2019高考英語一輪基礎梳理與練習 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 4　Earthquakes 【短文語法填空】 One night four college kids 1. (stay) out late，partying and having a good time.They paid no attention 2. the test that had been scheduled for the next day and didn’t study.In the morning，they hatched a plan to get out of 3. (take) their test.They covered 4. (they) with grease(潤滑油) and dirt and went to the Dean’s office 5. (nervous). Once there，they said they 6. (be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got 7. flat tire and had to push the car back to campus. The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep 8. (think)．Then he offered them a retest three days later.They thanked him and accepted his offer. 9． the test day arrived，they went to the Dean.The Dean put them all in separate 10. (room) for the test.They were fine with this since they had all studied hard.Then they saw the test.It had 2 questions. (1)Your Name (1 Points) (2)Which tire burst？ (99 Points) Options—(a)Front Left (b)Front Right (c)Back Left (d)Back Right 【解題導語】　本文主要講述了幾個大學生考前在外貪玩，之后撒謊逃避考試，系主任巧妙應對的有趣故事。 1．stayed　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。通讀文章和“One night”可知發(fā)生在過去，故填stayed。 2．to　解析：考查介詞。固定搭配pay attention to sth.意為“留心，注意某事”，故用介詞to。 3．taking　解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語，故填taking。 4．themselves　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，他們在自己身上抹上潤滑油和泥土。該空與句子主語“They”呼應，故用themselves作賓語。 5．nervously　解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。故用副詞nervously修飾動詞went。 6．had been　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。參加婚禮發(fā)生在他們陳述事件之前，表示過去的過去，故用過去完成時。 7．a　解析：考查冠詞。tire是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，又因flat的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。 8．thought　解析：考查名詞。deep是形容詞，修飾名詞，且be/get lost in thought為固定短語，意為“陷入沉思”，故用名詞thought。 9．When　解析：考查連詞。when引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候”，符合語境。 10．rooms　解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，系主任把他們安排在不同的房間，因此此處表示復數(shù)概念，故用rooms。 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) ②ruin n．廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產 ③trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境 ④destroy vt.毀壞；破壞；消滅 ⑤bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏 ⑥rescue vt. & n．救援；營救 ⑦damage n. & vt.損失；損害 ⑧express vt.表達；表示 n．快車；速遞 ⑨judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決 judgment n．判斷 ⑩injure vt.損害；傷害 injured adj.受傷的 injury n．傷害；損害 ?frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬 frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的 frightening adj.令人恐懼的 ?shock n．休克；震驚；打擊 vt. & vi.使震驚；震動 shocked adj.震驚的 shocking adj.令人震驚的 2．常考詞匯 ①congratulation n．祝賀 pl.賀詞 ②event n．事件；大事 ③suffering n．苦難；痛苦 ④disaster n．災難；災禍 ⑤shelter n．遮蔽處；避身處；掩蔽 ⑥sincerely adv.真誠地；真摯地 ⑦track n．軌道；足跡；痕跡 ⑧nation n．民族；國家；國民 national adj.國家的，民族的 ⑨useless adj.無用的；無效的；無益的 useful adj.有用的 ⑩extreme adj.極度的 extremely adv.極其，非常 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．I got a rescue (rescue) call from a woman in Muttontown.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely (extreme) popular with the public. (2017全國卷Ⅱ) 3．Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national (nation) emergency.(2016北京卷) 4．Larry told her that she should not move in case she injured (injure) her neck. (2016全國Ⅰ卷) 5．The art world gave me a chance to_express (express) myself without words.(2016天津卷) 6．Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment (judge)．(2016江蘇卷) 7．A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江卷) 8．Many of the images were stored in the damaged (damage) wooden ship. (2016全國卷Ⅱ) 9．She encouraged a sense of munity by creating shelters (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 10．The people trapped (trap) in highrise buildings inspired Natalie most.(2016北京卷) ?“天氣及自然災害”相關單詞總匯 ①disaster n．災難；不幸 ②earthquake n．地震 ③drought n．旱災；干旱 ④eruption n．(火山)噴發(fā) ⑤thunder n. & v．雷聲；打雷 ⑥lightning n．閃電 ⑦shower n．陣雨 ⑧thunderstorm n．雷暴 ⑨t(yī)ornado n．龍卷風 ⑩hurricane n．颶風 ?typhoon n．臺風 ?tsunami n．海嘯 ?haze n．霧霾 ?“破壞”家族 ①damage n. & vt.損失；損害 ②destroy vt.毀壞；毀掉 ③ruin n. & vt.毀滅；廢墟 ?“adj. ＋ity＝n.”薈萃 ①electricity電 ②popularity受歡迎，流行 ③reality現(xiàn)實 ④similarity相似點 ⑤security安全 ⑥equality平等 ⑦nationality國籍 ⑧personality個性 ⑨activity活動 ⑩majority大多數(shù) ?過去式、過去分詞仍是動詞原形的不規(guī)則動詞小結 ①burst破裂；爆發(fā) ②cut切，剪，割，削 ③hurt傷害 ④broadcast播放 ⑤cost花費 ⑥set放置 ⑦shut關閉 ⑧split撕裂 ⑨spread伸展，張開 ⑩upset擾亂 【完形填空】 One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__. Like many other parents，mine were hard to __2__ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees. In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “__8__”，and she called my parents __9__ to say she was ing for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner. On the __11__ Sunday，we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there. When Christmas __16__，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October. 1．A.distinctive　　　　B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 2．A.shop B．represent C．answer D．care 3．A.deserve B．appreciate C．advertise D．imagine 4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 6．A.frighten B．assist C．surprise D．reward 7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 10．A.service B．action C．effect D．production 11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 14．A.delighted B．annoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 17．A.generous B．additional C．double D．special 18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 【解題導語】本文為記敘文，涉及家庭關系話題。作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別的方式給其父母帶來驚喜的經歷。 1．D　上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此處應是母親也欣然同意，認為楓樹很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“與眾不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姊妹幾人為父母買禮物的內容可知，此處指作者覺得給父母買東西是很難的，故選shop“購物”。 3．B　根據(jù)上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內容可知，此處指作者認為這是一個給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機會。deserve“值得，應得”；appreciate“感激，欣賞”；advertise“為……做廣告”；imagine“想象”。 4．C　根據(jù)下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班時查看了一下楓樹的價格(price)，認為它的價格比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點。express“快遞”。 5．A　參見上題解析。 6．C　從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來幫忙實施這個計劃以及計劃具體實施的內容可知，作者他們想給父母一個驚喜(surprise)。assist“幫助，協(xié)助”。 7．B　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過一個特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結冰”符合語境。soften“變軟，軟化”。 8．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者詢問姑姑是否可以幫忙實施這個“騙局(trick)”。 9．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)給作者的父母打電話說她會在周日來拜訪。in time“及時”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動起來。go into action“行動起來”符合語境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投產”。 11．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的(chosen)那個周日聚到自己家里。regular“慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。 12．B　根據(jù)下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。transport“運輸，運送”；transplant“移植”。 13．A　根據(jù)下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己裝扮(dressed up)成圣誕老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充為……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……當做……”；start out as“以……開始，起初是……”。 14．D　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父親一開始堅信哪里出了問題。convinced“確信，堅信”符合語境。 15．C　根據(jù)語境可知，當我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?why)會在那里的時候，父母感到很吃驚。 16．A　根據(jù)下文的內容可知，當又到圣誕節(jié)時，作者他們去探望父母。e around“再次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”；draw in“(白天變得)漸短”。 17．C　根據(jù)上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他們在十月份的時候已經為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物，而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來的時候，他們又不能空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的(double)圣誕節(jié)禮物。additional“額外的”。 18．D　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，時隔幾乎半個世紀之后，當作者看到那些高大、漂亮的楓樹(trees)時依然(still)會面帶微笑地駛過那個農場。 19．B　參見上題解析。 20．B　作者看著那些楓樹時，會想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是關鍵提示。donation“捐贈物”；greeting“問候”。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．be＋過去分詞/形容詞＋介詞 ①be buried in埋頭于 ②be trapped in陷入 ③be proud of以……而自豪 2．介詞＋名詞 ①at an end結束；終結 ②in ruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪 3．其他形式 ①dig out掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) ②judging from從……判斷 ③right away立刻；馬上 ④think little/nothing of以為……沒什么了不起 ⑤a (great) number of許多；大量的 ⑥as if仿佛；好像 用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空 1．Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bicycle as_if it were a kill.(2017浙江卷) 2．They didn’t think_much_of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.(2017浙江卷) 3．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.(2016北京) 4．Just wait a few minutes. We’ll be back right_away. 5．She was_trapped_in the burning house, which worried her parents. “in＋n.”表狀態(tài)集錦 ①in battle在戰(zhàn)斗中 ②in tears流著淚，在哭著 ③in debt負債，欠賬 ④in place在合適的位置，適當?shù)? ⑤in danger在危險中 ⑥in trouble/difficulty處于困境中 ⑦in sight被見到，在視線之內 ⑧in order秩序井然，整齊 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通 背原句 學句型 練仿寫 1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農家大院里，雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。 too...to...意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義。 我們本打算旅游兩天，但是太忙了，抽不出時間。 We had intended to take a twoday trip, but we were_too_busy_to_afford it. 2.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ as if“好像；似乎；仿佛”。后常接表語從句或方式狀語從句，若表示非真實情況常用虛擬語氣。 這個講故事的人以一種生動的方式給我們講故事，好像他親身經歷過的一樣。 The storyteller was telling us a story in a vivid way as_if_he_had_experienced_it_himself. 3.All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。 本句是部分否定。All...not...＝Not all...“并不是所有的……都……”。 并非所有的學生都遵守學校規(guī)章制度，因此作為一名老師，我們應嚴格要求他們。 All_students_don’t_obey/Not_all_students_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them. 【七選五】 Social Phobia It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to.　 1 　It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel unfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety). 　 2 　It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further. It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and municating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice.　 3 　 Therapists (治療師) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overe it. And family or friends are especially important for them.　4　Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way. Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more fortable.　 5 　As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel unfortable and more about what might be fun. A. Friends can overe their fears. B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme. C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates. D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities. E. It also takes a mitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy. F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step. G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是社交恐懼癥的危害和解決辦法。 1.B 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知此處表示＂對于某些人來說，這種焦慮可能是極端的。＂，故選B。 2.D 【解析】根據(jù)本段的內容可知，本段表示的是社交恐懼癥的不良影響，與D項（社交恐懼癥使人孤獨或對錯過的機會感到失望）一致，故選D。 4.G 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知此處表示家人和朋友的支持在幫助克服社交恐懼癥時的重要性，與G項一致，故選G。 5.F 【解析】根據(jù)上下句可知此處表示＂每一步的成功幫助建立足夠的信心進行下一步＂，故選F。