七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)教案名詞代詞專題.doc
個(gè)性化教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué) 科: 英語(yǔ) 任課教師: 授課時(shí)間: 姓名年級(jí)七性別男課題名詞、代詞專項(xiàng)講解總課時(shí)_ 第 4 課教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、掌握正確識(shí)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞, 及其在特定語(yǔ)境中的征性和用法。2、正確使用可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,學(xué)會(huì)名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法。難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程課前檢查作業(yè)完成情況:優(yōu) 良 中 差 建議_過(guò)程名詞專項(xiàng)講解【中考名詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】概念:表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念等名稱的詞,叫做名詞。關(guān)于名詞,我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)和名詞的格。詞類中考考查要求名詞1、正確識(shí)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞;2、掌握可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成;3、正確判斷某些常用名詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的可數(shù)和不可數(shù)特征性;4、掌握名詞所有格的基本形式及一般用法?!久~考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明】(一)名詞的數(shù)1、可數(shù)名詞1)可數(shù)名詞的的復(fù)數(shù)形式 英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。表示一個(gè)人或事物用單數(shù),表示一個(gè)以上的人或事物用復(fù)數(shù)。該詞形變化分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。名詞特征 變化規(guī)則 發(fā) 音 例詞 一般單詞 詞尾+s 清輔音后 發(fā)s cups, desks, gates, 元音與濁輔音后發(fā)z hens, bags, days 以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾 詞尾+es 發(fā)iz classes, watches, boxes 以o結(jié)尾 有生命的 詞尾+es 發(fā)z tomatoes, heroes, potatoes 無(wú)生命的 詞尾+s photos, radios, zoos, pianos 以輔音+y結(jié)尾 變y為i 加es 發(fā)iz stories, babies, cities 以元音+y結(jié)尾 詞尾+s 發(fā)z boys, keys, days ,monkeys以f或fe結(jié)尾 變f或fe為v加es 發(fā)vz leaves, knives, lives 2)、有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,如: 變化 例詞 元音發(fā)生變化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeettoothteeth, mousemice 詞尾發(fā)生變化 childchildren 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形 sheepsheep, deerdeer, ChineseChinese, Japanese-Japanese fish-fish復(fù)合詞中主要詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) looker-onlookers-on 旁觀者new-comernew-comers,grand-childgrand-children 復(fù)合詞中無(wú)主體詞在最后,加s grown-upgrown-ups,stand-bystand-bys 備用設(shè)備由man 或woman 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞前后兩詞皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) woman-teacherwomen-teachers, man-doctormen-doctors German(德國(guó)人)Germans policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞(a、e、i、o、u),則只須加s。 如:monkeymonkeysgrand 宏偉的;豪華的;極重要的3)、常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語(yǔ),用復(fù)數(shù)。如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.4)、有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式,實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的,應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如:news(消息),maths (數(shù)學(xué)),physics(物理) No news is good news.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife) 2、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞通常是物質(zhì)名詞和集合名詞。物質(zhì)名詞無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的事物,通常不能與不定冠詞連用,自身不能表示具體的數(shù)量,如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等;抽象名詞表示的是可感覺卻觸摸不到的性質(zhì)、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象的概念,如kindness。1)、不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)??闯蓡螖?shù)。如:Some bread_over there.(be) 2) 常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。3)常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。應(yīng)特別記medicine, news, work, homework, housework, money, chalk, weather, cotton, wood. 4). 常用a piece of,a cup of等來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義,bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞,不加s,而piece則可加s。即:two pieces of bread 請(qǐng)區(qū)別:可數(shù)名詞也可用量來(lái)表示, 如:三箱蘋果three boxes of apples 例: 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.(be) 2、Could I have three _,please? A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads(二)名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表示名詞的所有關(guān)系,意思為“的”。名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法是:1、在名詞后加“ s”。如:Lilys, Marys等。2、以-s或-es 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加“”, 如:Teachers Day , two weeks holiday,而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加s 。如:Childrens Day。3、表示一件東西為多人共有,只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加“s”。若表示各自所有,則需在每個(gè)名字后都加“s”,如:Lily and Lucys computer. 莉莉和露茜的電腦。(兩人共有)lilys and Lucys computers. 莉莉和露茜的電腦。(并不共有)4)、名詞所有格可以用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)。 如:my uncles 我叔叔家。5)、表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞所有格,一般以“of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。如:如:the end of the year 歲末,the colour of the flower 花的顏色代 詞【中考代詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】概念:代詞是為了避免重復(fù)而用來(lái)代替該詞的詞。英語(yǔ)是一種不喜歡重復(fù)的語(yǔ)言,當(dāng)文中第二次提到同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),一般都要用相應(yīng)的代詞來(lái)代替。英語(yǔ)代詞可分為八大類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、和連接代詞八種。詞類中考考查要求 代詞1、掌握人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法;2、掌握名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法;3、掌握反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法;4、掌握常見不定代詞的一般用法;5、掌握指示代詞的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;6、掌握疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法?!敬~考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明】(一)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞:(見下表)人稱代詞 主格 I you he she it we they you 賓格 me you him her it us them you 物主代詞 形容詞性 my your his her its our their your 名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs yours 反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves themselves yourselves 1、表示“我”、“你”“他(她、它)”、“我們”、“你們”、“他(她、它)們”的詞,稱為人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。其變化形式如下:?jiǎn)?數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)主 格賓 格 主 格賓 格 第一人稱 I我 me we我們 Us 第二人稱 you你 you you你們 you 第三人稱he他 him them she她 her it它 it 2、表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫作物主代詞,也叫代詞所有格。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞;名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。3、自身代詞是表示“自己”的代詞,也稱為反身代詞。其形式有:?jiǎn)螖?shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一人稱 myself我自己 ourselves我們自己 第二人稱 yourself你自己 yourselves你們自己 第三人稱 himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己 (二)、few, a few, little, a little的用法:含 義 語(yǔ) 氣 修飾或代替的名詞 few 很少幾個(gè) 否定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 a few 有幾個(gè) 肯定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 little 很少,不多 否定 不可數(shù)名詞 a little 有一點(diǎn) 肯定 不可數(shù)名詞 (三)、常見不定代詞的一般用法:1、由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,如果有形容詞修飾,該形容詞必須后置。There is nothing wrong with the radio.這收音機(jī)沒有毛病。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情告訴你。2、both / all / noneall的意思是“全體”,“所有”可代表或修飾三個(gè)以上的人或物;both指“兩者都”; none “沒有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of。3、every / eachevery單數(shù)名詞 “每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)共性,作定語(yǔ),形式上為單數(shù)。each “每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性,作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),常與of連用。4、both / either / neither both “(兩者)都” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),看作復(fù)數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí),后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 either “兩者中任何一個(gè)” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí),后跟名詞單數(shù)。 neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義,用法同either。5. another / the other / the others/ others another +單數(shù)名詞, “另一個(gè)” one the other “一個(gè),另一個(gè)”the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞= the others “其他的人或物”(指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部)others “別人”(四)指示代詞的一般用法:表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等,指示意義的代詞稱為指示代詞。指示代詞有this, that, these, those, such, same等。1、This, that, these those的用法:This(these)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物, these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式;that(those)常指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物,those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、such和same的用法:such常在句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),表示“這樣”。 same可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),意為“同樣的”,same前必須加定冠詞the。Eg. I have never seen such a good place.我從未見過(guò)這么好的地方。I never heard such stories as he told.我從未聽過(guò)他講的那樣的故事。We are in the same factory.我們?cè)谕患夜S。Ill do the same as you.我將與你做同樣的事情。(五)疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法:疑問(wèn)代詞指 5個(gè)“wh”:who(誰(shuí)), whose(誰(shuí)的), whom(誰(shuí)),what(什么),which哪個(gè))1、who在句中通常用作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,常用who代替whom,但是若前面有介詞,還是用whom.Who is the girl in red ? 那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩是誰(shuí)?Whom are you waiting for ?你們?cè)诘日l(shuí)?With whom did they play basketball? 他們和誰(shuí)一起打籃球?2、which常表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇,what則沒有這種限制,如:Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke ? 橘汁和可樂(lè),你喜歡哪個(gè)?Which of them come from Canada ? 他們中誰(shuí)來(lái)自加拿大?What do you like to do in your spare time ? 你在業(yè)余時(shí)間都做什么?隨堂檢測(cè):1、The whit shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate, my B.Kates, mine C.Kate, mine D.Kates, my 2. Are these_(watch)yours? Yes. 3. You dont look well.Youd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4. Would you give me_, please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5. There are three_and seven_in the picture. A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6. A lot of_are talking with two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German,Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7. June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day課后作業(yè):一、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box二、名詞所有格練習(xí)( )1. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley( )2-Excuse me,where are _ offices? -Over thereA. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers ( )3Today is September 10th. Its_. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers day B. Teachers Day C. the Teachers day D. Teachers Day( )4Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days( )5This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. shes D. his 三、英語(yǔ)代詞專練1.You may come to my house _ this week_ next week.A .neither; or B .from ; to C .either ;or D. either; nor2.I dont think we can do it all_ .A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves3.I dont want this shirt. Please show me_A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4.I cant repair the model ship_ . Can you help_?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5.Does your brother often wash clothes_?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English , maths and some _ subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7.I have two sisters . _ of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.The book on the shelf is_.She wrote_ name on its cover .A .Hers ; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself課堂檢測(cè)聽課及知識(shí)掌握情況反饋_。測(cè)試題(累計(jì)不超過(guò)20分鐘)_道;成績(jī)_;教學(xué)需:加快;保持;放慢;增加內(nèi)容課后鞏固作業(yè)_題; 鞏固復(fù)習(xí)_ ; 預(yù)習(xí)布置_簽字 學(xué)習(xí)管理師: 家長(zhǎng)或?qū)W生簽字: