2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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選修8Unit 1　A land of diversity 【短文語法填空】 We live in a world where snapping (抓拍) photos of your kids and posting them to social media is about as natural to parents as kissing them.But when enjoying __1__ (they) with little ones, sharing pictures at birthday parties, or wearing new __2__ (cloth), parents should keep some moments private.Otherwise, you may put kids into embarrassment, or even __3__ (bad), make them a potential target for child traders.__4__， children at certain stages hate their photos to be made public too. Now, parents __5__ post pictures of their children on social media could be accused by their sons or daughters under France’s privacy laws.Mothers and fathers are likely __6__ (face) a year in prison and a fine of ￡35,000, if they __7__ (find) guilty of posting details of their children’s private lives without their permission.And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy when they __8__ (be) children, could receive a large amount of money from their parents.In February, Eric Delcroix，__9__ expert on Internet law, posted a message on WeChat, reading：“Please stop __10__ (post) pictures of your kids on WeChat.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要呼吁父母不要輕易將孩子的照片放到社交媒體上以保護(hù)其隱私。 1．themselves　enjoy oneself為固定搭配，意為“玩得高興”，故用反身代詞themselves。 2．clothes　clothes是名詞，意為“衣服”，這里指“穿新衣服”，故用clothes。cloth意為“布料”。 3．worse　even用來修飾比較級，故用worse，意為“甚至更糟糕的是”。 4．Besides/Furthermore/Moreover　根據(jù)對空格前后語境的理解可知，這里并列敘述了將孩子的照片放到社交媒體上的兩個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，所以這兩點(diǎn)之間應(yīng)用承接副詞Besides/Furthermore/Moreover，意為“此外”。注意首字母大寫。 5．who/that　parents后為定語從句，定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞是parents，指人，故用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)從句。 6．to face　be likely to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“很可能做某事”，故用to face。 7．a(chǎn)re found　find與前面的主語they之間是被動關(guān)系，且全文時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用are found。 8．were　根據(jù)前面的“And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy ...”可知，此處指當(dāng)他們是孩子的時(shí)候，是過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填were。 9．a(chǎn)n　an expert on Internet law為同位語，解釋說明了Eric Delcroix。同位語中常用不定冠詞，表示 “一……”；因?yàn)閑xpert的讀音是以元音音素開頭的，故用an。 10．posting　stop doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“停止做某事”，符合語境。故填posting。 (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P183) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉 __election__ n．選擇；選舉 ②__grasp__ vt.& n．抓??；掌握；領(lǐng)會 ③__customs__ n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅 __custom__ n．風(fēng)俗 ④__occur__ vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) ⑤indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 __indication__ n．標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 ⑥__hire__ vt.& n．租用；雇用 ⑦_(dá)_reform__ vt.& vi.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良 ⑧means n．方法；手段 __mean__ vt.意味著 __meaning__ n．意義 2．常考詞匯 ①majority n．__大多數(shù)；大半__ minority n．__少數(shù)__ ②applicant n．__申請人__ apply vi.__申請__ application n．__申請書；申請__ ③apparent adj.__顯而易見的；顯然的__ apparently adv.__顯然地；顯而易見地__ ④conductor n．__列車員，指揮__ conduct vt.__指揮，指導(dǎo)__ ⑤boom n．& vi.__(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Just last year，I __was conducting__ (conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 2．In the north of India，the population __is booming__ (boom) due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.(2017江蘇卷) 3．Taylor __will apply__ (application) to college soon.She wants to be a nurse.(2017北京卷) 4．Jack was working in the lab when the power cut __occurred__ (occur)．(2016北京卷) 5．Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，__was hired__ (hire) to make the images，most of which have never before been published.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 6．When I’m writing a textbook，it has bee second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its __meaning__ (mean)．(2016江蘇卷) 7．Research findings seem __to indicate__ (indicate) that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.(2015重慶卷) 8．Besides，I have such a good mand of English that I __am elected__ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陜西卷) ?“抓住”家族 ①grasp 抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會 ②master 抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會 ③seize 抓；捉；捕；奪；搶；劫掠；掠奪 ④snatch 搶，抓??；搶去，奪去，攫取(away；off；up；down；from) ⑤take hold of 抓住 ⑥grab 攫取，抓?。蛔プ?；搶奪，霸占 ⑦capture 捕獲，奪得；俘獲，擄掠，掠奪 ?“選擇”速覽 ①choose vt.選擇 ②choice n．選擇 ③select vt.選擇；挑選；選拔 ④elect vt.推選；選(舉)某人任某職 ⑤election n．選舉，選出，當(dāng)選 ⑥option n．選擇，取舍，選擇權(quán)；可選擇的東西 ⑦pick out 選出 ⑧vote vt.& vi.選舉；投票 ?學(xué)會“道歉與原諒” ①apologise/apologize vi.道歉；謝罪 ②apology n．道歉；辯解 ③excuse vt.原諒，寬恕 ④forgive vt.原諒，饒恕，寬恕 ⑤pardon n．原諒，饒恕，寬恕 ⑥r(nóng)egret n．遺憾，抱歉 ⑦forget it 不要介意 ⑧never mind 不介意 ⑨t(yī)ake it easy 放松，不要緊張 【完形填空】 My fianc(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didnt want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the uping(即將到來的)__4__ and I didnt want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy. I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自動售貨機(jī))at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling. When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a wellwishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__. It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitressday，my coworkers day，and now its your day too! 1．A.started　　　　　B．a(chǎn)dapted C．disappeared D．finished 2．A.later B．worse C．more D．earlier 3．A.apply B．leave C．find D．stay 4．A.party B．picnic C．banquet D．dinner 5．A.if B．though C．so D．because 6．A.turned B．put C．made D．hid 7．A.full B．sleepy C．a(chǎn)ngry D．hungry 8．A.few B．clean C．clear D．puzzling 9．A.employees B．managers C．friends D．bosses 10．A.home B．office C．restaurant D．bedroom 11．A.stop B．run C．eat D．buy 12．A.never B．hardly C．frequently D．perhaps 13．A.change B．begin C．a(chǎn)rise D．end 14．A.bill B．tip C．order D．menu 15．A.wonderful B．careful C．busy D．a(chǎn)nxious 16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into 17．A.stand up B．sit down C．go away D．stay up 18．A.smiled B．shouted C．cried D．cheered 19．A.three B．four C．five D．six 20．A.ever B．usual C．just D．even 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者和她的未婚夫決定一起共進(jìn)晚餐。在這本該屬于他們自己的特殊一天里，作者卻選擇把關(guān)愛和歡樂一同送給同事、餐廳服務(wù)員、甚至是未曾謀面的陌生人，讓愛和溫暖滋潤他人。 1．A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文內(nèi)容可知，這頓晚餐一開始只屬于我們。start意為“開始”，符合語境。故選A。 2．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段中的“but it was the waitress day，my coworkers day, and now its your day too”可知，“我們”的這一天最后卻變得更有意義，是更多人的一天。more 意為“更多”，符合語境。故選C。 3．B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指吃晚飯前先離開辦公室。leave意為“離開”，符合語境。故選B。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此處指即將到來的晚餐。故選D。 5．C　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者不想這一天只屬于她和未婚夫，她也想給他人帶來快樂。本句與上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選C。 6．B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及常識可知，硬幣應(yīng)該是放入自動售貨機(jī)。B項(xiàng)意為“放，安置”，符合語境。故選B。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“food vending machines(自動售貨機(jī))”可知，此處指在自動售貨機(jī)里放入多一些的硬幣，是為了讓下一個(gè)肚子餓了來買食物的同事有東西吃。hungry意為“饑餓的”，符合語境。故選D。 8．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此處指作者在大廳里貼出清晰易懂的笑臉示范。clear意為“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合語境。故選C。 9．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此處應(yīng)指雇員。故選A。 10．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者裝飾的是辦公室。故選B。 11．A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路過的同事們看到激勵(lì)的話會停下來讀一讀。故選A。 12．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，作者覺得這些激勵(lì)的話可能會改變同事們的心情。此處表推測。故選D。 13．D　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此處應(yīng)表示在晚餐結(jié)束要離開的時(shí)候。end意為“結(jié)束，終止”，符合語境。故選D。 14．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及常識可知，在離開之前作者給服務(wù)員留下了很豐厚的小費(fèi)。B項(xiàng)意為“小費(fèi)”，符合語境。故選B。 15．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便條是祝愿服務(wù)員有美好的一天。wonderful意為“精彩的，絕妙的”，符合語境。故選A。 16．D　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，服務(wù)員看到作者的便條感動得哭了。burst into tears意為“突然哭了”，符合語境。故選D。 17．B　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀請服務(wù)員坐下來，聽她傾訴。B項(xiàng)意為“坐下”，符合語境。故選B。 18．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及語境可知，服務(wù)員突然哭起來，而作者作為一名感性的孕婦也陪她哭了起來。故選C。 19．A　考查數(shù)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，作者夫婦和服務(wù)員一起坐著，因此一共是三個(gè)人。故選A。 20．C　考查副詞辨析。句意為：這一天已經(jīng)不僅僅是屬于我們的，也是屬于服務(wù)員的、我的同事的而且現(xiàn)在也是你們的。just意為“僅僅”，符合語境。故選C。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．動詞＋介詞(副詞) ①live __on__ 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 ②keep __up__ 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) ③mark __out__ 用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線 ④take __in__ 包括；吸收 ⑤apply __for__ 申請；請示得到 ⑥team up __with__ 與……合作或一起工作 2．其他形式 ①__a__ great/good many 許多；很多 ②__by__ means of...用……辦法；借助…… ③__make__ a life 謀生；習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 ④back to __back__ 背靠背 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Whom should you contact if you want to __apply for__ the job in Rockville？(2016四川卷) 2．It is honorable to __make a life__ with your hands while depending on others is a shame. 3．After seeing __a great many__ homeless people in the streets，I thought I should do something for them. 4．To __keep up__ good relationships with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them. 5．John preferred to go into business alone rather than __marked out__ anyone else. 6．The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house __by means of__ a ladder. ?“很多”再回顧 a lot of；lots of；a number of；a quantity of；quantities of；a good/great many；dozens of；scores of；many a；more than one；the/a majority of ?“動詞＋out”短語再記 ①bring out 闡釋；說明；出版 ②carry out 完成；實(shí)施計(jì)劃 ③e out 出現(xiàn)；傳出：表露；達(dá)到 ④help out 幫助克服困難 ⑤give out 用盡；耗盡 ⑥turn out 證明 ⑦work out 計(jì)算出；擬定出；解決 ⑧run out 用完 ⑨set out 啟程；出發(fā) 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。 it is likely that...“有可能……”。 對我們學(xué)生而言參觀長城有可能是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。 __It is likely that__ a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience. 2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。 That is why...“那就是……的原因”。 他迷戀電腦游戲，那就是他不得不輟學(xué)的原因。 He is addicted to puter games，and __that is why he has to__ drop out of school. 3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯的、主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。 It is believed that...“人們認(rèn)為/相信……”，其構(gòu)成為：It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句。 人們認(rèn)為澳大利亞的歷史始于18世紀(jì)末期。 __It is believed that__ Australian history began at the end of the eighteenth century. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me. 【答案】　 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me. 第一處：most前加the?？疾楣谠~。母親節(jié)前一天，我周圍的所有人都在談?wù)撌裁词撬麄儗槟赣H買的最合適的禮物。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞的最高級，故在most前加the。 第二處：were→was?？疾橹髦^一致。動名詞短語Buying flowers作主語時(shí)謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式，故將were改為was。 第三處：differently→different?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾不定代詞something需用形容詞。注意：different在此作后置定語。 第四處：去掉so。考查連詞。as“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句，故后面的so多余。 第五處：sent→send。考查動詞。and連接的不是并列的謂語動詞，而是不定式，第二個(gè)不定式前的to承前省略了。 第六處：what→which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為suggestions，非限制性定語從句缺主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。注意：what不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。 第七處：it→them?？疾榇~。指代前面的suggestions，需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them。 第八處：feel→feeling?？疾槊~。feel作名詞表示“觸覺，印象”，而feeling作名詞表示“想法，意見，感覺”，顯然此處要用feeling。 第九處：in→up?？疾閯釉~短語。give in是“讓步，屈服”的意思，與語義不符。give up意為“放棄”，符合語境要求。 第十處：to→for。考查介詞。此處表示我感謝媽媽為我做過的一切。thank sb.for sth.“為某事感謝某人”為固定用法。