浙江工商大學(xué)考研試題綜英.doc

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招生專業(yè):外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué) 考試科目:綜合英語(yǔ) i.vocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answers by blackening the corresponding letters. (20%) 1. The case of the brutal killing of the black people was by the judge for lack of evidence. A. discarded B. disallowed C. abandonedD. dismissed 2. He is never free on Saturday evenings as he has a(n) arrangement to go to the concert with his friend as a change of atmosphere. A. long-lived B. long-range C. long-standingD. ever-lasting 3. As we entered the biggest department store in Tokyo, the salesgirls behind each counter at us kindly. A. bowedB. grinnedC. beamedD. grimaced 4. The whole house was in a dilapidated condition: the door on its hinges and the floorboards were nearly rotten. A. squealed B. screeched C. wailed D. squeaked 5. The material that lines arteries is very smooth, so that the blood may pass through the arteries with minimum . A. circulationB. absorptionC. resistance D. speed 6. Some illnesses may be caused by physical or mental stress, whereas others may occur without a readily recognizable . A. point of origin B. resultC. behavior pattern D. symptom 7. No hazard or difficulty could the two mountaineers from their determination to reach the summit. A. dilate B. defect C. deflect D. deflate 8. We’ve just installed a fan to cooking smells from the kitchen. A. eject B. exclude C. expelD. exile 9. Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we last time. A. left off B. let for C. left outD. left behind 10. Their claims to damages have not been convincingly . A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressed D. intimidated 11. It was not until she had arrived home remembered her appointment with the teacher. A. when she B. that she C. and she D. did she 12. Today the public is much concerned about the way . A. nature is being ruined B. which nature is ruined C. on which to ruin nature D. of nature to be ruined 13. This is an ideal site for a university it is far from the downtown areas. A. provided thatB. now that C. so thatD. in that 14. A membership card authorizesthe club’s facilities for a period of 12 months. A. the holder usingB. the holder’s useC. the holder to use D. the holder uses 15. Rebecca me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month. A. told B. would tell C. had told D. would have told 16. Some people viewed the findings with caution, nothing that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains . A. to be shownB. to have shown C. to have been shown D. being shown 17. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire. A. to be B. to have beenC. having been D. be 18. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature. A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated 19. your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A. As B. SinceC. Provided D. While 20. The Washington Monument is a hollow shaft without a break its surface except for the tiny entrance. A. with B. from C. to D. in II. Cloze Directions: Fill in each of the blanks in the following passage with ONE appropriate word. (15%) In the first half of the nineteenth century, this 1 postulate of anthropology could not occur to the most 2 person of Western civilization. Man, all through history, has defended his 3 like a point of honor. In Copernicus’ time, this claim to supremacy was so 4that it took in even the earth on which we live, and the fourteenth century refused with passion to have this planet 5 to a place in the solar scheme. By Darwin’s time, having granted the solar system to the enemy, fought with all the weapons 6 his command for uniqueness of the soul, an unknowable attribute given by God to man is such a manner that it 7man’s ancestry in the animal kingdom. No lack of continuity in the argument, no doubts of the nature of this “soul”, not even the fact that the nineteenth century did not care in the 8 to defend its brotherhood with any group of aliens counted against the first-rate excitement that raged on 9 of the indignity evolution proposed against the 10of man’s uniqueness. III. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION Directions: The following 2 passages contain 20 errors: Each indicated line contains one error only. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following manner: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. (30%) Passage 1 As a matter of fact, when all language takes from another one is mere words, it is usually because only a small number of speakers of the first language are bilingual in the second-usually the ruling classes and the educator. In such cases, most speakers are not using [1] the second language alongside the first one at a daily basis-instead, [2] the influence on the second language “trickles down” from the elite [3] class to the masses. In cases like this, which trickles down most easily [4] are isolated words, rather than the things that are harder to pick up from a foreign language, such as word order and endings, which require the actual use of the second language to get the hang of. This was the situation, for example, in England when it was occupied by the Norman French: The Normans were the rulers when the masses continued [5] happily using English. It is this reason that so many of the words [6] we inherited from French have to do with conception of government [7] [reign], fashion [attire], art [pen], cuisine [poultry], and, actually the very words government, fashion, art and cuisine. Just like often, [8] moreover, geography and history have it that many, most, or all of a [9] language’s speakers speak another one together alongside, and the [10] result is the likes of Is it out of your mind you are? In fact, most languages have had some influence on their structure from other languages at some point in their history. Passage 2 Before considering this question it is interesting to review briefly the evolution of the mind as the instrument. The [11] commonest way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual level of creatures at different stage of [12] evolutionary complexity has been to study the way they behave when giving different kinds of puzzles. For [13] example, an ant possesses a complex routine of behavior, but can it think? The answer is what if an ant is forced to go through a maze [14] of passages, many of which are dead ends, on its way to its nestle, it starts by making a lot of mistakes and [15] taking a great many wrong turning. In the end, however, after it has to worry its way through often enough, it does [16] learn to get to its nest without going into any of the blind alleys. As one moves up the evolutionary scale the test of brain-power exemplified by the solving the problem of getting [17] through a maze becomes very simple. Among mammals, for [18] example, the maze is an inadequate test. The learning problem does not tax enough attributes of the mind. In this sort of learning, as a matter of fact, rats can hit university [19] undergraduates and have, in fact, repeatedly done so. The next, more subtle test of mental ability is to see what [20] level an animal can think about something when it is not there. Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension Directions: Read each passage carefully and then answer the questions by blackening the letters you have selected. (45%) Passage 1 Throughout history most national heroes have been warriors, but Gandhi was a passive and peaceful preacher of morals, ethics, and beliefs. He was an outsider who ended British rule over India without striking a blow. Moreover, Gandhi was not skillful with any unusual artistic, scholarly, or scientific talents. He never earned a degree or received any special academic honors. He was never a candidate in an election or a member of government. Yet when he died, in 1948, practically the whole world mourned him. Many tributes compared Gandhi to Socrates, to Buddha, to Jesus, and to Saint Fancis of Assisi. The life of Mahatma (great soul) Gandhi is certainly an extraordinary one, poking at the ancient Hindu religion and culture and modern revolutionary ideas about politics and society, an unusual combination of perceptions and values. Gandhi’s life was filled with contradictions. He was described as a gentleman who was an outsider, but also as a godly and almost mystical person, He had a great determination. Nothing could change his convictions. Some called him a master politician, others called him a saint, and millions of Indians called him Mahatma or Bapu (father). Gandhi’s life was devoted to a search for truth, He believed that truth could be known only through tolerance and concern for others, and that finding a truthful way to solutions required constant attention. He dedicated himself to truth, to nonviolence, to purity, to poverty, to scripture-reading, to humility, to honesty, and to fearlessness. He called his autobiography, My Experiments with Truth. Gandhi overcame fear in himself and taught others to master fear. He believed in Ahimsa (nonviolence) and taught that to be truly nonviolent required courage. In his religious studies, he happened upon Leo Tolstoy’s Christian writings, and was inspired. It stated that all governments were based on war and violence, and that one could attack these only through passive resistance. This made a deep impression on Gandhi. Gandhi developed a method of direct social action, based upon principles of courage, nonviolence, and truth, which he called Satyagraha (nonviolent resistance). Satyagraha was used to fight for India’s independence and to bring about social change. In 1884, he founded the Natal Indian Congress to fight for Indian’s rights and he used and perfected the tool of Satyagraha in demanding and protecting the rights of the Indian community of South Africa. He would later use this tool in fighting the British for India’s independence. In 1906, Gandhi began his peaceful revolution. He declared he would go to jail or even die before obeying an anti-Asian law. Thousands of Indians joined him in this civil disobedience campaign. He started protest campaigns and organized demonstrations, but never used violence. His philosophy was never to fight back against the atrocities, but still never retreat. This, he said, would decrease the hate against him and his fellow believers and increase the respect felt towards him. Gandhi’s one aim was that everybody-Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs. Jews, Christians, black, white, and yellow-could live together in peace and harmony. On January 13, 1948, at the age of 78, Gandhi began his last protest. On January 18, their leaders pledged to stop fighting and Gandhi ceased his nonviolent attack. Twelve days later, on January 30, 1948, in Delhi, while on his way too his regular prayer meeting, Gandhi was shot and killed by a Hindu fanatic opposed to partition. Mahatma Gandhi was an astounding example of someone who was misunderstood, yet had great determination and beliefs. Throughout his life he brought attention to his beliefs of equality and nonviolence-two main factors of world peace. Hopefully, when his life accomplishments and beliefs are looked at and considered by all masses, Gandhi’s true intention could have a powerful effect on humanity, lead to a rebuilding of government and society and in effect –world peace. 1. Why does the author say that Gandhi’s life was filled with contradictions? A.Because the life of Mahatma Gandhi is certainly an extraordinary one. B.Because Gandhi was not skillful with any unusual artistic, scholarly, or scientific talents. C.Because he possessed an unusual combination of perceptions and values. D. Because Gandhi had fear in himself and overcame it and taught others to master fear. 2. Why did Gandhi dedicate himself to fearlessness and tried to overcome fear? A.Because he had to fight for India’s independence. B.Because he said that his life was experiments with truth. C.Because he intended to bring about social changes by Satyagraha. D. Because Leo Tolstoy’s idea that all governments are based on war and violence inspired him. 3. Mahatma Gandhi would be able to assist in today’s world peace in terms of A. equality and nonviolence B. truth and nonviolence C. honesty and fearlessness D. courage and determination Passage 2 Jane Shapiro’s, nasty new novel is about a woman who marries a very clumsy man. Dennis is sweet, overzealous and devoted as a dog, but he can’t walk into their Brooklyn brownstone without spilling blood-his or hers. She yells at him; he turns his back. They’re forty-something newlyweds-they try to work it out. As she says,” Often enough we thought about ourselves as so many …couples will: not beginning to hate. Struggling with love,” But the accidents pile up. Dennis breaks his wife’s arm; he gives her a concussion; he cracks her toe in 17 places. His clumsiness is a metaphor for everything a husband can do to drive a wife nuts. And our narrator-who doesn’t have a name –could be any wife in love with a husband who makes her miserable, a husband she can’t will her-self to leave. Bruised and limping, she comes to a hard realization: she must kill her husband before he kills her. Whether she’s delivering farce or marital wisdom. Shapiro-whose first novel was the well-received After Moondog -is as absurd as Jeanette Winterson and as acerbic as Lorrie Moore. To our narrator, a witty and agonizingly self-conscious photographer who’s more comfortable recording life than living it, marriage is a performance.” I encouraged myself, and began to rehearse, the attitude of the wise wife: implacable detached amusement commingled with dogged acceptance.” Her detachment can actually be measured –it’s the distance between her camera and her husband. She shoots every daily mess, every bump and fall. Dennis may be the clumsiest man alive, but, she reflects, maybe she’s the real monster, counting and cataloguing his sins. As Dennis tells her,” You’re telling bad stories about me.” He’s right. It’s her story to tell, and he’s trapped in it. Reflected in her lens, he’s made clumsier every day. The story falters when our narrator hires a novelist who moonlights as a hit man.(It’s an overdetermined bit of casting –so now all story- tellers are murderers?) Also, there are inevitable taste and tonal problems in a comic novel bristling with red flags for spousal abuse: our narrator loses all her friends, her husband warns her not to leave. Shortcomings aside, Shapiro’s surreal tragic-comedy tells the real story of a bad marriage-how two people can turn each other into monsters; how a whole is so much greater than the sum of its parts that it can gobble them up until there’s nothing left. 4. In the writer’s opinion, Shapiro in her novel describes Dennis as A. a monsterB. a victim C. an absurdist D. a comic character 5. Tile narrator of the novel A.works as a conscious photographer B.is a professional story-teller C.could represent Dennis’wife D. could be any wife in the world 6. The writer of this article thinks A.Dennis should be pitied B.Dennis’ wife should be pitied C.Neither of them should be pitied D. Both of them should be pitied Passage 3 “Culture is a core part of our identities as human beings, connected to our mother tongues, to our root assumptions about life and the world, to our ancestors and to the fundamental texts, written or unwritten, of our social world,” observes Kenneth Keniston, professor of human development in science, technology and society at MIT in Cambridge, Mass. Historcally, culture has been linked to the language, customs and beliefs of the ancestral village. But convergent technology may be changing that. In the industrial world, many children are now spending their formative years immersed in what pop-culture pundit Marshall McLuhan once called a “global village.” Linked by mass communications and multimedia networks, the world’s technologically-enabled youth are forging their shared affinities into a fledgling global culture with a decidedly Anglo-American accent. At the center of it all is the Internet. Each day, the Internet transmits millions of e-mails, digital photos, book-length c-texts, and compressed sound and video files. Streaming audio makes it possible to hear a Berlin radio station in New Delhi, or vice versa. Internet chat rooms and discussion groups are virtual town hall meetings where thousands congregate to exchange their views. Games are played. Friendships hatch. Businesses are launched. Romances bloom. Almost every human interaction that can happen in a school, office ,factory, caf or street corner is also taking place on the Internet. It is a seismic shift in human communications. “The Internet is fostering a ‘global culture,’” agrees Gigi Wang, senior vice president, communications, at the international marketing-research firm IDC.” The last change of this kind was from local to national economies-which was accompanied by a shift from railroads and radio to automobiles and television. Now, the change is fromnational economies to a global economy – accompanied by air travel and the Internet.” At Italy’s Unuversity of Bologna , David Ellwood, professor of history, emphasizies that the Internet does not create global culture, but that it “adds a new layer and speeds things up.” Global culture is big business, and Ellwood says that its genesis can be found in “the products of industries such as sports, film, photography, music and the airlines.” In Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ben Petraxxini, policy analyst for the International Tele –communications Union (ITU), also traces the emergence of global culture to corporate origins “ aided by the Internet.” Petrazzini sees the development of “creative and powerful” local content as an eventual counterbalance to the current U.S dominance of the Internet, Petrazzini’s main concern is not so much cultural homogenization associated with the spread of the Internet, but an exacerbation of the gap between young and old and between rich and poor. “The difference is huge, not only between countries but within them,” he says. Not everyone is keen on the idea that the Internet and mass media are starting to shape tomorrow’s culture. From France to China, there are official rumblings of discontent. But the same technologies that support the global economic system also underpin the trend toward a globalization of culture. Unless a society isolates itself from the global economy, new technologies will eventually circumvent governmental controls of cultural content. “Resistance is a losing battle,” concludes Eric Paulak, research director at the Gartner Group, in Stockholm,Sweden. 7. The author of the article tries to A.describe a global culture B.promote a global culture C.discuss a global culture D. introduce a global culture 8. Does the author worry about a global cult