2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作最后沖刺 訓(xùn)練、點(diǎn)評(píng)和猜題 02（含解析）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作最后沖刺 訓(xùn)練、點(diǎn)評(píng)和猜題 02（含解析） 閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。 No doubt the planet is warming. Over the last century, the temperature has risen by around one degree Fahrenheit. It’s reported that the global temperatures will rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit—enough to have the polar caps almost melted. If the ice caps melt, buildings, homes and even lives will be under water. While we know about global warming, what can we do to save the planet? The answer is simpler than supposed. You don’t have to go miles away to protest, or spend much money. Here are several simple steps to begin with. Firstly, plant a tree. Trees , when fully grown, will keep the planet cooler. Secondly, reduce pollution. Sometimes as simple as walking instead of taking the car will reduce pollution. Besides stop pollution, you are giving yourself exercise. So whenever you get into your car, just ask yourself, “do I have to make this journey by vehicle?” When you get a little cold in winter, put a jumper on and don’t adjust the heating. The extra heat produced by homes also affect the planet. Finally, reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need and reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you cannot reuse. If everyone stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by protecting the Earth. It is our next generation that will feel the effects. 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】 1.以約30個(gè)詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容; 2.然后以約120個(gè)詞就“阻止全球變暖從我做起”進(jìn)行議論，內(nèi)容包括： (1)全球變暖危及人類(lèi)生存； (2)阻止全球變暖要從小事做起； (3)你的做法。 【寫(xiě)作要求】 1.在作文中可以使用自己親身的經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.標(biāo)題自定。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 概括準(zhǔn)確，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 本篇任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)：使用約30個(gè)詞概括要點(diǎn)；使用約120個(gè)詞寫(xiě)一篇符合要求的短文。這一題型旨在考查考生“用英語(yǔ)獲取信息、處理信息、傳達(dá)信息的能力，分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力以及用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力”，即“綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力”。因此，本篇寫(xiě)作有下列重點(diǎn)需要考生認(rèn)真思考，加以解決： 1.概括短文內(nèi)容：瀏覽全文，提煉第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容以及后面的“Firstly, Secondly, Fianally”等就可以概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。第一段概括起來(lái)是說(shuō)：地球溫度升高3-10華氏度(足以融化極地上的冰雪)，(使得)地球上的建筑、家園甚至人本身都要被覆蓋于水下。第二段以及后面的幾段概括起來(lái)就是：為了拯救地球，建議我們所要采取的簡(jiǎn)單易行的措施。 2.如何圍繞“阻止全球變暖從我做起”進(jìn)行議論(題目有明確的要求)： (1)全球變暖危及人類(lèi)生存(這本身就是個(gè)話(huà)題，要適當(dāng)加以發(fā)揮)； (2)阻止全球變暖要從小事做起(這本身也是個(gè)話(huà)題，要適當(dāng)加以發(fā)揮)； (3)我的做法(要圍繞“從小事做起”， 根據(jù)上文所提及的植樹(shù)、減少污染、循環(huán)利用等展開(kāi)想像去舉例)。 【參考答案】 According to the passage, if the global temperatures rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit, it is possible for everything to be under water. To save the earth, some simple measures are mentioned for us to take. Now we have to recognize global warming as a real threat to mankind. We need to hold back global warming and prepare for its oute. Otherwise, the human civilization will be destroyed on one day, and the human race is at risk of being extinct. Everyone should start out small, adopting a responsible lifestyle, which can bring an important help to the protection of the earth. It’s the only reasonable way to save the planet before it is too late. So something must be done to benefit our environment. I’ll use a clothesline instead of a dryer to save energy when drying my clothes. Fresh foods are my favour instead of frozen ones, because frozen foods consume ten times more energy to produce. In a word, we should do our best to hold back global warming and protect the environment 【范文評(píng)析】 1.范文在概括短文內(nèi)容時(shí)，沒(méi)有直接引用原文中的句子，符合題目設(shè)定的要求。范文第一句話(huà)就交代了消息的來(lái)源“According to the passage (介詞短語(yǔ))”、將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情“if the global temperatures rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit, (條件狀語(yǔ)從句)”以及什么后果“it is possible for everything to be under water.(經(jīng)典句型：形式主語(yǔ)it +be+adj.+for sth.+動(dòng)詞不定式)”。第二句話(huà)：用“不定式”作目的狀語(yǔ)加上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句就把該文的第二個(gè)主要內(nèi)容交代得清清楚楚；按照大部分考生的常規(guī)思路，我們也可以這樣來(lái)概括短文內(nèi)容：The passage tells us that the planet is warming and the global temperatures rise constantly recent years. And the authors gives us some measures to stop global warming. 2.范文在展開(kāi)議論部分用了三個(gè)獨(dú)立的小段來(lái)分別闡述，給讀者的層次感非常清楚。 (1)范文用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句“Now we have to recognize global warming as a real threat to mankind.”開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直擊話(huà)題。接著展開(kāi)了議論，使得話(huà)題有據(jù)可依?！癶old back，Otherwise, at risk of being extinct”等詞匯的運(yùn)用為這段增色不少。 (2)范文用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句“Everyone should start out small, adopting a responsible lifestyle”引出話(huà)題，再用一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句“which can bring an important help to the protection of the earth.”和一個(gè)復(fù)合句“It’s the only reasonable way to save the planet before it is too late.”來(lái)進(jìn)一步闡述?！皊tart out，adopting，bring an important help to，before it is too late”等詞匯和句型的使用使得文章亮點(diǎn)紛呈。 (3)作者用“So”連詞承上啟下，順理成章提出了“我的做法”，這些做法(節(jié)約能源)確實(shí)都是小事?！皐hen drying my clothes”狀語(yǔ)從句的省略句的使用，讓讀者眼前一亮。 3.最后一段為全文畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛，強(qiáng)化了文章的主題。缺少這一段文章的可讀性就大大降低。 練習(xí)二 全球氣候變暖是目前人類(lèi)面臨的最大的環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，為“節(jié)能減排”獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。 背景 溫室氣體的排放導(dǎo)致大氣層中二氧化碳的含量越來(lái)越高，溫度升高。 后果 海平面急劇上升，自然災(zāi)害頻繁等。 措施/建議 1. 節(jié)約能源 2. 綠化環(huán)境 3. 提高公眾意識(shí) 注意：1.不要逐句翻譯(尤其是措施部分要具體) 2.詞數(shù)：150左右(文章的開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 提示：溫室氣體的排放 the emission of greenhouse gases With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has bee one of the most serious problems nowadays. 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 這是一篇提綱類(lèi)作文，我們需要用正確的英語(yǔ)把給出的要點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái)。本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)中給出的要點(diǎn)比較具體,故需要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系，盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時(shí)也要注意使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句型使文章顯得更有檔次。特別注意在表達(dá)句式時(shí)上要賦予變化。除此之外，有下列重點(diǎn)需要考生認(rèn)真思考，加以解決： 1.將背景和后果合并為一段進(jìn)行表達(dá)；將措施、建議另成一段表述，使文章成為典型的三段式(文章的首段已經(jīng)給出)； 2.展開(kāi)頭腦風(fēng)暴，圍繞表中內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詞匯搜索。如：result in/lead to, go up/rise, the rise of sea levels, natural disasters, save energy, plant more trees, raise people’s awareness of the importance of protecting the environment等等； 3.擴(kuò)詞成句，再加上過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)或句子，使文章連貫起來(lái)。 【參考答案】 With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has bee one of the most serious problems nowadays. The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on. Therefore, its time to take steps to make a difference. First of all, we should save energy. We should turn off the lights, the TV, the puter and so on if we are not using them any longer. We can walk or ride a bike when we go out instead of using motor vehicles. Secondly, we should plant more trees as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh our spirit when we look at them. Finally and most importantly, we should talk with our family and friends about global warming to raise people’s awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. 【范文評(píng)析】 總體說(shuō)來(lái)，本篇范文開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地點(diǎn)明了現(xiàn)在隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)環(huán)境問(wèn)題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻；其次敘述溫室氣體的排放導(dǎo)致大氣層中二氧化碳的含量越來(lái)越高、溫度升高和由此帶來(lái)的后果；最后提出了保護(hù)環(huán)境的一些有效措施，層層遞進(jìn)。具體地說(shuō)： 1.第二段中常規(guī)詞匯(見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)部分“The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.)”的運(yùn)用，讓讀者格外感到親切，同時(shí)也顯示了作者駕馭語(yǔ)言的能力； 2.第三段中運(yùn)用了恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞，如Therefore, First of all，secondly, Finally and most importantly，使得文章條理清晰，語(yǔ)句通暢；經(jīng)典句型和詞匯的運(yùn)用為文章增色不少,如：its time to take steps to make a difference，turn off，not...any longer, instead of , raise people’s awareness, protecting the environment等等。 練習(xí)三 假如你正在參加學(xué)校舉行的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，就如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖這一話(huà)題發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解，號(hào)召同學(xué)們過(guò)低碳生活，為減少二氧化碳（CO2）排放做貢獻(xiàn)。請(qǐng)就這一話(huà)題寫(xiě)一篇演講稿，陳述你自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。演講稿應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容： 1.節(jié)能減排，低碳生活，人人可為； 2.改變以往的家庭生活習(xí)慣(如用電，用水)； 3.出行使用公共交通工具或騎自行車(chē)。 4.…… 要求：1.詞數(shù)：不少于150左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 提示：碳排放 carbon emission 燃料 fuel 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 這是一篇演講稿，以提綱式形式命題，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意格式：稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)和結(jié)尾語(yǔ)。寫(xiě)好此類(lèi)作文的關(guān)鍵是認(rèn)真審題和分析所給的提綱，因此考生首先要認(rèn)真閱讀前面的提示，認(rèn)清寫(xiě)作要求和提綱之間的關(guān)系，然后確定文章的主題、文體、人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)所給提綱，列出要點(diǎn)，并以此為基礎(chǔ)充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，靈活運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，采用不同的表達(dá)方式將各要點(diǎn)完整地表述出來(lái)，注意主次分明，詳略得當(dāng)。除此之外，有下列重點(diǎn)需要考生認(rèn)真思考，加以解決： 1.整理歸納要點(diǎn)：①我的話(huà)題：過(guò)低碳生活(給出談此話(huà)題的理由：全球變暖)；②節(jié)能減排，低碳生活，人人可為；③改變以往的家庭生活習(xí)慣(如用電，用水)；④出行使用公共交通工具或騎自行車(chē)。 2.挖掘要點(diǎn)：題目中“4.……”提示考生要增加要點(diǎn)； 3.開(kāi)展頭腦風(fēng)暴，圍繞歸納的要點(diǎn)展開(kāi)詞匯搜索。如：live a low-carbon life, bee warmer and warmer, save energy , reduce our daily carbon emissions, change our previous living habit(use energy-saving electricity lights, never leave the water running), use the public transport, ride one’s bicycle等等。 【參考答案】 Good morning, everyone, My topic today is how to live a low-carbon life. As we all know, the earth is being warmer and warmer due to the global climate change. Many people may think that low-carbon life is far away from us. However, every one of us can reduce our daily carbon emissions by doing something. Firstly, changing our previous living habit of wasting things is the first step. We can use energy-saving electricity lights instead of the traditional lights, and turn them off when we dont use them. Never leave the water running when we dont use it. Use the public transport or ride your bicycle instead of driving private cars when we travel somewhere. Even if we have to drive, wed better plan it well in advance to avoid wasting fuel. It is believed that the global climate change is due to the human activities. Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can we make a difference. That’s all, thank you! 2.這一段實(shí)際上要講的是“如何過(guò)低碳生活”。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句“Firstly, changing our previous living habit of wasting things is the first step”打開(kāi)了演講的話(huà)匣子。然后從“用電、用水、出行”等方面闡述了如何過(guò)低碳生活。接著作者話(huà)猶未盡，增加了“Even if we have to drive, wed better plan it well in advance to avoid wasting fuel(節(jié)約能源)”這樣的要點(diǎn)，達(dá)到了題目所設(shè)定的要求(題目中“4.……”提示考生要增加要點(diǎn))。本段最后一句“It is believed that the global climate change is due to the human activities(據(jù)此可以相信全球變暖是由于人類(lèi)的活動(dòng)而造成的)”對(duì)該段的主題又進(jìn)行了升華； 3.用一個(gè)倒裝句“Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can we make a difference”為全文畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛，升華演講主題，這是不可或缺的。 順便說(shuō)一下，范文作者運(yùn)用了問(wèn)候和稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)“Good morning, everyone,”和結(jié)尾語(yǔ)“That’s all. Thank you!”，沒(méi)有忘記演講稿的格式。 猜 題 根據(jù)下面的圖片提供的信息寫(xiě)一篇150個(gè)字左右的短文，介紹與Global warming相關(guān)的知識(shí)。就圖片而言，談一談遏止全球變暖的有效方法。為使文章完整，寫(xiě)作時(shí)可以根據(jù)圖片作一定的發(fā)揮。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 這是圖表式作文中比較典型的曲線(xiàn)圖。圖表式作文還有柱狀圖、餅狀圖、表格數(shù)據(jù)及平面圖解等形式?？忌趯?xiě)作時(shí)只有在看懂圖表的基礎(chǔ)上才能動(dòng)筆寫(xiě)。圖表作文的規(guī)律性很強(qiáng)，如果不能全部領(lǐng)會(huì)圖表信息，寫(xiě)作中就會(huì)出現(xiàn)遺漏信息，分析不準(zhǔn)確等一系列問(wèn)題。圖表式作文就是將數(shù)據(jù)、圖像等所包含的信息轉(zhuǎn)化為表意的說(shuō)明文字。這類(lèi)題型因所含文字較少，提供信息少，要點(diǎn)分散等特征而比較復(fù)雜，考生不僅要弄清提示，而且還要看懂所給的圖表和數(shù)據(jù)，找出隱含于圖表中的信息，通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、文字內(nèi)容分析，準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出圖表含義，分析原因，發(fā)表議論。因而本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)考生所要解決的具體問(wèn)題是： 1.如何描述曲線(xiàn)圖中所反映的問(wèn)題，并由此展開(kāi)合理的敘述； 2.根據(jù)圖片下方的文字提示，分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的根源； 3.談一談遏止全球變暖的有效方法。 【參考答案】 The graph tells us that the world has been getting warmer and warmer since 1900. We are surprised to find side effects of global warming. For example, the warmer global climate melts the ice caps, raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth. Scientists have found one of the main causes which result in global warming. It is carbon dioxide in the air. With the development of industry, lots of fossil fuels are burnt in big factories. Cars, trucks and buses also produce gases as harmful as the gases from factories. These gases contain plenty of carbon dioxide. To stop global warming, we should reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. People should be taught to live a low-carbon life and try to use renewable energy. 【范文評(píng)析】 1.范文第一句話(huà)“The graph tells us that the world has been getting warmer and warmer since 1900”就揭示了圖片所反映的主要問(wèn)題。該句中“has been getting”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用得非常到位，描述得栩栩如生。用一句簡(jiǎn)單句“We are surprised to find side effects of global warming(我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)地球變暖所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響)”為下面的舉例做好了鋪墊。用“For example”承接上文，例子“the warmer global climate melts the ice caps, raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth”使讀者觸目驚心。該句中兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth”作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，充分彰顯了作者駕馭句子的能力； 3.最后談了遏止全球變暖的有效方法。范文就用了兩句話(huà)就把該問(wèn)題搞定，充分顯示了作者把握焦點(diǎn)，高度概括的技能。作者圍繞第二段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行布局。第一句“To stop global warming(動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)), we should reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air(為了遏止全球變暖，我們就應(yīng)該減少二氧化氮的排放)”擊中要害；第二句“People should be taught to live a low-carbon life and try to use renewable energy(教育人們過(guò)低碳生活，盡量使用可以重復(fù)使用的能源)”緊緊圍繞主題為“談遏止全球變暖的有效方法”問(wèn)題錦上添花。