0004-春卷自動成型生產(chǎn)線上包裝成型部分的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計【全套4張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書】
0004-春卷自動成型生產(chǎn)線上包裝成型部分的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計【全套4張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書】,全套4張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書,春卷,自動,成型,生產(chǎn)線,包裝,部分,部份,機械,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,全套,cad,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,說明書,仿單
春卷自動成型生產(chǎn)線上包裝成型部分的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計
The design of the manipulator on the shell
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目 錄
內(nèi)容摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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Abstract．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
II
第一部分 工藝流程設(shè)計與工作原理 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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1. 概述 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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2. 工藝流程設(shè)計方案考慮因素．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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3. 工藝流程方案確定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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4. 工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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第二部分 各部分設(shè)計及參數(shù)確定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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一， 翻板傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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1.主傳動軸傳動機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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2. B.C翻板傳動機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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3. A翻板傳動機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計標(biāo)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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二， 翻板運動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與計算
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1. 翻板運動控制系統(tǒng)工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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2. 圓柱凸輪機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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3. B.C翻板運動控制機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計標(biāo)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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4. A翻板運動控制機構(gòu)設(shè)計與計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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三，翻板的設(shè)計與計算
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1. A翻板的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與參數(shù)確定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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2. B.C翻板的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與參數(shù)確定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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3. A.B.C翻板的固定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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四，春卷滑道的設(shè)計
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第三部分 動力傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
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參考文獻(xiàn)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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附錄：開題報告(數(shù)據(jù)報告) ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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致謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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內(nèi)容摘要：為滿足市場不斷增大的春卷需求量，同時看到目前春卷生產(chǎn)的手工操作效率低，勞動力支出大，衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低的情況。我們旨在設(shè)計制造一條效率高，確保衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的全自動春卷生產(chǎn)流水線，就理論而言，本機生產(chǎn)速度是每小時1000個春卷。
本機采用了不完全齒輪機構(gòu)嚴(yán)格保證翻板翻折春卷間歇運動實現(xiàn)，以圓柱凸輪機構(gòu)實現(xiàn)齒條的往復(fù)直線運動，從而帶動與之齒合的齒輪，完成翻板軸的轉(zhuǎn)動。本機主要部件均有較高的可調(diào)性，方便安裝調(diào)試，并為加快生產(chǎn)速度提供便利條件，使之更具市場競爭力。
本機結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，安裝方便，采用行星擺線針輪減速口，實現(xiàn)大減速比，傳動效率高，沖擊震動小。
本機集機電氣一體化，設(shè)計方法獨特，全部過程模擬手工成型操作，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，動作準(zhǔn)確協(xié)調(diào)。
本機采用不銹鋼外殼，外形美觀，且保證生產(chǎn)過程符合食品衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，整機體積小巧，重量輕，符合一般生產(chǎn)廠家要求。
Abstract:To meet growing market demand for spring rolls, and at the same time to see the spring rolls production manual operation efficiency is low, Labour costs, low standard of hygiene. We aim to design and manufacture a high efficiency and ensure the hygienic standards for automatic spring roll production line, in terms of theory, the machine production speed is 1000 per hour spring rolls.
The machine adopts the incomplete gear mechanism strictly ensure the flap folding spring rolls intermittent movement, with cylindrical CAM mechanism to achieve the reciprocating linear motion of the rack, thus promote the teeth of gear, complete rotation axis turning. Main components in the machine has high adjustability, convenient installation and debugging, and provide convenient conditions to speed up the production, to make it more competitive market.
This machine structure is compact, easy installation, use the planet cycloidal pinwheel reduction, realize the big reduction ratio, high transmission efficiency, little vibration.
This machine integrates mechanical and electrical integration, unique design method, whole process simulation of manual molding operation, the structure is simple, accurate coordinate.
The machine adopts stainless steel shell, beautiful appearance, and ensure the production process in line with the food hygiene standards, small equipment volume, light weight, conform to the requirements of the general manufacturers.
II
液壓傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與計算(中文4300字,英文3600字)
1. 明確設(shè)計要求進(jìn)行工況分析
?? 在設(shè)計液壓系統(tǒng)時，首先應(yīng)明確以下問題，并將其作為設(shè)計依據(jù)。
??? 主機的用途、工藝過程、總體布局以及對液壓傳動裝置的位置和空間尺寸的要求；
主機對液壓系統(tǒng)的性能要求，如自動化程度、調(diào)速范圍、運動平穩(wěn)性、換向定位精度以及對系統(tǒng)的效率、溫升等的要求；液壓系統(tǒng)的工作環(huán)境，如溫度、濕度、振動沖擊以及是否有腐蝕性和易燃物質(zhì)存在等情況。
在上述工作的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)對主機進(jìn)行工況分析，工況分析包括運動分析和動力分析，對復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)還需編制負(fù)載和動作循環(huán)圖，由此了解液壓缸或液壓馬達(dá)的負(fù)載和速度隨時間變化的規(guī)律，以下對工況分析的內(nèi)容作具體介紹。
英文原文
Hydraulic actuation system design and computation
1. clearing about the design request to carry on the operating mode analysis.
?? When design hydraulic system below, first should be clear about the question, and takes it as the design basis.
?? Main engine use, technological process, overall layout as well as to hydraulic gear position and spatial size request; The main engine to the hydraulic system performance requirement, like the automaticity, the velocity modulation scope, the movement stability, the commutation pointing accuracy as well as the request which to the system efficiency, warm promotes; Hydraulic system working conditions, like temperature, humidity, vibration impact as well as whether has situation and so on corrosiveness and heat-sensitive material existence.
In in the above work foundation, should carry on the operating mode analysis to the main engine, the operating mode analysis including the movement analysis and the mechanical analysis, also must establish the load and the operating cycle chart to the complex system, from this understood the hydraulic cylinder or the oil motor load and the speed change as necessary the rule, below makes the concrete introduction to the operating mode analysis content
機械設(shè)計Mechanical Design(中文3500字,英文2300字)
機器是機構(gòu)與其他零件的組合，為了有益的用途而轉(zhuǎn)換、傳遞或利用能量、力或者運動實例有發(fā)動機、渦輪、車輛、卷揚機、印刷機、洗衣機和電影攝影機.許多適用于機器設(shè)計的原理和力法也適用于不是真正機器的制成品，從輪轂蓋和檔案櫥柜到儀表和核壓力容器。“機械設(shè)計”這一術(shù)語比“機器設(shè)計”更為廣義，它包括機器設(shè)計。而對于某些儀器，如用以確定熱、流動線路和體積的熱力以及流體方面的問題要單獨考慮。但是，在機械設(shè)計時要考慮運動和結(jié)構(gòu)方面的問題以及保存和封裝的規(guī)定。在機械工程領(lǐng)域以及其他工程領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用機械設(shè)計，都需要諸如開關(guān)、凸輪、閥門、容器和攪拌器等機械裝置。
關(guān)鍵詞：機械設(shè)計? 機構(gòu)?? 設(shè)計過程? 公差
附錄：外文翻譯
Abstract:?
A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits, or utilizes energy, force, or motion for a useful purpose. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines, from hub caps and filing cabinets to instruments and nuclear pressure vessels. The term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design. For some apparatus, the thermal and fluid aspects that determine the requirements of heat, flow path, and volume are separately considered. However, the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.?
Keywords: Mechanical Design?? mechanisms?? Design Process?? Tolerance
機械手模型設(shè)計及制作外文翻譯(中文3800字,英文2200字)
科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為我國工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展開辟了廣闊道路，而機械手作為一種高科技自動化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個領(lǐng)域，這就對我們的教育培訓(xùn)部門提出了新的要求。因此，為了適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展的形勢，在現(xiàn)有技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計一臺教學(xué)型機械手有著深遠(yuǎn)的科教意義。
本課題設(shè)計的教學(xué)型搬運機械手，主要包括機械手的總體方案設(shè)計、機械手的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計以及驅(qū)動、控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計等，實現(xiàn)了機械手手部的四自由度運動：手臂的升降、伸縮和手腕、手臂的回轉(zhuǎn)。設(shè)計中分析了教學(xué)型機械手的功能要求和現(xiàn)實意義，通過氣壓缸來實現(xiàn)手臂的升降和伸縮，采用回轉(zhuǎn)氣壓缸來實現(xiàn)手腕和手臂的回轉(zhuǎn)。設(shè)計的機械手結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、便于操作，在單片機的控制下完成預(yù)期的動作，能給學(xué)生以直觀的印象，達(dá)到教學(xué)演示的目的。
英文翻譯：
Robot hand model design and production
Scientific concept of development of engineering technology has opened up a broad road, while the robot as a high-tech automated production equipment, has been widely used in various fields of national economy, which the education and training sector of our proposed new requirements. Therefore, in order to adapt to the situation of social development, based on existing technology to design a teaching type robot science has far-reaching significance.?
The subject of design for teaching handling robots, mainly consists of robot's overall design, robot mechanical structure design, as well as drive, control system design, implementation of the manipulator hands of four degrees of freedom: the arm movements, stretching and wrist, arm, rotary. The design of the teaching function of mechanical hand requirements and practical significance, achieved by pneumatic cylinders push the arm movements and stretching,rotary pneumatic cylinders used to achieve arm and wrist rotation.Manipulator design simple, easy to operate, under the control of the MCU to complete the desired action, giving the students a visual impression, to achieve the purpose of teaching demonstration.
軸承內(nèi)外圈加工專用機床橫向機構(gòu)設(shè)計(CAD,UG三維)(任務(wù)書,開題報告,外文翻譯,進(jìn)度計劃表,論文說明書16000字,cad圖紙4張,UG三維模型)
摘? 要
?? 本文是根據(jù)無錫迪奧機械廠軸承內(nèi)外圈生產(chǎn)線改造項目要求，針對橫向部分能自動實現(xiàn)進(jìn)給，快退，自動感應(yīng)識別運動位置等要求，設(shè)計出一套軸承內(nèi)外圈專用機床橫向進(jìn)給機構(gòu)，使其能夠代替工人手動進(jìn)給，提高了公司生產(chǎn)效率。
?? 論文根據(jù)軸承內(nèi)外圈的特點，對其橫向進(jìn)給機構(gòu)進(jìn)行了合理的設(shè)計。此橫向機構(gòu)主要為了實現(xiàn)臺面板上的刀具在切削軸承內(nèi)外圈橫向進(jìn)給的運動。這一運動由阻尼液壓缸驅(qū)動，由PLC控制，由感應(yīng)元件識別確認(rèn)臺面板橫向進(jìn)給時的位置。本文要設(shè)計的內(nèi)容主要包括：阻尼液壓缸驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，床身鉗尺寸的確定，滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計，臺面板的設(shè)計等。確定了橫向進(jìn)給機構(gòu)的具體尺寸后，利用UG軟件對橫向機構(gòu)的主要部件進(jìn)行建模，并對整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行虛擬裝配。然后將裝配體導(dǎo)入UG軟件的運動仿真界面，并利用軟件進(jìn)行運動學(xué)仿真和動力學(xué)仿真。分析仿真結(jié)果，得出相應(yīng)結(jié)論。最后對軸承內(nèi)外圈加工專用機床橫向機構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計，讓本設(shè)計能夠真正的投入到日常生產(chǎn)操作中，使其切實能夠為軸承廠的生產(chǎn)線改造做出貢獻(xiàn)。?〖畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)網(wǎng) HTTP://WWW.56DOC.COM 咨詢QQ：306826066〗?
? 關(guān)鍵詞：進(jìn)給機構(gòu)；軸承加工；虛擬裝配；運動仿真?
Abstract
This paper is based on the reconstruction project requirements of the inner and outer circle line of bearings in Wuxi dior machinery factory. In order to achieve the requirements that the horizontal section automatically forwarding and identifying locations, this article designs a set of bearing internal and external ring special machine transverse feeding mechanism. It’s a special machine tool be used to replace workers manual feed and improve the company's production efficiency.
According to the characteristics of the bearing inner and outer circle ,the article designs its traverse mechanism reasonable.This mechanism mainly achieve the cutting tool on the the panel in cutting of bearing transverse feed motion on the inside and outside the circle .The movement is driven by damping hydraulic cylinder, controlled by PLC, recognized by the sensing element identification to confirm the position of the panel. The content of the article mainly includes damping hydraulic cylinder driving system designing, the determination of lathe bed clamp size, the design of the ball screw, a panel designing, etc. After determining the specific size of the infeed mechanism, the article applies UG software to model a major part of the traverse mechanism and assembly its overall structure virtually. Finally, the design of the machine infeed organization is optimized, so that it can really be used to put into the day-to-day production operations and make contribute to the production line of bearing plant effectively.
Keywords: feeding mechanism ; bearing processing; virtual assembly; motion simulation?
開題報告
春卷自動成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機機械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計
1. 論文結(jié)構(gòu)
1.1 總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)想
論文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)將做如下安排：
1.綜述目前春卷食品生產(chǎn)線的生產(chǎn)過程及其自動生產(chǎn)線的研發(fā)狀況和現(xiàn)狀，市場上的春卷皮生產(chǎn)的主要方式及成本消耗情況。
2.總結(jié)市場上主要的春卷皮生產(chǎn)的方式，它的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，功率消耗和生產(chǎn)效率對比情況。
3.研究設(shè)計并確定春卷皮生產(chǎn)機器的傳動方式，電機的選擇，計算出各部分效率比值，選擇市場上的面槳壓力泵，確定滾筒和加熱功率。
4.整體結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)化處理，解決運輸難題和產(chǎn)品防震地面固定處理。
1.2 主要解決的問題
1．市場上春卷皮制作機器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、生產(chǎn)所采用的主要形式。
2．分析春卷皮成型所需要達(dá)到的條件，機器傳動方案的選擇，整體結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)思。
3. 進(jìn)行春卷自動成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機機械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計方案分析和具體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
1．3 主要工作
1.調(diào)查研究市場上的春卷皮機的結(jié)構(gòu)，生產(chǎn)工作方式。
2.確定春卷皮機機械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案，進(jìn)行傳動結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
3.設(shè)計滾筒和加熱功率，選擇最佳的設(shè)計方案。
3.計算確定機械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)的傳動比值，選擇適合的傳動方式及其具體參數(shù)的確定。
4.設(shè)計春卷皮機的整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸。
2. 文獻(xiàn)綜述
2.1 傳統(tǒng)手工春卷皮制作方法
1、普通面粉和的比較?。ǖ群隣畛硪恍?，加鹽和油少許，使勁朝一個方向拌，徹底均勻了后，醒2個小時左右；?
2、平底鍋燒熱（不要太熱，中等溫度就可以了），可以不放油，鍋離開火，用刷子蘸面糊在鍋內(nèi)刷上一圈，再把鍋放回火上，等看著顏色發(fā)白了就是熟了，揭起即可。
鍋太熱，皮乾得太快，面糊抓起時會連烤好的皮一起抓起。
鍋太冷，做出來的皮較厚，且不易揭下。
鍋太黏，皮在上頭很難揭下，可用紙沾點油擦拭鍋心，如油太多，可用廢棄的春卷皮擦拭去。
缺點：面糊刷鍋時，不能太薄，也不要太厚，太薄的話，皮熟后會變脆，不好包餡，太厚的話，當(dāng)然是不好吃。操作麻煩，生產(chǎn)效率低，只能個人家中制作少量的食用，無法無法滿足市場的銷售量。
2.2 春卷皮自動成型機的背景技術(shù)
春巻皮的問市，是方便消費者作春巻時，不必再浪費時間購買面 粉制作春巻皮，可節(jié)省相當(dāng)多的下廚時間。在申請人申請獲準(zhǔn)的中國
臺灣專利公告第423272號案中所揭露的春巻皮自動成型機1，如圖L所 示，具有一料斗IO、 一成型烤輪Ll、 一輸送裝置12及一裁切裝置13; 其中，該料斗10是設(shè)置在該春巻皮自動成型機1前側(cè)位置，其內(nèi)盛裝有 粘稠狀的液態(tài)面糊，該面糊再經(jīng)一與料斗10連設(shè)的輸送管101輸送至一 預(yù)設(shè)的出料位置，而在其預(yù)設(shè)的出料位置處更加設(shè)有一可控制面糊出 口成型為春巻皮3的控制把手102。該成型烤輪Ll是為一金屬制表面光 滑的滾輪，且其內(nèi)組裝有一加熱裝置110，使?jié)L輪面Lll呈高溫狀態(tài)， 而滾輪面Lll并與面糊的預(yù)設(shè)出處接觸，以使面糊自輸送管101內(nèi)輸送 至預(yù)設(shè)出口處時，面糊可附著在呈高溫的成型烤輪Ll的滾輪面Lll上， 成為干燥的薄皮，而在成型烤輪11的轉(zhuǎn)動路徑上更設(shè)有一刮刀片112， 以將貼附于滾輪面Lll上的春巻皮刮下，而該輸送裝置12是設(shè)置在成型 烤輪Ll設(shè)有刮刀片112的一側(cè)位置，以輸送自成型烤輪Ll刮下的成型后 已烤熟的春巻皮3，而在輸送裝置12的春巻皮行走路徑上裝設(shè)有散熱風(fēng) 扇120，以使具有熱度的春巻皮3降溫以利后續(xù)的包裝作業(yè)，及設(shè)有一 灑粉裝置121，以便于春巻皮3上灑粉，以使經(jīng)由裁切裝置13裁切而堆 迭的一張張舂巻皮3'不會粘在一起，該裁切裝置13是組設(shè)在輸送裝置12 的輸送路徑后端位置，其具有一可控制春巻皮裁切大小及裁切數(shù)量的
控制器130，且其上亦設(shè)置有一輸送帶131，以將裁切完成且裁切數(shù)量 達(dá)預(yù)設(shè)量的春巻皮3'整落的輸送至一預(yù)設(shè)的包裝位置作包裝出廠。
2.3 現(xiàn)有的春卷皮自動成型機的缺點
1. 自始以來，因為成型烤輪Ll為一金屬制經(jīng)車削后再經(jīng)加工使得表
面光滑的滾輪，所以所成型的春巻皮3貼于該滾輪的內(nèi)表面是呈光滑
的，但在其外表面是自然形成粗糙凹凸的表面，光滑的內(nèi)表面于裁切 后作一定數(shù)量迭堆時是會粘在一起的，這是目前業(yè)界最頭痛的問題，
因此才會在制程中加入灑粉裝置121作灑粉以防止迭堆時粘在一起，然 而，灑粉不僅浪費成本，且因所撒的粉在油炸后會變成小黑點附著于 春巻上，造成春巻賣相不佳，油也很快變黑，就算未經(jīng)油炸，在春巻 皮3'上裹一層粉也不美觀。甚而為防止這種粘在一起的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，業(yè)界 會在粘稠狀的液態(tài)面糊料中加入適量的油，但效果不佳，且會造成春 巻皮3'的質(zhì)變。
2. 又因為成型烤輪11的表面是光滑的，所以有時會發(fā)生春巻皮3在 未到達(dá)刮刀片112的位置時，就提早于成型烤輪Ll的表面剝離的情形， 造成后段作裁切時形成長度不一致。
3. 此外，還會有炸透春巻內(nèi)層時外層卻已焦黑的情形。
因此，如何構(gòu)思制造出一種春巻皮兩表面呈粗糙凹凸，使得迭堆 時不粘合，方便裁切且裁切成一定的長度、包裝及消費者容易分離取 用，春巻皮并具有小細(xì)孔，于烹炸時，內(nèi)外層可受熱均勻且呈現(xiàn)金黃 色而非炸透春巻內(nèi)層時外層卻已焦黑的春巻皮自動成型機，是一可改 進(jìn)的課題。
原文：
Comment on chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design
In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent.
One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses
Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence
1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminium moulds bubble cover packer's for 100 one 300 mins, full-automatic medicine box packer dress box speed 50- 200 boxes/ ms in. But, on the international, the advanced aluminium moulds rushing steeping cover packer cutting frequency be able to reach 600 mins. Full-automatic medicine box packer dress box speed is able to reach 600 ~ 800 box/ mins. Not only working speed of domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is slow. And, the partner has bigger noise.
2) Is under the control of horizontal backward. Domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery controls low, automation of level difference mostly , the malfunction leads height. (Main package machinery finger box dress controls domestic medicines and chemical reagents with drinking wine holding machinery with) adopt PLC to do a scene mostly. But, advanced medicines and chemical reagents package machinery realizes supervisory control abroad mostly from computer system. Under the control of horizontal relatively backward. Great majority domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery automation sex is relatively poor. Adopt a single to produce a pattern first commonly. The full-automatic production line is few. Two is that full-automation works cannot to achieve. Require that the manpower feeds in raw material. Hand movement enchases. If in a little paper box packer, Page, paper box all needs medicine board , specifications paper to move charging personally. And require specially-assigned person to pay attention to if specifications, medicine board, paper box already finish using at any time. Happen to avoid bringing about machine racing or bringing about incomplete specifications, medicine board, and medicine box phenomenon. Other, domestic medicines and chemical reagents package mechanic failure rates are higher. Control a component (if the relay, electromagnetic valve, contactor, breaker etc.) etc. are often easy to damage. Halt also to frequently occur the malfunction.
3) Functions are unitary, expansion sex is bad. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is that the form designs that specifically for specially appointed package. The general specification range inner in regulation is adjustable. But, a lot of our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery considers insufficiency when designing that. Be not that reforming going a step further sets apart sufficient space. Cause the machinery designing that to be able to only adapt to the form board in several kinds simplicities. Change not adapting to wrapping material or the form board dimension. Fit in with even. The package finished product mass giving birth to a child is neither nice.
4) Considers deficiency synthetically. Resource does not fully utilize. Our country medicines and chemical reagents there exists the chaos phenomenon in package machinery design. A lot of machinery designs that the personnel drags to the electric motor moving the synchrony technology, the servo drive technology do not knows. The problem simple electrical equipment available is resolved uses complicated mechanism to come to come true but. Some though the control organ works to come having adopt the synchrony electric motor to wait for a device. But choose block of wood ding-dang. The maximum having brought about resource not only wastes this condition. And make machinery function designing that low.
5) Model is inflexible. Model seldom considering machinery time medicines and chemical reagents of our country package machinery design. Many machine molding that the manufacturer produces is not beautiful do not have model even. Give person feeling to rigid, to inflexible, not to have vigor. A few medicine box packers are middle. The nut all assembles screw on the machine outside board. But, the oil cup and flow nipple that a little lubrication uses also can be seen everywhere. Be stained fully with a greasy dirt easy to use machine everywhere time oiling. Impression is rough to person. No beautiful.
Two, medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design content
People long-term study passes. Define conceptual design being: "Have been ascertaining the mission queen. Pass abstract-relation. Design the function structure. Explore appropriate effect principle and their combination waiting. Ascertain out basic finding the solution approach. Reach find the solution scheme. This part of the conceptual design designing that the job is called conceptual design is referred to make the queen who designs purpose and now has condition clear. The designer searches for many-sided knowledge. Analysis abstracts the solution on generating dyadic broad frame significance the day after tomorrow. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design demands according to each product life cycle stages. Carrying out the product function creates , the function breaks up as well as the function and son are functional physical design: That conception and systematization carrying out the scheme satisfying the operating principle that the function and structure demand finding the solution and carrying out the operating principle carrier realizing the function structure's design the conceptual design process is that one finds the solution realizing a function's , satisfies the various technology and various there existing in economic target's , possibility scheme well ultimate for sure synthetically optimum scheme process. The conceptual design effect embodies in the product design early phase stage mainly. Chief architect is based on functional need of product but primitive conception and impulsion sprouting out form the product main body frame. And, it responds to every main module and module including. In order to accomplishing overall layout and the exterior, the first step designs that. And then carry out the optimization appraising a sum. Ascertain the overall design plan. Design that the personnel carries out the chief architect design thought going to designing middle concretely again from every part. Detail designs realization. The conceptual design putting medicines and chemical reagents package machinery into practice demands to design that the personnel reinforces the cognition to medicines and chemical reagents package first. Deepen the connotation understanding medicines and chemical reagents packages. Introduce modern package idea. Be in line with the international conventions actively. Modern package is to ensure the product safety not only. Make product transportation convenient. And be getting up propagate, environmental protection, defends against false. Attractive looks waits for the many-sided effect. Wrap up contents additional information. The medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design personnel should show solicitude for development of package system closely. Go deep into the handicraft studying package. Know demand of development of wrapping material and the person to machinery product very well. Only when such ability designs that out satisfy the high tone machinery product that the consumer demands. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design content has mainly:
1) Makes the design mission clear. Be ready for feasibility analysis. The designer designs initial stage working in being in progress. Respond to the feasibility considering a product sufficiently. One aspect is the marketplace thinking. Include the production marketing, product raw material, the fabricating cost thinking: Another aspect is thinking that the product processes. Include thinking now having a working ability, processing handicraft, processing the function and periphery supporting industry. Periphery supporting environment thinking points to the local enterprise working ability mainly processes level, heat treatment handicraft and the infrastructural facilities construction etc.
2) Function design. Great majority our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is the same kind model copying to abroad. But peculiar national conditions because of our country existence. Must carry out appropriate reforming on the product. To satisfy request of our country. But fault blindly copy blindly. The machinery designing that is packed in, irrigates the dress function outside except needing to satisfy a box. We must consider the additional function packing machinery. If in package box should add a counting cup. The medicine spoon waits an utensil down. Be put into use with convenience of customers. In machine, kind of aspect developing can design comparatively advanced machinery. If sterile pack machinery, the package machinery retaining freshness etc.Can develop the corollary equipment selling complete sets of equipment and the post-processing at reduced prices in the medicines and chemical reagents package front.
3) Functions decomposition. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery belongs to the integration of machinery with electronics product. Should consider every function all round time design. Sort Er Yan. The medicines and chemical reagents package machinery function may divide 3 major parts being that organization moves, monitors biography feel, the information processing and controlling a function basically. The function subdivides organization motion according to may not kind with machine , packer may be molding , heat-seal , pressure trace mark, according to cutting 4 big functions if the aluminum moulds bubble cover. But, paper box package machinery may be that the box opens, paper box transfers, breaks tongue , functions such as inserting tongue , flattening and putting a batch number up mark poison board under paper folding, deducing paper feed. Want to consider machinery lubrication, safe functions such as running, packing hygiene of machinery too in the process of design. This demands the technology designing that the personnel considers detecting sufficiently. Brightness, machine, electricity integration technology, computer art. Intersection between the pneumatic technology, the logistics technology connection.
4) Organization is designed. Be to realize the predetermined function. We need to use different organization. This needs the part synthesizing each considering a complete machine among one process. Use the product designing that while satisfying the usage request. Structure is simple, pragmatic. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery organization designs time. Respond to the principle choosing appropriate organization motion and constituting. Think sufficiently to realize what specially appointed motion needs organization. If cam organization. Bar linkage. Cam bar linkage. Respond to the technology wielding separation drive at the same time. Think that the transmission shaft designs a problem (if castellated shaft and ladder axis etc.) and drive are systematic synthetically. Design that process middle should cut down the effect that the uncertainty factor brings about to the full. Messenger organization operation is stable. Design that machinery carries out kinetic methods of analysis answering now and then. With lifting, machinery runs speed and stationarity. Should think that various packing machinery, adjustable, holds the mistake, but expansion, stationarity as well as beautiful-rization besides. Run after machinery is deft but stable. Design process but consult package machinery design of all kinds strong point. Draw other machinery (if plastic machinery, prints machinery) merit at the same time. Design the outside except carrying out organization. Return approach back to the realization should think that every function is other. If vacuum, electrical equipment waits under the control of. To expect that optimum combination is a product's turn.
5) System under the control of schemes design. In medicines and chemical reagents package machinery, a very important part is that real time detecting is back-off to every organization. To ensure that equipment operation is smooth. Now many machinery products has selected and used large amount of photo electricity switch being the detecting component. Equipment has such as PC detecting bubble cover system on some machinery and the like system. This need all designs that meticulously. And, the general naval company is an integral whole.
Three, concluding remarks
The thought a concept is designed melts to enter medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design being able to fall off designing a fault. Shorten a design cycle. Accelerate the product exploitation. Make the product designing that more rational, have affinity, more suitable man-machine project more. It is also that the main means costing down and improving enterprise competition is short of passive competition aspect backward for improving medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design at the same time. To adapt to the challenge that "queen GMP times" brings about. Design that the personnel must take product conceptual design seriously. Deepen the significance understanding conceptual design's.
譯文
論包裝機械的概念設(shè)計
近年來，由于我國經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的持續(xù)高漲和國家對制藥行業(yè)強制性推行GMP(藥品生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量規(guī)范)認(rèn)證制度，藥品包裝機械取得了長足的進(jìn)步。新產(chǎn)品日益增多，技術(shù)水平有了很大的改進(jìn)。但與國際水平相比還存在著很大的差距，近60%的產(chǎn)品達(dá)不到發(fā)達(dá)國家上世紀(jì)80年代的水平，先進(jìn)大型的設(shè)備主要依賴進(jìn)口。我國藥品包裝機械的低技術(shù)水平在很大程度上是由我國企業(yè)設(shè)計人員低水平設(shè)計引起的。
一、我國藥品包裝機械現(xiàn)狀分析
我國藥品包裝機械與國際先進(jìn)水平相比尚有較大的差距.國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械設(shè)計上主要存在以下幾點不足：
1) 機械性能落后，國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械大多精度低、速度慢、平穩(wěn)性差。包裝機械運轉(zhuǎn)過程包含大量復(fù)雜的間歇式運動，主要由凸輪、連桿來實現(xiàn)。然而許多設(shè)計人員不會根據(jù)工作循環(huán)圖和精度要求獨立設(shè)計計算凸輪連桿機構(gòu)的運動學(xué)和動力學(xué)參數(shù)，只是簡單的把國外樣機的凸輪連桿零件拆卸下來進(jìn)行逐點測繪，造成執(zhí)行機構(gòu)誤差很大。國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械大多運行速度較低，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機的沖裁頻率一般為100～300個/min，全自動藥盒包裝機的裝盒速度50～200盒/min，而國際上先進(jìn)的鋁塑泡罩包裝機的沖裁頻率能夠達(dá)到600個/min，全自動藥盒包裝機的裝盒速度能夠達(dá)到600~ 800盒/min。國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械不僅運行速度慢，而且還伴有較大的噪音。
2) 控制水平落后。國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械大多控制水平低、自動性差、故障率高。國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械(主要指盒裝和灌裝機械)大多采用PLC作現(xiàn)場控制，而國外先進(jìn)的藥品包裝機械大多由計算機系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)監(jiān)控，控制水平相對落后。大多數(shù)國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械自動性較差。一是普遍采用單機生產(chǎn)模式，全自動生產(chǎn)線少。二是做不到全自動運轉(zhuǎn)，需要人工加料，手動裝箱。如一些紙盒包裝機中，藥板、說明書紙頁、紙盒都需要手動加料，且需專人隨時注意說明書、藥板、紙盒是否已經(jīng)用完，以免造成機器空轉(zhuǎn)或造成缺說明書、藥板、藥盒現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。另外，國產(chǎn)藥品包裝機械故障率較高?？刂圃骷?如繼電器、電磁閥、接觸器、斷路器等)等經(jīng)常容易損壞，死機故障也時有發(fā)生。
3)功能單一、可擴展性差。藥品包裝機械是針對特定的包裝形式設(shè)計的。一般在規(guī)定的規(guī)格范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)。而我國許多藥品包裝機械在設(shè)計時考慮不充分，沒有為進(jìn)一步的改造留出足夠的空間，致使設(shè)計的機械只能適應(yīng)于幾種簡單的模板，不適應(yīng)包裝材料或模板尺寸的變化，即使適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)的包裝成品質(zhì)量也不佳。
4）綜合考慮不足，資源沒有充分利用。我國藥品包裝機械設(shè)計存在著混亂現(xiàn)象，許多機械設(shè)計人員對電機拖動同步技術(shù)、伺服傳動技術(shù)不了解，可用簡單的電器設(shè)備解決的問題卻用復(fù)雜的機械裝置來實現(xiàn)，有的雖然采用了同步電機等裝置來控制機構(gòu)運行，但選取不當(dāng)。這些情況不僅造成了資源的極大浪費，而且使設(shè)計的機械的性能低下。
5)造型死板。我國的藥品包裝機械設(shè)計時很少考慮機械的造型，很多廠家生產(chǎn)的機械造型不美觀，甚至沒有造型，給人感覺僵硬、死板、沒有活力。一些藥盒包裝機中，螺釘螺母都安裝在機器的外面板上，而一些潤滑用的油杯和油嘴也隨處可見，加油時容易使機器到處沾滿油污，給人印象粗糙，不美觀。
二、藥品包裝機械概念設(shè)計的內(nèi)容
人們經(jīng)過多年的研究，將概念設(shè)計定義為：“在確定了任務(wù)后，通過抽象化擬定功能結(jié)構(gòu)，尋求適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔迷砑捌浣M合等，確定出基本求解途徑，得出求解方案。這一部分設(shè)計工作叫做概念設(shè)計”概念設(shè)計指明確設(shè)計目的和現(xiàn)有條件后，設(shè)計者搜索多方面的知識，分析提煉后生成框架式的廣泛意義上的解。藥品包裝機械的概念設(shè)計要求根據(jù)產(chǎn)品生命周期各個階段，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品功能創(chuàng)造、功能分解以及功能和子功能的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，進(jìn)行滿足功能和結(jié)構(gòu)要求的工作原理求解和進(jìn)行實現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的工作原理載體方案的構(gòu)思和系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計概念設(shè)計的過程是一個求解實現(xiàn)功能的、滿足各種技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的、可能存在的各種方案并最終確定綜合最優(yōu)方案的過程。概念設(shè)計的作用主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的早期階段?？傇O(shè)計師根據(jù)產(chǎn)品功能的需求而萌發(fā)出來的原始構(gòu)思和沖動形成產(chǎn)品的主體框架，及它應(yīng)包括的各主要模塊和組件，以完成整體布局和外型初步設(shè)計。然后進(jìn)行評估和優(yōu)化，確定整體設(shè)計方案。再由各部分設(shè)計人員把總設(shè)計師的設(shè)計思想落實到具體設(shè)計中去，實現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計。實施藥品包裝機械的概念設(shè)計首先要求設(shè)計人員加強對藥品包裝的認(rèn)識，深化理解藥品包裝的內(nèi)涵，引進(jìn)現(xiàn)代包裝理念，積極與國際接軌?，F(xiàn)代包裝不僅是保障產(chǎn)品的安全，使產(chǎn)品運輸方便，而且起著宣傳、環(huán)保、防偽、美觀等多方面的作用。藥品包裝機械設(shè)計人員應(yīng)密切關(guān)注包裝系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展.深入研究包裝工藝，熟悉包裝材料的發(fā)展和其對機械產(chǎn)品的要求。只有這樣才能設(shè)計出滿足用戶要求的高水平機械產(chǎn)品。藥品包裝機械的概念設(shè)計的內(nèi)容主要有：
1)明確設(shè)計任務(wù)，做好可行性分析。設(shè)計者在進(jìn)行設(shè)計工作初始階段時應(yīng)充分考慮產(chǎn)品的可行性。一方面是市場的考慮，包括產(chǎn)品銷售、產(chǎn)品原料、制造費用的考慮；另一方面是產(chǎn)品加工的考慮，包括現(xiàn)有加工能力、加工工藝、加工性能及周邊配套行業(yè)的考慮。周邊配套環(huán)境的考慮主要指當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)加工能力、加工水平、熱處理工藝及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)等。
2)功能設(shè)計。我國大多數(shù)藥品包裝機械是對國外同類機型的仿制。但由于我國存在的特殊國情，須對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)母脑?，以滿足我國的要求。而不是一味的照抄照搬。設(shè)計的機械除需要滿足盒裝、灌裝功能外，我們還須考慮包裝機械的附加功能，如包裝盒中應(yīng)加入量杯、藥勺等工具，以方便用戶使用。在機種的開發(fā)方面可以設(shè)計較為先進(jìn)的機械，如無菌包裝機械、保鮮包裝機械等。還可以開發(fā)藥品包裝前處理成套設(shè)備和后處理配套設(shè)備。
3)功能分解。藥品包裝機械屬于機電一體化產(chǎn)品，設(shè)計時應(yīng)全面考慮各功能。一般而言，藥品包裝機械功能大致可分為機構(gòu)運動、監(jiān)測傳感、信息處理及控制功能3大部分。機構(gòu)運動功能按不同機種又可細(xì)分，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機可分為成型、熱封、壓痕、沖裁4大功能，而紙盒包裝機械可分為折紙、下紙、藥板推送、紙盒打開、紙盒傳輸、折舌、插舌、壓平和打批號等功能。在設(shè)計過程中還要考慮機械潤滑、機械安全運行、包裝衛(wèi)生等功能。這要求設(shè)計人員充分考慮檢測技術(shù)，光、機、電一體化技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù).氣動技術(shù)、物流技術(shù)之間的交叉聯(lián)系。
4)機構(gòu)設(shè)計。為實現(xiàn)預(yù)定的功能，我們需要使用不同的機構(gòu)。這一過程中需綜合考慮整機的各個部分，使設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品在滿足使用要求的同時，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、實用。藥品包裝機械機構(gòu)設(shè)計時，應(yīng)選擇和組合適當(dāng)?shù)臋C構(gòu)運動原理，充分考慮實現(xiàn)特定運動所需機構(gòu)，如凸輪機構(gòu)，連桿機構(gòu)，凸輪連桿機構(gòu)。同時還應(yīng)運用分離傳動技術(shù)，綜合考慮傳動軸(如花鍵軸和階梯軸等)和傳動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計問題。設(shè)計過程中應(yīng)盡量減少不確定性因素造成的影響，使機構(gòu)運行平穩(wěn)。設(shè)計時還應(yīng)對機械進(jìn)行動力學(xué)分析，以提升機械運行速度和平穩(wěn)性。另外還應(yīng)考慮包裝機械的多樣、可調(diào)、容錯、可擴展、平穩(wěn)性以及美觀化，追求機械輕巧但穩(wěn)定。設(shè)計過程可參考各類包裝機械設(shè)計的長處，同時借鑒別的機械(如塑料機械、印刷機械)的優(yōu)點。除進(jìn)行機構(gòu)設(shè)計外.還應(yīng)考慮各功能另外的實現(xiàn)途徑，如真空、電器控制等，以期最優(yōu)組合該產(chǎn)品。
5)系統(tǒng)控制方案的設(shè)計。藥品包裝機械中一個很重要的部分就是對各機構(gòu)實時檢測補償，以保證設(shè)備運行順暢?，F(xiàn)在很多機械產(chǎn)品選用了大量的光電開關(guān)作為檢測元件，有的機械上還裝備有諸如微機檢測泡罩系統(tǒng)之類的系統(tǒng)。這都需要精心設(shè)計和整個控制系統(tǒng)連為一體。
三、結(jié)語
將概念設(shè)計的思想融入藥品包裝機械的設(shè)計可以減少設(shè)計失誤，縮短設(shè)計周期，加快產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，使設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品更合理、更具有親和力、更適合人機工程。同時它也是降低成本和提高企業(yè)競爭力的主要手段。為了改善藥品包裝機械設(shè)計落后、缺乏競爭力的被動局面，以適應(yīng)“后GMP時代”帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，設(shè)計人員必須重視產(chǎn)品概念設(shè)計，深化理解概念設(shè)計的重要性。
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