Module 6走進高考文化品格滲透

《Module 6走進高考文化品格滲透》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《Module 6走進高考文化品格滲透（11頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、走進高考 文化品格滲透Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications 試題出處試題信息語篇概要文化品格2017北京卷閱讀理解D人類應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對人工智能的安全問題。樹立科技服務(wù)于人類的價值觀。 Hollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪惡的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may

2、 become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener，who founded the field of cybernetics(控制論)，put it this way: “ If we use，to achieve our purposes，a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干預(yù))，w

3、e had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine，this quality is not in-born，nor is it

4、something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee，it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or

5、 even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful，then，we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined，super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own，with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing su

6、ch a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately，that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to inven

7、t a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans，let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should no

8、t be dismissed out of hand，as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just “ switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid t

9、o think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11,1933，famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated，with confidence，“ Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However，on September 12,1933，ph

10、ysicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo)) nuclear chain reaction. 67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may_.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human s real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“ artificial intell

11、igence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want(人工智能可能會變得極度善于達成某事而不是我們真正想要的那樣)”可知，人工智能可能會超出人類的控制，故選A項。 解析 答案67 68 69 70 68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _.A.prevent themselves from be

12、ing destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches 解析 答案 67 68 69 70 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“ machines with specific purposes”可定位到第二段第一句“ A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually ass

13、ociate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence.”由此可知，機器人要保證自己的存在，即A項“避免它們自己被毀掉”。 67 68 69 70 69.According to some researchers，we can use firewalls to _.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots af

14、fecting the world解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第二句“ Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，一些研究者認(rèn)為，我們可以用防火墻防止機器人影響真實世界，故選D項“避免機器人影響世界”。 解析 答案67 68 69 70 70.What does the author think o

15、f the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade. 解析 答案解析觀點態(tài)度題。由最后一段首句“ Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，作者認(rèn)為，解決人工智能的安全問題是可能的，但并非易事，故選C項。67 68 69 70