外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)InternationalTra.ppt
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InternationalTrade MadebyStanney Warming up 1 Whatisinternationaltrade Internationaltrade alsocalledinternationalbusinessorforeigntrade occurswhengoodsandservicesareexchangedacrossnationalboundaries Nowadayswhentalkingaboutinternationaltradewedonot Warming up 1 Whatisinternationaltrade justmeansellingandbuyinggoodsonaninternationalscalebutalsosomecross bordereconomicactivitiessuchasoverseasinvestmentandcontractedprojects Warming up 1 Whatisinternationaltrade InternationaltradetakesplacewithintheframeworkofagreementsworkedbycountriesintheWorldTradeOrganization WTO Warming up 2 Whatdoyouthinkaboutinternationaltrade Fororagainstinternationaltrade Whydonationstradewitheachother Theanswerissimple Becausewecanreceivebenefitsormakegainsfromit Thechiefbenefitsfrominternationaltrade 1 Helpingtoraisethelivingstandardsofthepeople TaketheUnitedStates Agreatdealofitshighstandardoflivingdependsoninternationtrade WithoutinternationaltradetheUnitedStatescannotbecomeakingdomofautomobilesbecausemostofitsoilisimportedfromabroad 2 Helpingtoupgradeacountry smodernizationForeigntradecanhelpanationmakemoneyintheformofforeignexchangewhichcanbeusedtofinanceitspurchasesofhightechnologyneededforupgradingitsmodernizationandspeedingupitsindustrializationprocess 3 Helpingtosolveacountry sshortageofcapitalAlotofworld senterprises especiallythoseofthedevelopingnations areindesperateneedofcapital fortheir expansion foremployingworkers forbuyingrawmaterials forpurchasingadvancedequipmentandsoon Suchaproblemcanbesolvedbyattractingforeigninvestmentthroughformingjointventures 4 HelpingtosolveunemploymentproblemForbothdevelopedcoutriesanddevelopingcountries exporttradecanprovidemoreemploymentopportunities 5 HelpingtopromotemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentradingpartnersThroughforeigntradeacountrycanlearnmoreabouttheeconomicsituation legalsystem cultureandcustomsofitspartners Businesspeopleofdifferentconutriesbecomefriendsbytradingwithoneanother 6 Helpingtoboostacountry scompetitivenessintheworldmarket Ifadomesticbusinesswantstogainmarketaccesstoaforeigncountry itmustbeabletocompetewithitsrivalswithhighqualitygoods attractivedesigns andbetterafter salesservice 7 HelpingacountrytoaccelerateitsoveralleconomicgrowthAcaseinpoint In1970livingstandardsinGhana well knownforitscocoa andSouthKoreawereroughlycomparable Ghana sGNPpercapitawas 250 andSouthKorea swas 260 By1995 thesituationhaddramaticallychanged SouthKoreahadaGNPpercapitaof 9 700whileGhana sonly 390 reflectingvastlydifferenteconomicgrowthrates Between1968and1995 theaverageannualgrowthrateinGhana sGNPwasunder1 4 Incontrast SouthKoreaachievedagrowthrateofabout9 annuallyinthesameperiodoftime Whythesharpdifference Ofcoursethereisnoeasyanswerbecausemanyfactorsaffectacountry sgrowth Butonethingiscertain thatis theSouthKoreagovernmentimplementedpoliciesthatencouragedcompaniestoengageininternationtrade whiletheactionsoftheGhanaiangovernmentdiscourageddomesticproducersfrombecominginvolvedininternationaltrade Everytimewebuyaforeigncarweputsomeoneelseoutofwork WoodrowWyatt Britishpoliticianandwriter Importingcausesunemployment Warming up 3 Whysomepeopleinourcountrychooseimportedgoodsratherthandomesticallyproducedgoods HighqualityFashionstyleGooddesignReliableDurable Startup Doyouknowanyinternationaltradeorganizations 世界貿(mào)易組織 WTO 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織 IMF theInternationalMonetaryFund 世界銀行 國(guó)際復(fù)興開(kāi)發(fā)銀行theInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment 國(guó)際商會(huì) TheInternationalChamberofCommerce ICC 中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì) CCPIT ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade Startup FreeTradeorProtectionism Freetradeisasystemoftradepolicythatallowstraderstoactandortransactwithoutinterferencefromgovernment Itisaimedateliminationofallrestrictionsontradewithothercountriesornations ClassicaleconomistslikeAdamSmith believefreetradewillhelptheworldtoachievethemostefficientutilizationofitsresources maximizeworldwelfareandaccumulatecapital Underafreetradepolicy pricesareareflectionoftruesupplyanddemand andarethesoledeterminantofresourceallocation Intoday sworldnogovernmentisreallyorcompletelyfollowingthistypeoftradepolicy Protectionism Itmeansatradepolicybywhichagovernmentsetupcontrolsoveritsimporttradeforthepurposeofprotectingitseconomyfromforeigncompetitionandprovidespreferentialtreatmentandsubsidiestoitsownexportersorexportingfirms Almosteveryconutryinonewayoranotherpursuesthiskindoftradepolicy TradeBarriers 貿(mào)易壁壘 1 Quotas配額Aquotaisaquantitativerestrictionthatisexpressedintermsofeitherphysicalquantity orvalue 2 Tariffs關(guān)稅Itisadutytoorfeeleviedongoodsbeingimportedintothecountry下載提示(請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀)
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