電大【建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)】綜合練習(xí)及答案參考小抄

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1、專業(yè)好文檔 【建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)】綜合練習(xí)及答案 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)綜合練習(xí)及答案 一、選擇題 1．用量綱分析法進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)模型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，下列哪一個(gè)量綱不屬于基本量綱？（ ） A．質(zhì)量M ； B．應(yīng)力σ； C．長度L ； D．時(shí)間T。（ ） 2．下列鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的承載力極限標(biāo)志中，哪一條不正確？（ ） A． 跨中最大撓度達(dá)到跨度的1／50； B． 受拉主筋重心處裂縫寬度達(dá)到1.5mm； C． 剪力區(qū)，受壓混凝土剪壓

2、破壞或斜壓破壞； D． 主筋端部相對(duì)混凝土滑移達(dá)0．1mm。 3．建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的模型試驗(yàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，做如下表述中，哪一點(diǎn)是不以的？（ ） A． 制作容易，節(jié)省材料、時(shí)間、人力； B． 可以根據(jù)試驗(yàn)?zāi)康模怀鲋饕蛩?，針?duì)性強(qiáng)； C． 可以嚴(yán)格控制其主要參數(shù)，避免許多外界因素干擾，保證數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確； D． 能表達(dá)實(shí)體的一切特征。 4．在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)中，下列何種加載方法既能較好地模擬地震又有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能？（ ） A．采用機(jī)械式偏心激振器激振 ； B．采用地震模擬振動(dòng)臺(tái)； C．采用炸藥爆炸模擬人工地震； D．采用電磁激

3、振器激振。 5．貼電阻片處的應(yīng)變?yōu)?00με，電阻片的靈敏系數(shù)K＝2．0，在這個(gè)電阻片上應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的電阻變化率應(yīng)是下列哪一個(gè)？（ ） A．0．2％ B．0．4％ C．0．1％ D．0．3％ 6．測(cè)量下列截面的內(nèi)力值，哪一種應(yīng)變計(jì)布置不符合測(cè)量要求？（ ） A B C D 測(cè)軸力 (N) 測(cè)軸力與彎矩(N,Mx) 測(cè)軸力 (N) 測(cè)軸力與彎矩(N,M

4、x,My) 7．鋼筋混凝土梁受集中荷載作用，按下圖各截面的測(cè)點(diǎn)布置，哪一組應(yīng)變測(cè)點(diǎn)可作為校核測(cè)點(diǎn)？（ ） ① ② ③ ④ A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 8. 用下列方法檢測(cè)混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)，哪一種最可靠？（ ） A． 用超聲法測(cè)定混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)；

5、 B．用鉆芯法測(cè)定混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)； C. 用回彈法測(cè)定混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)； D．用超聲－回彈法測(cè)定混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)。 9.．用下列四種量測(cè)方法測(cè)量梁的正截面裂縫寬度，哪一種最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？（ ） A． 取側(cè)面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度 B．取底面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度 C．取受拉主鋼筋重心處的最大裂縫寬度 D．取側(cè)面和底面三條最大裂縫平均寬度 10.結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)前，應(yīng)進(jìn)行預(yù)載，以下哪一條不當(dāng)？（ ） A． 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)載值不宜超過開裂荷載計(jì)算值70％ B． 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)載值可以超過開裂荷載計(jì)算值 C． 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)載值

6、可以加到使用荷載 D． 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)載值可以加至正常使用荷載 二．判斷題（下列論述，對(duì)的畫√，錯(cuò)誤的畫） 1．結(jié)構(gòu)靜力試驗(yàn)加載分級(jí)是為了便于觀察變形與荷載的關(guān)系。（ ） 2．研究結(jié)構(gòu)在荷載作用下的彈性、彈塑性直至破壞各階段全過程的工作性能，應(yīng)取彈性模型進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。（ ） 3．移動(dòng)荷載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)撓度往往比靜撓度小。（ ） 4．結(jié)構(gòu)靜力試驗(yàn)時(shí)，安裝在結(jié)構(gòu)上的儀表，要求剛度小，不影響被測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的工作性能。（ ） 5．測(cè)量結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)時(shí)，安裝在結(jié)構(gòu)上的振動(dòng)傳感器的質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡可能大，才能不影響結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)特性。（ ） 三．簡答題

7、 1．試述測(cè)量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）？ 2.生產(chǎn)檢驗(yàn)性試驗(yàn)與研究性試驗(yàn)，荷載分級(jí)有哪些相同的？ 3.靜力試驗(yàn)中，各級(jí)荷載下的恒載持續(xù)時(shí)間是如何規(guī)定的？ 4.怎樣確定開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值？ 5.一個(gè)截面對(duì)稱的構(gòu)件，承受彎矩與軸力共同作用，如圖所示，用電阻應(yīng)變儀測(cè)量彎矩引起的最大應(yīng)變。試擬定一個(gè)測(cè)試方案，并列出應(yīng)變儀讀數(shù)與實(shí)際應(yīng)變的關(guān)系？ P M M P 6.測(cè)定結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性的方法有哪幾種？ 7．下圖為低周反復(fù)荷載試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。試說明圖中所示四點(diǎn)的強(qiáng)度的定義。 8．一根

8、端部作用著荷載的懸臂梁，按最大撓度（ ）相似設(shè)計(jì)模型，簡述確定相似常數(shù)的過程。 參考答案： 一、選擇題 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D 8. B 9．C 10．B 二．判斷題（下列論述，對(duì)的畫√，錯(cuò)誤的畫） 1．√ 2． 3． 4．√ 5． 三．簡答題 1．答：①電阻應(yīng)變計(jì)；②手持式應(yīng)變計(jì)；③振弦式應(yīng)變計(jì)。 2.答：①達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載之前，每級(jí)加載值不應(yīng)大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的20%，一般分五級(jí)加至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載；②標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載之后，每級(jí)不宜大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載的10%；③對(duì)于鋼筋混凝土或預(yù)應(yīng)力構(gòu)件，加載到開裂荷載的90%后，也應(yīng)改為不大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的5%施加，直至

9、第一條裂縫出現(xiàn)，開裂后再恢復(fù)到正常加載程序。 3.答：①混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的級(jí)間停留時(shí)間不得少于10～15min，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)取10min，砌體和木結(jié)構(gòu)也可參照?qǐng)?zhí)行。 ②在正常使用極限狀態(tài)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載作用下的持續(xù)時(shí)間不應(yīng)少于30min，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)也不宜少于30min，砌體為30min的6倍；木結(jié)構(gòu)不小于24小時(shí)；拱式磚石結(jié)構(gòu)或混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)不小于72小時(shí)。 ③對(duì)于預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件的研究性試驗(yàn)，達(dá)到開裂荷載計(jì)算值仍未開裂，應(yīng)持續(xù)30min(檢驗(yàn)性構(gòu)件不受此限制)。 ④對(duì)于采用新材料、新工藝、新結(jié)構(gòu)形式的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，或跨度較大(大于12m)的屋架、桁架等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，為了確保使用期間的安全，要求在正常使用極限狀態(tài)短期試驗(yàn)

10、荷載作用下的持續(xù)時(shí)間不宜少于12h，在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)變形繼續(xù)增長而無穩(wěn)定趨勢(shì)時(shí)，還應(yīng)延長持續(xù)時(shí)間直至變形發(fā)展穩(wěn)定為止。 4.答：①如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時(shí)間結(jié)束后出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級(jí)荷載定為開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。②如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級(jí)荷載與前一級(jí)荷載的平均值定為開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。③如果沒有及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)第一條裂縫，可取荷載—撓度曲線上的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)（曲線第一彎轉(zhuǎn)段兩端點(diǎn)切線的交點(diǎn)）的荷載值作為構(gòu)件的開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。 5.答：①如圖，在截面的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼一片電阻片； ②按半橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C端 ； ③=2。 （或：①如右圖，在截面

11、的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼兩片電阻片； ②按全橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B及C、D端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C及D、A端 ； ③=4。) 6.答：①自由振動(dòng)法；②共振法；③脈動(dòng)法。 7．答： ①開裂強(qiáng)度 試件出現(xiàn)垂直裂縫或斜裂縫時(shí)的截面內(nèi)力(Mf，Nf，Vf)或應(yīng)力(σf，τf)值。 ②屈服強(qiáng)度 試件剛度開始明顯變化時(shí)的截面內(nèi)力(MY，NY，VY)或應(yīng)力(fY，fY)值。 ③極限強(qiáng)度 試件達(dá)到最大承載能力時(shí)的截面內(nèi)力(Mmax，Nmax，Vmax)或應(yīng)力(σmax，τmax)值。 ④破損強(qiáng)度 試件經(jīng)歷最大承載

12、能力后，達(dá)到某一剩余承載能力時(shí)的截面內(nèi)力(MP，NP，VP)或應(yīng)力(σP，τP)值。目前試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)程規(guī)定可取極限強(qiáng)度的85％。 8．答：①按公式求相似判據(jù)π： ②將相似判據(jù)換算成相似指標(biāo)，并令其為1，即： ③確定相應(yīng)的相似常數(shù)：設(shè)材料相同、，最大撓度相同；則可求得： Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg

13、 injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA. Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening da

14、y. Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight. But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. The Kiwi -

15、with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011. "Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) ai

16、r up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya To

17、ure," he told BBC Sport. "For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was." Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs gov

18、erning body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. Th

19、e supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move throug

20、h the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As

21、he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. They blew it in 2008 when the

22、y got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester. Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournamen

23、t. That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then. They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a

24、good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates. It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final. In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis

25、at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday. The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence. They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion. 6 找那些找不到的電大作業(yè)答案，百度一下‘電大天堂’