2019-2020年高中英語 Module 4 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解 外研版必修1.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 Module 4 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解 外研版必修1 【詞條1】survey 【點(diǎn)撥】survey 常作名詞,意為"調(diào)查,視察"。如: The survey shows that most students are satisfied with the food. Different results are reached in these surveys. 【上層樓】 1. survey作名詞常用于make a survey,意為"做調(diào)查"。如: I have to make a survey to a group of primary school students to finish my paper. 2. survey 還可作動(dòng)詞,意為"調(diào)查,查看；評(píng)述,概述"。如: About half the students were surveyed in the school. They got off the car to survey the damage. This book surveys the situation of that island country. 3. survey, test, check用法辨析: 這三個(gè)詞都可表示"檢查,審查",但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。 ①survey多指檢查事物并對(duì)其做出鑒定或調(diào)查一群人的行為、觀點(diǎn)(通常以提問的形式)。如: You’d better have the house surveyed before deciding to buy it. ②test多指"測(cè)驗(yàn),測(cè)試"。如: We have to take part in many tests in life. ③check側(cè)重于"核查",多指有一個(gè)參照的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如: Take notes and I’ll check it later. 【詞條2】fortunate 【點(diǎn)撥】fortunate為形容詞,意為"幸運(yùn)的,吉祥的"。如: I am fortunate to have a big happy family, which gives me love at any time. It was fortunate that the girl was playing outdoors when the house broke down suddenly. 【上層樓】 1. fortunate 常用于be fortunate to do / doing或it be fortunate that ...,意為"很幸運(yùn)"。如: I felt fortunate to get so many friends here. It was fortunate that the fire was put out in time. 2. fortune n."運(yùn)氣,機(jī)會(huì)；一大筆錢",常用于以下短語: ①make a / one’s fortune"發(fā)大財(cái)"。如: Henry Ford made his fortune in business. ②seek one’s fortune"尋找未來,尋求發(fā)跡"。如: My uncle went out to seek his fortune in 1974. 3. unfortunate adj."不幸的,遺憾的"；unfortunately adv."不幸地"。如: He is very unfortunate in his marriage. Unfortunately, he lost his job after he broke his leg. 4. fortunate, lucky用法辨析: ①fortunate 常指由于某種境遇或命運(yùn)決定的"幸運(yùn)"。如: You are so fortunate to be born in your family. ②lucky 常用來表示意外的或偶然的"好運(yùn)"。如: He was lucky to have met that teacher in his twenties who helped him a lot in his later work. 【詞條3】sound 【點(diǎn)撥】sound可作動(dòng)詞,意為"聽起來似乎,讓人聽著好像"。在句子中與形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。sound可接like短語, as if 從句或副詞。如: It sounds as if he has never stayed in his hometown. —How about having dinner and watching a film together? —Sounds great! 【上層樓】 1. sound作動(dòng)詞還可意為"發(fā)出聲音,發(fā)出警報(bào)"。如: The bell sounded for the end of the class. The dog sounded to warn the host as a stranger came near. 2. sound adj."明智的,合理的；安全的,香甜的"；sound n."聲音"。如: He always gives me some sound suggestions when I am in trouble. I have had a sound sleep last night. Why are you making so loud sounds at midnight? 【詞條4】bother 【點(diǎn)撥】bother為動(dòng)詞,意為"打擾,煩擾；麻煩,費(fèi)心"。如: I don’t mean to bother you. The thing that bothered me was that my little daughter was ill at home. 【上層樓】 1. bother意為"煩惱,煩擾"時(shí)常用于bother sb. (about / with sth.)。如: Don’t bother me with such trivial(微不足道的)things. 2. bother還可以意為"花費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力(做某事)",常用于bother with / about sth.。如: I don’t know what she is bothering with. It is such a simple trick that I don’t even bother to think. 3. bother還可作名詞,意為"困難,麻煩；令人煩惱的事或人"。如: You may call to tell them and save yourself the bother of going round. You shouldn’t treat your child as a bother. 4. bother, annoy, trouble用法辨析: ①bother"打擾,麻煩",指給人行動(dòng)帶來不便或身心帶來痛苦。如: She is always bothering me with maths problems before I go to bed. ②annoy 指由于干擾、不順利或受不了某種外界的情況等而"煩惱,懊惱"。如: His bad behaviors annoyed me. ③trouble 比bother的程度更深,指使人"苦惱"。如: What is troubling you? 經(jīng)典短語透視 【短語1】get away from 【點(diǎn)撥】get away from 意為"擺脫,離開"。如: You can not get away from the fact that you will have to take the exam tomorrow. It’s not right for you to get away from work at this time. 【上層樓】 1. get away from后可接人也可接物,表示"擺脫,逃離",也可直接寫成get away。如: A police officer caught the thief but he got away quickly. My parents won’t let me get away from home at night. 2.常用的其他get短語還有: ①get along"進(jìn)展,相處"。如: How do you get along with your classmates? ②get over ... "以……恢復(fù)過來"。如: Hope you can get over the illness soon. 【短語2】put up 【點(diǎn)撥】put up意為"修建,搭起"。如: Within a few years, many new houses were put up along the river. The museum was put up in 1924. 【上層樓】put up還可意為"舉起(手)；掛上,張貼；留……住宿"。如: Who knows the answer? Put up your hand please. All kinds of notices are put up on the board. You shouldn’t have put up a stranger, when you are alone at home. 熱點(diǎn)語法聚焦 ●◆■現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是高考的?？键c(diǎn)之一,它易與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)混淆。本期我們主要介紹一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法及其與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法 1. 表示繼續(xù) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示繼續(xù)意義旨在說明過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也就是說從過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如: We have talked on the Internet since a year ago. Our class have prepared for the party all this week. 注意:表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)多與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。 常用的這類時(shí)間狀語有:for + 時(shí)間段,since ＋時(shí)間點(diǎn),how long, lately, always, all day, until now, up to now, recently等。 2. 表示經(jīng)驗(yàn) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以說明從過去到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn),即從過去到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情。如: I have been to New York three times. I have taught English in a primary school before. 3. 表示完成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有時(shí)意為"剛做完……"或"做完了……",表示過去開始的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束。如: I’ve just finished watching the movie. My mother has just gone to Changsha. 4. 表示結(jié)果 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。如: Electricity(電)has made our life colorful. I have lost my wallet. 注意:表示結(jié)果的完成時(shí)往往不必用時(shí)間狀語。 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)重在說明現(xiàn)在的情況,表示過去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；一般過去時(shí)則只涉及過去的行為或狀態(tài)本身。所以說話人要表達(dá)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同,要用的時(shí)態(tài)就不同。 試比較: Have you had your lunch?(側(cè)重現(xiàn)在的情況) Did you have your lunch?(強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的行為) The old man has lived in Beijing for over 20 years. (那個(gè)老人現(xiàn)在還活著,現(xiàn)在還住在北京或者剛離開) The old man lived in Beijing for over 20 years. (那個(gè)老人現(xiàn)在已故去)