2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題（1）學(xué)案 外研版必修4.doc

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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題（1）學(xué)案 外研版必修4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主要有以下幾種情況：從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式 (be 的過去式用were)would(could/should/might)動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had動(dòng)詞過去分詞would(could/should/might)have過去分詞與將來事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過去式/should動(dòng)詞原形/were to動(dòng)詞原形would(could/should/might)動(dòng)詞原形 If she knew English，she wouldnt ask me for help. 如果她懂英語(yǔ)的話，她不會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹?If I were you，I would go to hospital. 如果我是你，我會(huì)去醫(yī)院的。 If I had known her number，I would have called her. 如果我知道她的電話號(hào)碼的話，我就給她打電話了。 If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。 注意：(1)在書面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，助動(dòng)詞had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Were it necessary，I might resign. 如果需要的話，我可以辭職。 Should they have patience，they could do the work well. 如果他們有耐心的話，他們就可能把這項(xiàng)工作做好。 Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams. 他當(dāng)時(shí)要是學(xué)習(xí)努力點(diǎn)的話，就會(huì)通過這些考試了。 Were she to move right now，she would get there on Sunday. 她要是馬上動(dòng)身的話，星期天就可以到那兒了。 (2)當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你剛才接受我的建議，你現(xiàn)在會(huì)好些。 If you had studied hard before，you would be college student now. 如果你從前努力學(xué)習(xí)，你現(xiàn)在會(huì)是一名大學(xué)生。 無“條件”虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子 無“條件”是指沒有if或I wish等引起表?xiàng)l件的句子，而是用其他形式表現(xiàn)出來，如介詞、形容詞、名詞、代詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞、從句或上下文等。常用來表示“無條件”的詞有：with；without，but for，or，but，otherwise，even，in case of，what if(如果將如何/倘若)。 But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. 要不是你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功的。 She wasnt feeling well，otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不會(huì)那么早離開會(huì)場(chǎng)的。 Given more time，we would do it better. 再給些時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。 用于賓語(yǔ)從句中 (1)用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用were或動(dòng)詞的過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反，用had過去分詞或would/could have done；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would/should (could，might)動(dòng)詞原形。 I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一起去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那時(shí)她要是聽我的話就好了。 (2)用在表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見的動(dòng)詞有：suggest，advise，propose，mand，request，insist，remend等，賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。 She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)訂座位。 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 他要求將一切告訴他。 注意：如果上述動(dòng)詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話人認(rèn)為是事實(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。比如，當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”解，insist不表“堅(jiān)決要求”，而作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 He insisted that he was not involved in the case. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己同那個(gè)案子沒有牽連。 (3)would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，為一般過去式，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?；過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的愿望。Frankly speaking，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)于此事什么也不要做。 I would rather I had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望昨天把這本書還了。 用在主語(yǔ)從句中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pitythat從句，從句中謂語(yǔ)要用should動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 Its suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.有人建議應(yīng)將老人立即送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。 Its a pity that he (should) be so careless. 很遺憾，他竟這么粗心。 用在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中 advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，remendation等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)要用should動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 He give an order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。 Their desire was that a treaty (should) be signed at once. 他們的愿望是馬上簽訂協(xié)約。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if (as though)，even if (even though)從句中 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他說起來好像全知道似的。 Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem. 即使他在這里，也解決不了這個(gè)問題。 1(xx年福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing petition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 【解析】句意為：要沒有我英語(yǔ)老師的幫助，我不會(huì)在英語(yǔ)寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法，根據(jù)句意，可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式，而本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 2. (xx年浙江卷)The doctor remended that you_swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 【解析】 句意為：醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽餐之后游泳。remend后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“(should)do”。 【答案】D 3. (xx年安徽卷)But for their help，we_the program in time. Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished 【解析】句意為：如果不是他們的幫助，我們就不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意，選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。 【答案】D 4. (xx年天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight 【解析】句意為：這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了，我們保修。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示將來時(shí)間的條件句有三種，就此句而言，應(yīng)為：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 【答案】B 5. (xx年山東卷)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you. Acan manage Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have managed 【解析】句意為：感謝你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的勞動(dòng)，我們不可能做成。without you表達(dá)的是“如果沒有你艱苦工作的話”，結(jié)合句子前后內(nèi)容，本題表達(dá)的是與過去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以選擇B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 6. (xx年全國(guó)卷)_he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. AIf BSince CThough DWhen 【解析】考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句用if.had done，主句用.would/could have done.。 【答案】A 7. (xx年山東卷)They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 【解析】本題考查混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本題前面部分是事實(shí)，后半句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 【答案】B 8. (xx年全國(guó)卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday. Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合前面的remembers可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此用一般過去時(shí)。 【答案】D 9. (xx年福建卷)If it were not for the fact that she_sing，I would invite her to the party. Acouldnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dmight not 【解析】fact后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，用于對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋。她不會(huì)唱歌是一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。cant意為“不會(huì)”，表示不具備某種能力。 【答案】C 10. (xx年湖北卷)_ fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be 【解析】這道題是虛擬條件句的倒裝。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were，should或had時(shí)，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。句意為“即使你被解雇了，醫(yī)療保障和其他福利也不會(huì)受到影響”。 【答案】B 1(xx年濰坊檢測(cè))The order came that the medical supplies_to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. Awould be sent Bshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order，suggest，mand等)后面接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo，should可以省略。 【答案】C 2(xx年福建四地六校第三次聯(lián)考)The headmaster remended that we_to school on time for the afternoon English reading. Ahad e Bwould e Ce Dcame 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在此，remend表“建議，勸告”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，且should可以省略。 【答案】C 3(xx年皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Without the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Speaking petition. Awould win Bwould have won Cwould not win Dwould not have won 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這是一個(gè)隱含虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，故用與過去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。 【答案】D 4(xx年長(zhǎng)春第一次調(diào)研)It is required that the students_mobile phones in their school，so seldom_them using one. Ashould not use；you will see Bnot use；will you see Cmustnt use；will you see Dnot use；you will see 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝語(yǔ)序。英語(yǔ)中表示命令、建議或要求的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞，位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 【答案】B 5(xx年海淀一模)If you_to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim. Oh，what a pity! Acame Bhad e Cwould e Dwould have e 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)意分析，這是非真實(shí)條件句中對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might have done，條件句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 6. (xx年日照二模)“If I_taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict. Adidnt start Bhavent started Chadnt started Dshouldnt start 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此題是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，從句是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，主句指說話時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 【答案】C 7. (xx年福建檢測(cè))I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain. What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I_it. Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt miss Cdidnt miss Dhadnt missed 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句為過去完成時(shí)，所以主句用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 【答案】A 8. (xx年南通二模)Sorry indeed，I_to your birthday party if. Forget it.I know you were out on business. Amust e Bwould e Cmust have e Dwould have e 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，if后面省略了過去完成時(shí) (補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might have done結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選D項(xiàng)。 【答案】D 9. (xx年合肥三模)It is required in some colleges that lights in studentsdorms_off by 11 oclock. Abe switched Bwould switch Cshould switch Dmust be switched 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在“It is vital/necessary/important/strange/unusual/natural/surprising/suggested/required/orderedthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should)do的形式，而switch off與lights之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【答案】A 10. (xx年合肥二模)Did you make it at last? Yes.But for your help，it_a serious loss. Awould cause Bmust have caused Cwould have caused Dmay cause 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：你們最后成功了嗎？成功了，要不是你的幫助，我們的損失就大了。but for.要不是。 【答案】C 11. (xx年濰坊一模)How I wish I_my mouth before I shouted at my mum! Ashut Bhave shut Chad shut Dwould shut 【解析】該題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)楹竺媸沁^去時(shí)，故此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，要用過去完成時(shí)。 【答案】C 12. (xx年青島一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad. I would rather you_at home. Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；stayed Dwent；stay 【解析】suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時(shí)，從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。 【答案】C 13. (xx年?yáng)|北三校第二次聯(lián)考)Why do you look so upset? I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her. Acare Bcared Chad cared Dhad been cared 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done的形式。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】C 14(xx年?yáng)|北三校第一次聯(lián)考)Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam，or I_earlier. Aarrived B have arrived Cwould arrive Dwould have arrived 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答語(yǔ)的意思是“我遇到交通堵塞了，否則我本來可以早一點(diǎn)到的”。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早點(diǎn)到達(dá)，因此此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam，I would have arrived earlier.”。 【答案】D 15(xx年南昌二模)Why didnt you buy the gold ring? I_，but I didnt have the money. Awould have Bbought Cwould like to Dhad bought 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。上文問的是沒有買的理由，下文自然是對(duì)過去的事情的原因的陳述，but I didnt have the money給出的是事實(shí)，換句話說，如果有錢的話，“我”就會(huì)買。所以選A。此處可以變形為：I would have bought it if I had had the money. 【答案】A