2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第02章 代詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第02章 代詞 英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為九種： 人稱代詞 分為主格（如：I, you, he等）和賓格（如：me, you, him） 物主代詞 分為形容性物主代詞（如：my, his, your）和名詞性物主代詞（如：mine, his, yours） 指示代詞 常見的有四個：this這，that那, these這些, those那些 反身代詞 如：myself我自己，himself他自己，themselves他們自己 疑問代詞 用在特殊疑問句中。有：who, whom, whose, what, which。如：Who is that boy? What do you like? 不定代詞 如：some一些, many許多, both兩個都, everything, everybody等 關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：This is the boy who won the race. 相互代詞 指each other 與 one another，意為“互相” 連接代詞 疑問代詞在引導(dǎo)從句時，都稱為連接代詞，包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever，一共九個。如： It is clear enough what she meant. 她是什么意思很清楚。（引導(dǎo)主語從句） I don’t care what they think. 他們怎么想我不管。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句） 第1講 人稱代詞 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們 主格 I you he she it we you they 賓格 me you him her it us you them 形容性物主代詞 my your his her its my your their 名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its mine yours theirs 反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 人稱代詞分為主格和賓格。 考點1. 代詞作同位語 如果代詞和名詞指代相同時，常用主格或賓格作同位語，(答疑qq 329950885)不用物主代詞。 改錯：Our Chinese people are friendly. 把our改為we, 因為我們本身就是中國人。 1. ______ students are tired of doing so much homework. We had better make it known to our teachers. A. Our B. We C. Us D. Ours 2. 【xx湖南】To save class time, our teacher has ______ students do half of the exercise in class and plete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 考點2. 用人稱代詞賓格代替主格的情況 ① 口語中作表語的人稱代詞一般用賓格，不用主格。 —Who is it? —It’s me. ② 在比較句型中，as和than后的主格可以用賓格代替。 I am taller than she/her. He is as tall as she/her. ③ but, except作“除了……”解并且位于主語之后時，后面可以跟主格也可跟賓格。 Nobody but/except he/him knew it. ④ 人稱代詞單獨出現(xiàn)時，常用賓格。 Who runs faster, you or me? 3. —Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why ____? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 4. 【xx山東】—Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now! —______. He has changed so much. A. Never mind B. No problem C. Not at all D. Me neither 第2講 指示代詞 指示代詞一般指：this, that, these和those 考點1. this, that that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用, this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用。 I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t e. 1. 【xx浙江】—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was ______? —______ was in xx when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 2. 【xx遼寧】—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? —Victoria Street? ____ is where the Grand Theatre is. A. Such B. There C. That D. This 考點2. that 指代前面提到的名詞，后總是跟限制性的后置修飾語, 復(fù)數(shù)時要用those that可以代指可數(shù)名詞也可代指不可數(shù)名詞。 it和that都可替代“the+單數(shù)名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）”，都是特指，(答疑qq 329950885)但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。如： ① 【xx全國】The Parkers bought a new house but ____will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which ② 【xx全國】Few pleasures can equal______ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 分析：①選B, 因為指的同一事物。②選C 。that替代the pleasure，與前面提到的同屬“快樂的事”，但卻是不同的事。 如果前面名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，要用those而不用that。 有時也用one（ones）代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，但只能代替可數(shù)名詞。如： The book on the table is more interesting than that (或the one) on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. 3. 【xx四川】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ______ on the small ones. A. one B. this C. that D. it 4. 【xx遼寧】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______ of her colleagues. A. that B. one C. ones D. those 5. 【xx全國I】 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 6. 【xx江蘇】Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children pared with ______ of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that 7. 【xx浙江】Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____of McDonald’s. A. those B. ones C. any D. all 8. 【xx天津】At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 第3講 不定代詞（一） 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞，常用的不定代詞有： all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, very 和 body, one, thing 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞 考點1. one不可指代不可數(shù)名詞 1. 【2011重慶】—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. —What do you think of ______ over there? A. the one B. this C. it D. that 2. Our furniture is much cheaper than ______ you bought last year. A. one B. ones C. that D. those 考點2. one作同位語，等于a/an＋名詞 3. 【xx全國】Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 4. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, ______ he thought he would never see. A. what B. that C. one D. it 5. —Can I help you? —I’d like to buy a gift for my mother, ______ at a proper price but of great use. A. that B. one C. anyone D. everything 考點3. one, it, the one, the ones的區(qū)別 在指代時，one可以替換為：a+名詞, 而it指特定的某一個，相當于the+名詞。在the one和the ones中，one指代前面提到的可數(shù)名詞。 6. 【xx全國】—Why don’t we take a little break？ —Didn’t we just have ______? A. it B. that C. one D. this 7. 【2011福建】We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose ______ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 8. 【1992全國】Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ______ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 9. 【xx江西】Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious ___ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 10. 【xx浙江】 We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 11. 【xx陜西】—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______? —No, I’d rather buy ______ in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 考點4. each, every表示“每一”時的區(qū)別 ① 從數(shù)量上：each用于兩個或兩個以上的人或物， 而every用于三個或三個以上的人或物。也就是說，只有兩個時，必須用each, 三個及三個以上時，用each和every都行。 Each/Every student has a puter. ② 從意義上：each側(cè)重于個體，強調(diào)“每一個”, 而every側(cè)重于整體，強調(diào) “全部”。 Each student has a puter. 每個學(xué)生都有臺電腦。 Every student has a puter. 所有的學(xué)生都有電腦。 ③ 從詞性上：every只能作形容詞，而each可作代詞、形容詞和副詞。 Each boy has eaten one apple. (each為形容詞) Each of them has eaten one apple. （each為代詞） They each have eaten one apple. （each為代詞，作同位語） They have eaten one apple each. （each為副詞） 改錯： ①There are many tall trees on every side of the road. ②Every of the students in our class has a dictionary. 改為： ①把every改為each, 因為路只有兩條邊，而every用于三者及三者以上。 ②把Every 改為Each，或在Every后加one。 12. 【xx上?！縒hen he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside. A. each B. every C. other D. another 考點5. any, either表示“任何一個”時的區(qū)別 ① any表示“任何”的意思, 用于三者及三者以上。 Any child can do that.（定語） You may take any of them.（賓語） ② either是“兩者中任何一個”的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them. （賓語） ③ each指兩者時可與either互換。如： There are many trees on either/each side of the road. 13. 【xx上?！?Do you want tea or coffee? ______, I really don’t mind. A. None B. Neither C. Either D. Or 14. 【xx陜西】Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer ______ of them. A. other B. any C. none D. some 15. 【xx重慶】He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ______ of them again. A. neither B. either C. each D. all 16. 【xx山東】I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ______ of them very much. A. either B. any C. each D. another 考點6. neither, both與 all, none (both與all表示部分否定) ① both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時，用neither。如： Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。 Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。 ② all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如： Not all the ants go out for food.(or: All the ants don’t go out for food.) 并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。 None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。 ③ 另外，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思，可以作形容詞，修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它所修飾的名詞用單數(shù)形式，(答疑qq 329950885)后面的謂語也用單數(shù)形式。如Neither boy knows French. 17. ______ of them do not drink wine. A bottle will be enough. A. No B. None C. All D. Every one 18. 【xx新課標Ⅱ】It’s an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ______. A. others B. either C. another D. both 19. 【xx全國新課標】Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ______ of them wants to, because they have work to do. A. either B. any C. neither D. none 20. 【xx重慶】—John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? —______. I’ll be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 21. 【xx全國】 —Can you e on Monday or Tuesday? —I’m afraid ______ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 考點7. another, other, others, the other, the others, the rest的區(qū)別 ① “the other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)” (或用the others) 表示“其余的全部……”；“other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或用others）”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”（并不有意強調(diào)全部）。 如： Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some are singing, and others are dancing.（others泛指其余的，指其余的絕大部分。暗示可能有極少數(shù)既沒唱歌也沒跳舞。如果用the others則指剩余的全部，表示其余的無一例外都在跳舞。） some…, some…, some…, others…，意為“一些……一些……一些”。 ② the other 強調(diào)剩下的這一個，此時只有一個；常出現(xiàn)在one…the other中, 用于兩者之間。如：He got two books; one isa textbook, the other is a novel. 也可用于其他表示“只剩下這一個”的情況。如：There were three boys in the classroom. One is Tom, another is John, and the other is Ken. another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用于“三個或三個以上”，指代剩下的兩個或兩個以上中的一個。 This coat is too dark. Please show me another.（賓語，外衣總數(shù)為三件及三件以上。除去這個外衣之外，剩下的起碼有兩件；如果只剩一件的話，就要用the other。） one … another/a second… a third…the other…常用于列舉，意為“一個……一個……一個……一個，剩下的那一個”，用于三者或三者以上的排列。 ③ another還可表示“再，又”。（參看：P. 32 many more + 名詞，much more + 名詞，與another） ④ the rest既可代替可數(shù)名詞，也可代替不可數(shù)名詞, 而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可數(shù) 名詞。 ⑤ else只能放在復(fù)合不定代詞或者疑問詞后。如： Did you see anybody else? 你還看見別的人嗎？ Who else was at the party? 聚會上還有誰？ ⑥ each other, one another(相互)。按傳統(tǒng)語法，each other 指兩者；而 one another 指三者或三者以上。但在現(xiàn)代英語中，兩者?？苫Q。如： You should help each other (one another). 你們應(yīng)該互相幫助。 We know each other’s (one another’s) weak points. 我們都彼此了解對方的缺點。 ⑦ one after another(一個接一個), 如：I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill—he was eating one ice-cream after another! ⑧ “any other ＋單數(shù)名詞”(別的 / 其他的任何一個) Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. ⑨ one way or another “以某種方式”；“無論如何”。Everyone at the party was related (in) one way or another. These bills have to be paid one way or another. 22. 【2011陜西】—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? —______ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More 23. 【xx全國】If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ______ $ 15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 24. 【xx安徽】You are the team star! Working with ______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other 25. 【xx上?！縉o progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ______. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 26. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ______ in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 27. 【xx重慶】Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______. A. another B. the other C. one another D. one 28. 【xx重慶】Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in ______ way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either 第4講 不定代詞（二） 考點1. something, anything, everything與somebody, anybody, everybody 在everyone (everybody)和everything中，every雖然表示“每一個”，但它側(cè)重于“全部的，所有的”。因此，everyone (everybody)和everything雖然意為“每個人”，“每件事/物”，但卻側(cè)重于表示“全部的、所有的”。它們表示的是“整體”的概念。如： Is everyone here? 大家都到齊了嗎？ Everything goes well. 一切順利。 在someone (somebody)和something中，some表示“特定”的某一個，屬于“ 不確定特指”，即：雖然沒有指明是哪一個，但也是“特定”的某一個，并且只能是“這個”而不能是別的任何一個。因此，someone (somebody)和something意為“某個人”“某件事/物”。它們表達的是“特定”的“個體”概念。如： Somebody broke the glass yesterday. 昨天有人把杯子打碎了。 Something is wrong with the machine. 機器出故障了。 在anyone (anybody)和anything中，any是“任何一個”的意思。它們表達的是不確定的“個體”概念，即：所代指的可以是“這一個”，也可以是其他任何一個。它們意為“任何一個人”“任何一件事/物”。如： Has anybody been to Hong Kong in our class? 我們班有沒有人去過香港？ Is anything wrong with you? 你怎么了？ 1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 2. —What an amazing film! It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen. —But I’m sure it won’t interest ______ . A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody 3. —Do you have ______ at home now, Stella? —No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 4. 【xx山東】Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 5. 【xx全國1】We haven’t enough books for ______; some of you will have to share. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody 6. 【xx湖北】First , it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from ______. A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 7. —Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? —I’m afraid I do. I’ll be glad to lend money to ________ but Charlie. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one 8. 【xx上?！縏he mayor has offered a reward of $ 5, 000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 9. His study is better than _________. A. anyone else’s B. anyone else C. anyone’s else D. everyone else 10. —What happened yesterday? —I don’t think ______ happened. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 11. He cares so little about his meals that _____ will do so long as it fills his stomach. A everything B something C anything D nothing 12. 【xx 重慶】Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ______ left in the house. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 13. ______ of us can do everything, but all of us can do ______. A. None; something B. Some; everything C. Few; something D. Few; nothing 14. 【xx安徽】I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______. A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other 15. ________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one 考點2. everyone 與every one everyone是一個詞，只用來指人，等于 everybody，在它后面不能跟介詞of； every one是兩個詞，既可用來指人，也可用來指物，等于each one，后面可跟介詞of。請看以下例句： Everyone of the children likes this game.（誤） 每個孩子都喜歡這個游戲。 Every one of the children likes this game.（正） 鏈接: everyday日常的，every day每天 He recites everyday English every day. 他每天背日常英語。 16. _____ likes being praised. _____ of them especially likes being praised. A. Everyone; Every one B. Every one; Everyone C. Everyone; Everyone D. Every one; Every one 考點3. none, no one, nobody的區(qū)別 ① no one，nobody只指人，nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。 ② 用作主語時，no one, nobody后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù), 按傳統(tǒng)語法，兩者之后均不能接 of 短語。none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。None后可跟of短語。如： No one （Nobody） knows. 誰也不知道。 No one （Nobody） likes it. 沒人喜歡它。 None of the money has been found. 那些錢都沒被找到。 None of the trees grow/grows well. 那些樹長得都不好。 ③ none 往往暗示有一定的范圍（這種范圍通常就表現(xiàn)在其后的 of 短語上），著眼于數(shù)量概念，“特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點兒也沒有”。而 no one 或 nobody 則不暗示這種范圍，即指“誰都沒有?！? 體會下面的兩組對話： A：Did any of your friends e to see you? 你的朋友當中有誰來看過你嗎? B：None. 一個也沒來。 A：Did anyone e to see you? 有人來看過你嗎? B：No one (Nobody). 誰也沒來。 ④ 在回答 how many 或 how much 的提問時，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提問時，通常用 no one 或 nobody。體會： A：How many English books have you read? 你讀 過多少本英文書? B：None. 一本也沒讀。 A：How much money did you give her? 你給了她 多少錢? B：None. 一分也沒給。 A：Who went to see the film? 誰去看電影了? B：No one (Nobody). 誰也沒去。　 17. —How many elephants did you see? —______. A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not many 18. —Who was in the building when the fire broke out? —______. A. None B. No one C. Not any one D. Not anybody 19. 【xx浙江】—I’d like some more cheese. —Sorry, there’s ______ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few 20. 【xx上?！俊猈ow! You’ve got so many clothes. —But ______ of them are in fashion now. A. all B. both C. neither D. none 21. 【xx江西】My brother would like to buy a good watch but ______ was available from that shop. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither 22. 【xx陜西】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ______ of her enthusiasm for life. A. some B. neither C. none D. all 考點4. something, somebody, nobody的特殊用法 ① something意為“重要的人物”, 相當于 somebody。 She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest. 選美比賽得了獎，她就自以為了不起了。 鏈接：He thinks he is somebody but he is nobody. 他自以為了不起，實際他一文不名。 ② something還可表示“重要的事物”。 These paintings were really something. 這些畫確實出色。 I think you may have something there. 我認為(答疑qq 329950885)在那方面你可能是有道理的。 ③ something of a（an）+n.表示“可以說是一個……”的意思。 Dr. James is a scholar and something of a philosopher. 詹姆斯博士是個學(xué)者，也可以說是個不錯的哲 學(xué)家。 聯(lián)系: He isn’t much of a cook. 23. 【2011四川】There is ______ in his words. We should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 考點5. everybody /something等人稱代詞替代問題 anyone/ anybody /somebody /everybody ① 指個體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)： Has anyone a dictionary he can lend me? Everyone in our class goes in for sports. ② 指“全部、無一例外”時，anyone/anybody在附加問句中，則其主語用復(fù)數(shù)代詞表示此意：Anybody can enter for the race, can’t they? Everyone in our class goes in for sports, don’t they? ③ 在口語中，特別是對話中，為避免明確指出所指對象的性別。 Everybody was wearing their shorts. I told everyone to run as fast as they can. something, everything 謂語動詞用單數(shù) （包括在反意問句的陳述和疑問部分中）： Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it ? 第5講 反身代詞 反身代詞指：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。 表示單數(shù)的反身代詞以self結(jié)尾；表示復(fù)數(shù)的反身代詞以selves結(jié)尾； 第一人稱和第二人稱前面用的是物主代詞；第三人稱前面用的是代詞賓格。 反身代詞有兩種用法：反射，強調(diào) 精品-高中英語語法通霸-2.代詞用法?？键c分類專項總結(jié)歸納講解與高考真題分類練習(xí)題及答案.doc I. 反射 反身代詞指代主語，與指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系。反身代詞和人稱代詞作賓語時具有不同的含義。如： He saw himself in the mirror. 他在鏡子里看見了他自己。（himself ,he 為同一人） He saw him in the mirror. 他在鏡子里看見了他。（him 顯然指另外一人） 因此當賓語和主語指代同一人時，要用反身代詞，不能用人稱代詞。 I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那個時候我不能打扮我自己。 She seated herself by the window. 她揀了窗邊的一個座位坐下來。 I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 She was beside herself with grief. 她悲傷過度，精神失常了。 Behave yourselves, children.孩子們，規(guī)矩點。 The girl fell off her bike and hurt herself. 女孩從自行車上摔下來，受了傷。 改錯： He had a deep voice, which set himself from others in our small town. 【xx新課標Ⅰ】 答案：himself改為him II. 強調(diào)：常作同位語 I myself heard him say so yesterday. 我昨天親自聽他這么說的。 She did it herself. （=She herself did it. ） 她自己做的。 The story itself is not interesting. 故事本身并不令人感到有趣。 練習(xí) 1. 【xx上?！縄f our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on _________. A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 2. 【xx福建】—Who called me this morning when I was not in? —A man calling ______ Robert. A. his B. himself C. his D. / 3. 【xx上海春】Treat _____ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. A. one B. oneself C. you D. yourself 4. 【xx江西】Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 5. 【xx湖南】 Our neighbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _____ when it fell from its nest. A. us; it B. us; itself C. ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it 6. 【2011安徽】Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _____ almost an overcoat for her. A. them B. her C. itself D. herself 7. 【xx上?！縏hose who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. onese