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摘 要
以內(nèi)燃機在作為動力的機械傳動汽車中，離合器是作為一個獨立的總成而存在的。離合器通常裝在發(fā)動機與變速器之間，其主動部分與發(fā)動機飛輪相連，從動部分與變速器相連。為各類型汽車所廣泛采用的摩擦離合器，實際上是一種依靠其主、從動部分間的摩擦來傳遞動力且能分離的機構(gòu)。離合器的主要功用是切斷和實現(xiàn)發(fā)動機與傳動系平順的接合，確保汽車平穩(wěn)起步；在換擋時將發(fā)動機與傳動系分離，減少變速器中換檔齒輪間的沖擊；在工作中受到較大的動載荷時，能限制傳動系所承受的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，以防止傳動系個零部件因過載而損壞；有效地降低傳動系中的振動和噪音。
本車設(shè)計采用單片螺旋彈簧離合器。本車采用的摩擦式離合器是因為其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，可靠性強，維修方便，目前大多數(shù)汽車都采用這種形式的離合器。而采用干式離合器是因為濕式離合器大多是多盤式離合器，用于需要傳遞較大轉(zhuǎn)矩的離合器，而該車型不在此列。采用螺旋彈簧離合器是因為螺旋彈簧離合器具有很多優(yōu)點：首先，由于螺旋彈簧具有非線性特性，因此可設(shè)計成當(dāng)摩擦片磨損后，彈簧壓力幾乎可以保持不變，且可減輕分離離合器時的踏板力，使操縱輕便；其次，螺旋彈簧的安裝位置對離合器軸的中心線是對的，因此其壓力實際上不受離心力的影響，性能穩(wěn)定，平衡性也好；再者，螺旋彈簧本身兼起壓緊彈簧和分離杠桿的作用，使離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化，零件數(shù)目減少，質(zhì)量減小并顯著地縮短了其軸向尺寸；另外，由于螺旋彈簧與壓盤是以整個圓周接觸，使壓力分布均勻，摩擦片的接觸良好，磨損均勻，也易于實現(xiàn)良好的散熱通風(fēng)等。由于螺旋彈簧離合器具有上述一系列的優(yōu)點，并且制造螺旋彈簧的工藝水平也在不斷地提高，因而這種離合器在轎車及微型、輕型客車上已得到廣泛的采用，而且逐漸擴(kuò)展到載貨汽車上。從動盤選擇單片式從動盤是一位其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，調(diào)整方便。壓盤驅(qū)動方式采用傳動片式是因為其沒有太明顯的缺點且簡化了結(jié)構(gòu)，降低了裝配要求又有利于壓盤定中。選擇拉式離合器是因為其較拉式離合器零件數(shù)目更少，結(jié)構(gòu)更簡化，軸向尺寸更小，質(zhì)量更小；并且分離杠桿較大，使其踏板操縱力較輕。
關(guān)鍵字：螺旋彈簧離合器 螺旋彈簧 離合器 摩擦片 減振盤
Abstract
To the internal combustion engine as the driving force in the mechanical transmission car, the clutch is the assembly as an independent existence. Clutch is usually packed in between the engine and transmission, the active part connected with the engine flywheel, driven in part connected with the transmission. For various types of motor vehicles is widely used in friction clutch, in fact, is a kind of rely on their owners, driven in part to friction between the transmission power can separate agencies. The main function of the clutch is cut off and the engine and transmission system to achieve smooth joint, to ensure that a smooth start; in the shift will be separated from the engine and power train to reduce the transmission of shocks between the gear shift; in its work by the larger dynamic load when the transmission system to limit the burden of the maximum torque to prevent the powertrain components of the damage due to overload; effectively reduce the transmission lines of the vibration and noise.
The design uses a single car coil spring clutch. The car used clutch friction because of its simple structure, reliability, maintenance convenience, the majority of vehicles currently using this form of clutch. The use of dry-type clutch is because most of the wet clutch is a multi-disc clutch, for the need for greater torque transmission clutch, and the model is not included. The use of coil spring coil spring clutch because the clutch has many advantages: First, the coil spring has nonlinear characteristics, it can be designed to wear when the friction plate, the spring pressure can be maintained almost unchanged, and reduce the separation of the clutch pedal at the time of ability to manipulate light; Secondly, the coil spring on the installation location of the centerline of the clutch shaft is right, so the pressure is not in fact the effects of centrifugal force, stable performance, or balance; In addition, the coil spring itself, and from compress the spring and split the role of leverage, so that greatly simplified the structure of the clutch, spare parts to reduce the number, quality and significantly reduced to reduce the size of its axial; In addition, as a result of coil spring and the pressure plate contacts the entire circumference, so that the pressure distribution, good contacts with friction plate, wear uniform, but also easy to achieve good heat ventilation. As the spiral spring clutch with a series of advantages of the above, and coil spring manufacturing process has been to raise the level, so that the clutch in the car and micro, light bus has been widely used, and gradually extended to the cargo vehicle . Follower plate choice of single-chip set is a follower of its simple structure, convenient adjustment. Platen drive transmission chip used is not too much because of its obvious shortcomings and to simplify the structure, assembly requirements and reduces the pressure plate will be in favor of. Pull-type clutch choice because of its parts than the number of pull-type clutch less, more streamlined structure, the axial size smaller, the quality of even smaller; and a greater separation of the lever so that it is relatively small pedal manipulation.
Keywords: spiral spring clutch coil spring clutch friction plate
vibration plate