2161 156FM凸輪軸調節(jié)叉加工工藝及夾具設計

2161 156FM凸輪軸調節(jié)叉加工工藝及夾具設計,fm,凸輪軸,調節(jié),調理,加工,工藝,夾具,設計 寧波大紅鷹學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯所在學院： 機電學院 班 級： 08 機自 1 班 姓 名： 錢煜龍 學 號： 08141010116 指導教師： 楊豫新 合作導師： 2011 年 9 月 20 日1原文：題目 Comprehensive Application of Several Advanced Techniques in Formulation Engineering Procedure of Mechanical ManufacturingAbstract：This paper introduced the basic methods of using GT and CAPP in formulation engineering procedure of mechanical manufacturing，put forward Viewpoints: take PDM system’s integrated framework ，combine Auto CAD with CAPP，making the developing platform of CAPP develop towards uniform.Key words：Group technology GT； CAPP software； PDM technologyIn recent years, with the improvement of computer and network technology and application software’s development and promotion, more and more company used a variety of application software systems to improve producing design and production level and work efficiency. How to further improve (or an organic integration) used by the applications, and how to solve using a single application of the system functions when incompatibility issues, these will become the focus of attention of many to use side. In this paper, take the preparation of mechanisms for process planning for example, briefly describing and analyzing the current application of several advanced technologies’ basic method and its integrated applications, and discussing how to achieve computer-aided process design and software development platform for CAPP to a unified development. 1. Group Technology(GT)Group technology (GT) is to wide a variety of various single-piece and small batch production of spare parts, and according to its shape structure, technical requirements, processing methods of the similarity of the parts is divided into several groups. Then choose a representative part (which can actually exist, and also some of the hypothetical, but must include all parts of the processing group elements)in the selected parts of each group. According to the representative part of this process to develop a typical order and we select and design a set of machine tools and process equipment. And we unite them with a special construction section or workshop. When the processing of an object become from one part into another part within the same group, due to the similar of technical requirements, structure, process, you do not change the processing method and processing equipment, and even controlling the cam, block railways and industrial fixtures are do not change. It is simply to make adjustments, will be processing [1,2]. According to production organize components into groups, we accord the parts of the structural characteristics, process characteristics and processing equipment characteristics to group, classification and code for each of the components, and then establish the typical components of each type of library and the processing technology of group library. Processing technology to develop parts in groups of two ways: 1) The virtual part method. In a parts group, the first we design a part of this group which can contain all the geometrical features of the virtual part, and require the tribe owns the processing of all the parts needed for processing the surface. Then we press the virtual part to technological design. That is the group technology of group parts. 2) The composite process route method. Firstly , we find a the most complicated structure, the longest part of process lines represented in the part family, and then join in the other parts which is 2representative and not processes in the family. Obtain a whole family to meet the processing requirements of complex parts process route. 2. Computer aided process planning CAPP [3] 1 CAPP technology overview and the role of advanced manufacturing mode Machinery manufacturing process design is the most active factor of the production activities. It with production and business types, product mix, process equipment, production technology and technical management of the level of internal factors has inextricably linked. Process design is a strong empirical, technically demanding, a wide involving range of integrated disciplines. It is the bridge from design to product and an important position in the machinery manufacturing work occupies. It is changed by the time, places, conditions and other factors changed. For a long time, the working practices were prepared using the traditional manual method. As market competition intensifies and social needs diverse and individualized, making mechanical and electrical industry increasingly to multi-species, small quantities of direction. So does electrical equipment. Process design manual mode of operation neither meets the changing requirements of modern production breeds, nor matches with advanced means of production and management system. With the improvement and popularization of computer applications and the development of group technology, computer-aided process design techniques have emerged to become a modern process design and process management a powerful tool. CAPP development and research was begun from the last century began in the late sixties. In the field of manufacturing automation, CAPP' s development in terms of relative CAD and CAM is the latest part. The world's first study of CAPP countries are Norway in 1969, and in 1969 Norway launched the world's first a CAPP system AUTOPROS; in 1973, Norway officially launched the commercialization of AUTO PROS system. In the CAPP history , a landmark of the CAM-I introduced CAMI'S Automated process planning system in 1976. We use the first letter of prefix, called the CAPP system. Currently, although there are different interpretations of law about the acronym CAPP, called the Computer-Aided Process Planning as CAPP has become the accepted interpretation. With the level of machine production technology development and market demanding, Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) as the bridge of connectivity product design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) links product design and production management (MRPII / ERP), and organize production and ensure product quality, improve labor productivity, shorten production cycles resulted in more and more direct impact. Replacing the CAPP to the traditional process design has become a necessity and the importance of its machinery manufacturing industry, reflected in the following points: (l) it liberates the people of the original design, and make new products, new processes and new technology development. (2) It shortens the design cycle to ensure design quality, and increase market competitiveness. (3)It has strong inheritance standardization process design and optimization is improved. (4) It is a key link to achieve the integration of CAD and CAM manufacturing systems and establishing in CIMS. 2 Computer-Aided Process Design Objectives and Scope 2.1 CAPP application status in China Computer-aided process design is not only a connecting bridge between CAD and CAM, but also one of the technical bases in a number of advanced manufacturing systems. After the inception of CAPP technology, its research and development work has been booming at home and abroad, and it 3gradually attracted more and more attention. [1] From then on, at home and abroad in the CAPP technology research and system development people has invested a lot of money and manpower in the CAPP technology research and system development , and they has developed a large number of CAPP systems. In the developed CAPP system, some systems have been the practical application, and a few have been commercialized. But, CAPP research and development have serious deviations. From the application point of view, it has been made of the actual benefits and do not commensurate with the strength of inputs: the focus of research at home and abroad and present a far cry from the actual demand. Manifested as follows: to develop more, the application less; development of multi-input, application maintenance almost no input; prototype system more than the practical application of the system to be less; commodity systems are few and insufficiency; with CAD, CAN, MIS (Management Information System, Management Information Systems), PDM and other related computer-aided technique compared to the gap is quite big. The reason is mainly manifested in: First of all, goals of CAPP research and development has great one-sided that the pursuit of process automation of over-generation. In fact, the process design is a very complex process, involving a large number of complex elements, and the problems of the technological aspects are uncertain. And this determines the automated generalization CAPP is also impossible. Secondly, CAPP System is too narrow in scope. Research and development of CAPP does not research product CAPP application and integration issues from the perspective of the entire, and neglect of process management functions. In the enterprise, all production activities have been launched around the product structures, and a product of the production process is actually all the attributes of this product generation process. Therefore, only product-based CAPP system adapts to the structure of enterprise production environment. Third, the companies have an inadequate attention for CAPP practicality and easy using, and a lot of CAPP system fills in a purely word-processing card, or a simple database interface. It does not meet the technology staff habits and fails to improve efficiency. Fourth, the lacks of process data management capabilities just fill out a card craft a tool, rather than process data platform. From the enterprise management perspective, other types of fixed statistical summary of features (tooling equipment, materials and accessories and spare parts, working hours) and different versions of a variety of products (in various stages of process documentation and tooling, tools, document archiving and changes to other products process management) occupies an important position; business processes spend much of staff time on process the data summary statistics, such as duplication of work completed. It is not only inefficient, but also difficult to process information and documents to ensure accuracy, consistency. Fill-style craft card software can not meet that these very important process data management. 2.2 CAPP Computer Aided Process Design Objectives and Scope According to CAPP development and application of the above analysis, it not only is necessary to fit China's current situation, but also take into account the needs of development and do not sacrifice. One more important thing is to play good for the system integration role as a bridge and prevent unnecessary rework. It should be done to the following points: (1) process is designed to guide enterprise basic information. For them to optimize production and operation, you must optimize the 4process information first. So CAPP must provide the production and operation optimization, norms, standards, process information for laying the foundation about business production and optimal operation. (2) At present, 95% enterprises of Chinese use the general machine tools, so the development of CAPP must read the output of the current business process of order, process or operation of the card manually, as well as relevant technical documents. (3) CAPP has to provide technical information system and management information systems (MRP) necessary to machine information, which can meet the plant computer systems data sharing, and system integration requirements. 3. CAPP trends Process of domestic enterprises due to the diversity of programming standards, resulting in the current CAPP software development standards are not uniform .It’s resulting in CAPP software and CAD / CAM software compatible with the difficulties. So, the CAPP will be a unified software development, and it platforms for the future development trend. Product Data Management PDM (Product Data Management) technology as an emerging technology, it appears for people to open a new way of thinking. With PDM system as the integration framework, the existing traditional applications such as Auto CAD and CAPP organic integration, when CAD、 CAPP system will become an integral part for product development of the general context. PDM system not only manages the product from structural design to process design and the resulting need all the information, but also provides a unified coding standard the structure of the product design to process design; it becomes smoother flow of information to ensure and share the unity of the data. 4. Conclusion PDM system connects CAPP and CAD/CAM systems, and it is the key technologies of the development of computer integrated manufacturing. With the development and advanced manufacturing technology of scientific and technological, enterprise will be further development and application of PDM systems. It not only solves the difficulties of compatible CAPP software and CAD / CAM software effectively, but also improves the application level and efficiency of CAPP and CAD / CAM system. It lays a solid foundation to follow-up to the implementation of PDM and ERP, and realizes the standardization, systematic, information technology of technology sector gradually. It improves the economic efficiency of production and provides a strong guarantee for product development of the enterprises. References [1] Zhang Shi Chang. Machinery Manufacturing technology base [M]. Tianjin: Tian Jin University Press, 2002. [2] Wei Jian Mei. Structural parts manufacturing technology [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002. [3] GAN Ren Chu. The organization and management of information resources [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2005 5譯文：題目 編制機械制造工藝規(guī)程中幾種先進技術的綜合應用 摘要：介紹了編制機制工藝規(guī)程中應用成組工藝GT和CAPP的基本方法，提出以PDM系統作為集成框架，將傳統應用軟件Auto CAD與CAPP進行有機集成，使CAPP軟件的開發(fā)平臺趨向統一的發(fā)展方向。關鍵詞：成組工藝 GT； CAPP 軟件； PDM 技術近年來，隨著計算機及網絡技術的不斷發(fā)展和應用軟件的開發(fā)推廣，越來越多的企業(yè)已經使用各種應用軟件系統提高產品的設計生產水平和工作效率。但是怎樣進一步完善( 或有機地集成) 所使用的應用軟件，如何解決使用單個應用軟件時出現的系統功能的不兼容問題，便成為許多使用方關注的焦點。本文以編制機制工藝規(guī)程為例，簡要介紹和分析目前應用的幾種先進技術的基本方法及其綜合應用，并討論使計算機輔助工藝設計與CAPP軟件的開發(fā)平臺趨向統一的發(fā)展方向。一、成組工藝GT成組工藝GT(Group Technology)是把品種繁多的各種單件小批量生產的零件，根據其外形結構、技術要求、加工方法的相似性，把零件分成若干組，在每一組零件中選出一個代表性零件(可以是實際存在的，也可是假想的，但須包括組內所有零件的加工要素)，根據這個代表零件制定出典型的工藝規(guī)程，選定和設計一組機床及工藝設備，并把它們組成一個專門的工段或車間。當加工對象由一種零件轉變?yōu)橥M內另一種零件時，由于技術要求、結構、工藝的相似，可以不改變加工方法和加工設備，甚至連控制用的凸輪、擋鐵及工夾具都不用更換，或者只需略做調整，便可加工生產 [1，2] 。按成組方式組織零件生產時，按零件的結構特征、工藝特征與加工設備特征，將各零件進行分組、歸類與編碼，然后建立每類零件的典型圖庫和成組加工工藝庫。制定零件成組加工工藝的方法有兩種: 1) 虛擬零件法。在一個零件組中，先設計一個能夠包含這組零件全部幾何特征的虛擬零件，要求其擁有這個加工族中全部零件需要加工的表面，然后按這個虛擬零件進行工藝設計，即為該組零件的成組工藝。2) 復合工藝路線法。在零件族內先找出一個結構最復雜、工藝路線最長的零件作為代表，然后將族內其他零件中有代表性而沒有工序的也加入進去，從而獲得一條滿足全族零件加工要求的復合工藝路線。二、計算機輔助工藝設計CAPP [3]1 CAPP技術的發(fā)展概況與在先進制造模式中的作用機械制造中的工藝設計是企業(yè)生產活動中最活躍的因素，它與企業(yè)的生產類型、產品結構、工藝裝備、生產技術及企業(yè)內部的技術管理水平等因素有著密不可分的聯系。工藝設計是一門經驗性強、技術要求高、涉及面廣的綜合性學科。它是從設計到產品的橋梁，在機械制造工作中占有重要地位。它因時間、場合、條件等多方面因素的改變而改變。長期以來，工作手法都采用傳統的手工編制方式。隨著市場競爭的加劇和社會需求的多樣化、個性化，使得機電行業(yè)越來越向多品種，少批量的方向發(fā)展，電機制造也是如此。工藝設計的手工作業(yè)方式已不能適應現代生產品種多變的要求，也不能與先進的生產手段、管理體制相匹配。隨著計算機應用的普及和提高以及成組技術的發(fā)展，計算機輔助工藝設計技術應運而生，成為現代工藝設計和工藝管理的強有力工具。CAPP的開發(fā)、研制是從上個世紀六十年代末開始的，在制造自動化領域，CAPP的發(fā)展相對6CAD和CAM而言是最遲的部分。世界上最早研究CAPP的國家是挪威，始于1969年，并于1969年正式推出世界上第一個CAPP系統AUTOPROS；1973年正式推出商品化的AUTO PROS系統。在CA PP發(fā)展史上具有里程碑意義的是CAM-I于1976 年推出的CAMI’S Automated process planning系統。取其字首的第一個字母，稱為CAPP系統。目前對CAPP這個縮寫法雖然還有不同的解釋，但把CAPP稱為計算機輔助工藝設計已經成為公認的釋義。隨著機械制造生產技術水平的發(fā)展及市場需求，計算機輔助工藝設計(CAPP)作為連接產品設計(CAD)與制造(CAM)的橋梁，以及連接產品設計與生產管理 (MRPII/ERP)的重要紐帶，對組織生產，保證產品質量，提高勞動生產率，縮短生產周期等產生了越來越直接的影響。用CAPP代替?zhèn)鹘y的工藝設計已成為必然，它對機械制造業(yè)的重要意義表現在下列幾點:(l)解放出原有設計人員，進行新產品、新工藝和新技術的開發(fā)。(2)縮短設計周期，保證設計質量，提高產品的市場競爭能力。(3)繼承性強，工藝設計的標準化和最優(yōu)化得到提高。( 4 )是實現CAD與CAM的集成制造系統和建立CIMS的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。2 計算機輔助工藝設計的目標與范圍2.1 CAPP在我國的應用現狀計算機輔助工藝設計作為連接CAD與CAM的橋梁，也是許多先進制造系統的技術基礎之一。CAPP技術從它誕生以來，其研究開發(fā)工作一直在國內外蓬勃發(fā)展，而且逐漸引起越來越多的人們的重視。 [1]迄今為止，國內外在CAPP技術研究與系統開發(fā)已投入大量的資金與人力，已開發(fā)出為數眾多的CAPP系統。在所開發(fā)的CAPP系統中，有些系統已得到實際應用，少數已商品化。但總的來看，CAPP的研究、開發(fā)方向存在嚴重的偏差。從應用角度看，已取得的實際效益和投入的力量很不相稱:國內外的重點研究方向和當前的實際需求相去甚遠。表現在:開發(fā)多，應用少；開發(fā)投入多，應用維護幾乎無投入；原型系統多，得到實際生產應用的系統較少；商品系統很少，而且功能不足；同CAD、CAN、MIS(Management Information System，管理信息系統)、PDM等相關計算機輔助技術相比，差距相當大。其原因主要表現在： [2]首先，CAPP研究與開發(fā)的目標具有很大的片面性，即過于追求工藝過程的自動化生成。實際上，工藝設計是一個非常復雜的過程，涉及到大量錯綜復雜的西素，而且工藝方面的很多問題是不確定的，這決定了自動化的CAPP還做不到通用化。其次，CAPP系統的應用范圍過于狹窄，CAPP的研究與開發(fā)缺乏從整個產品的角度研究CAPP的應用和集成問題，而且忽視工藝管理功能。在企業(yè)中，所有生產活動都是圍繞著產品結構而展開的，一個產品的生產過程實際上就是這個產品所有屬性的生成過程。因此，只有基于產品結構的CAPP系統才能適應企業(yè)的生產環(huán)境。第三，對CAPP的實用性、易用性重視不夠，很多CAPP系統采用純粹的字處理方式填寫卡片，或是簡單的數據庫界面，做不到“所見及所得”，不符合工藝人員的工作習慣，達不到提高效率的目的。第四，工藝數據管理能力不足，僅僅是一個填寫工藝卡片的工具，而不是工藝數據平臺。從企業(yè)管理角度來看，工裝設備、材料及輔料、外協件、工時定額等各類統計匯總功能，各種產品各個階段不同版本的工藝文件和工裝、工具文件的歸檔與更改等產品工藝管理工作，占有十分重要的地位；企業(yè)工藝人員的很大部分時間用于工藝數據的匯總統計、重復填寫等工作上，不僅效率低，而且很難保證工藝信息及文件的準確性、一致性?？ㄆ顚懯降墓に囓浖⒉荒軡M足這些非常重要的工藝數據管理工作 [3]。2.2 CAPP計算機輔助工藝設計的目標與范圍根據以上分析CAPP的開發(fā)應用既要適合我國目前的國情，也要考慮發(fā)展的需要，絕不能顧此失彼，更重要的是要為系統的集成起好橋梁作用，防止不必要的返工，為此應該做到以下幾點：(1)工藝設計是指導企業(yè)經營的基礎信息，要使企業(yè)生產經營優(yōu)化，必須首先優(yōu)化工藝信息，所以CAPP必須提供企業(yè)生產經營的優(yōu)化、規(guī)范、標準的工藝信息，為企業(yè)生產、經營優(yōu)化運行打下基礎。(2)目前我國95%的企業(yè)使用的還是普通機床，CAPP的開發(fā)必須輸出目前企業(yè)人7工閱讀的工藝規(guī)程、工序卡片或操作卡片，以及有關的工藝文件。(3)CAPP必須提供技術信息系統與管理信息系統(MRP)所必須的機內信息，這些信息能符合全廠計算機系統數據共享、系統集成的要求。三、CAPP的發(fā)展趨勢由于國內企業(yè)工藝編程規(guī)范的多樣性，造成現有CAPP軟件開發(fā)標準的不統一，從而導致了CAPP軟件與CAD/CAM軟件的兼容困難。因而，CAPP軟件開發(fā)平臺的趨向統一是未來的發(fā)展趨勢。產品數據管理PDM(Product Data Management)技術作為一門新興的技術，它的出現為人們打開了新的思路。以PDM系統作為集成框架，將已有的傳統應用軟件Auto CAD和CAPP等進行有機的集成，這時CAD、CAPP系統就會成為產品開發(fā)總環(huán)境下的有機組成部分。PDM系統不僅管理了產品從結構設計到工藝設計所需要的和所產生的全部信息，并為產品的結構設計到工藝設計提供了統一的編碼標準； 因而使信息流動更加通暢，保證了數據的統一和共享。四、結束語PDM系統是連接CAPP及CAD/CAM系統的橋梁，是發(fā)展計算機集成制造的關鍵技術。隨著科學技術的發(fā)展和先進制造技術的應用，企業(yè)進一步開發(fā)和應用PDM系統，不僅可以較好地解決CAPP軟件與CAD/CAM軟件的兼容困難，而且可以提高CAPP及CAD/CAM系統的應用水平及效率，為PDM及ERP的后續(xù)實施打下堅實基礎，并逐步實現工藝技術部門的規(guī)范化、系統化、信息化，為企業(yè)提高產品開發(fā)生產的經濟效益提供強有力的保證。參考文獻[1] 張世昌. 機械制造技術基礎[M] . 天津: 天津大學出版社，2002.[2] 魏鑒梅. 結構件制造技術[M] . 北京: 科學出版社，2002.[3] 甘仞初. 信息資源的組織與管理[M] .北京: 機械工業(yè)出版社，2005