單級蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計【一級蝸輪蝸桿減速器】【F=3KN v=1.2m-s D=310】【說明書+CAD】
單級蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計【一級蝸輪蝸桿減速器】【F=3KN v=1.2m-s D=310】【說明書+CAD】,一級蝸輪蝸桿減速器,F=3KN v=1.2m-s D=310,說明書+CAD,單級蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計【一級蝸輪蝸桿減速器】【F=3KN,v=1.2m-s,D=310】【說明書+CAD】,蝸輪,蝸桿,減速器
蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計說明書學(xué)校:班級:姓名: 學(xué)號: 目 錄第一章1.1 本課題的設(shè)計背景和意義 11.2 減速器的發(fā)展 11.3 本設(shè)計的要求 21.4 研究內(nèi)容 2第二章2.1 傳動裝置的總體設(shè)計 42.2 傳動零件的設(shè)計計算 72.3 軸的設(shè)計 14第三章3.1 蝸輪軸的軸承的選擇和計算 203.2 蝸桿軸的軸承的選擇和計算 213.3 減速器鑄造箱體的主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 21第四章4.1鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和強(qiáng)度校核 234.2 聯(lián)軸器的選擇和計算 2443 減速器的潤滑 2444 部分零件加工工藝過程 25結(jié)論 29參考文獻(xiàn) 30一級蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計說明書第一章 緒論1.1本課題的背景及意義計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計及輔助制造(CAD/CAM)技術(shù)是當(dāng)今設(shè)計以及制造領(lǐng)域廣泛采用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。本次設(shè)計是蝸輪蝸桿減速器,通過本課題的設(shè)計,將進(jìn)一步深入地對這一技術(shù)進(jìn)行深入地了解和學(xué)習(xí)。1.1.1 本設(shè)計的設(shè)計要求機(jī)械零件的設(shè)計是整個機(jī)器設(shè)計工作中的一項重要的具體內(nèi)容,因此,必須從機(jī)器整體出發(fā)來考慮零件的設(shè)計。設(shè)計零件的步驟通常包括:選擇零件的類型;確定零件上的載荷;零件失效分析;選擇零件的材料;通過承載能力計算初步確定零件的主要尺寸;分析零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)合理性;作出零件工作圖和不見裝配圖。對一些由專門工廠大批生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是根據(jù)機(jī)器工作要求和承載能力計算,由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中合理選擇。根據(jù)工藝性及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化等原則對零件進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,是分析零部件結(jié)構(gòu)合理性的基礎(chǔ)。有了準(zhǔn)確的分析和計算,而如果零件的結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,則不僅不能省工省料,甚至使相互組合的零件不能裝配成合乎機(jī)器工作和維修要求的良好部件,或者根本裝不起來。1.2.(1)國內(nèi)減速機(jī)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展?fàn)顩r國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動,蝸桿傳動為主,但普遍存在著功率與重量比小,或者傳動比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點。由于在傳動的理論上,工藝水平和材料品質(zhì)方面沒有突破,因此沒能從根本上解決傳遞功率大,傳動比大,體積小,重量輕,機(jī)械效率高等這些基本要求。 (2)國外減速機(jī)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展?fàn)顩r國外的減速器,以德國、丹麥和日本處于領(lǐng)先地位,特別在材料和制造工藝方面占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,減速器工作可靠性好,使用壽命長。但其傳動形式仍以定軸齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動為主,體積和重量問題也未能解決好。當(dāng)今的減速器是向著大功率、大傳動比、小體積、高機(jī)械效率以及使用壽命長的方向發(fā)展。 1.3.本設(shè)計的要求本設(shè)計的設(shè)計要求機(jī)械零件的設(shè)計是整個機(jī)器設(shè)計工作中的一項重要的具體內(nèi)容,因此,必須從機(jī)器整體出發(fā)來考慮零件的設(shè)計計算,而如果零件的結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,則不僅不能省工省料,甚至使相互組合的零件不能裝配成合乎機(jī)器工作和維修要求的良好部件,或者根本裝不起來。機(jī)器的經(jīng)濟(jì)性是一個綜合性指標(biāo),設(shè)計機(jī)器時應(yīng)最大限度的考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)性。提高設(shè)計制造經(jīng)濟(jì)性的主要途徑有:盡量采用先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論個方法,力求參數(shù)最優(yōu)化,以及應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù),加快設(shè)計進(jìn)度,降低設(shè)計成本;合理的組織設(shè)計和制造過程;最大限度地采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化及通用化零部件;合理地選擇材料,改善零件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性,盡可能采用新材料、新結(jié)構(gòu)、新工藝和新技術(shù),使其用料少、質(zhì)量輕、加工費用低、易于裝配盡力改善機(jī)器的造型設(shè)計,擴(kuò)大銷售量。提高機(jī)器使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性的主要途徑有:提高機(jī)器的機(jī)械化、自動化水平,以提高機(jī)器的生產(chǎn)率和生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量;選用高效率的傳動系統(tǒng)和支承裝置,從而降低能源消耗和生產(chǎn)成本;注意采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆雷o(hù)、潤滑和密封裝置,以延長機(jī)器的使用壽命,并避免環(huán)境污染。機(jī)器在預(yù)定工作期限內(nèi)必須具有一定的可靠性。提高機(jī)器可靠度的關(guān)鍵是提高其組成零部件的可靠度。此外,從機(jī)器設(shè)計的角度考慮,確定適當(dāng)?shù)目煽啃运?,力求結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,減少零件數(shù)目,盡可能選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件及可靠零件,合理設(shè)計機(jī)器的組件和部件以及必要時選取較大的安全系數(shù)等,對提高機(jī)器可靠度也是十分有效的。1.4.研究內(nèi)容(設(shè)計內(nèi)容) (1)蝸輪蝸桿減速器的特點 蝸輪蝸桿減速器的特點是具有反向自鎖功能,可以有較大的減速化,輸入軸和輸出軸不在同一軸線上,也不在同一平面上。但是一般體積較大,傳動效率不高,精度不高。 蝸輪蝸桿減速器是以蝸桿為主動裝置,實現(xiàn)傳動和制動的一種機(jī)械裝置。當(dāng)蝸桿作為傳動裝置時,在蝸輪蝸桿共同作用下,使機(jī)器運行起來,在此過程中蝸桿傳動基本上克服了以往帶傳動的摩擦損耗;在蝸桿作為制動裝置時,蝸輪,蝸桿的嚙合,可使機(jī)器在運行時停下來,這個過程中蝸桿蝸輪的嚙合靜摩擦達(dá)到最大,可使運動中的機(jī)器在瞬間停止。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中既節(jié)省了時間又增加了生產(chǎn)效率,而在工藝裝備的機(jī)械減速裝置,深受用戶的美譽(yù),是眼前當(dāng)代工業(yè)裝備實現(xiàn)大小扭矩,大速比,低噪音,高穩(wěn)定機(jī)械減速傳動獨攬裝置的最佳選擇。(2)方案擬訂 A、箱體(1):蝸輪蝸桿箱體內(nèi)壁線的確定; (2):軸承孔尺寸的確定;(3):箱體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計;a.箱體壁厚及其結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的確定 b. 軸承旁連接螺栓凸臺結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的確定c.確定箱蓋頂部外表面輪廓 d. 外表面輪廓確定箱座高度和油面e. 輸油溝的結(jié)構(gòu)確定 f. 箱蓋、箱座凸緣及連接螺栓的布置B、軸系部件(1) 蝸輪蝸桿減速器軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計a. 軸的徑向尺寸的確定 b. 軸的軸向尺寸的確定(2)軸系零件強(qiáng)度校核 a. 軸的強(qiáng)度校核 b. 滾動軸承壽命的校核計算C、減速器附件a.窺視孔和視孔蓋 b. 通氣器 c. 軸承蓋 d. 定位銷 e. 油面指示裝置 f. 油塞 g. 起蓋螺釘 h. 起吊裝置第二章 減速器的總體設(shè)計2.1 傳動裝置的總體設(shè)計2.1.1 擬訂傳動方案本傳動裝置用于帶式運輸機(jī),工作參數(shù):運輸帶工作拉力F=3KN,工作速度=1.2m/s,滾筒直徑D=310mm,傳動效率=0.96,(包括滾筒與軸承的效率損失)兩班制,連續(xù)單向運轉(zhuǎn),載荷較平穩(wěn);使用壽命8年。環(huán)境最高溫度80。本設(shè)計擬采用蝸輪蝸桿減速器,傳動簡圖如圖6.1所示。圖6.1 傳動裝置簡圖1電動機(jī) 2、4聯(lián)軸器 3級蝸輪蝸桿減速器5傳動滾筒 6輸送帶2.1.2 電動機(jī)的選擇(1)選擇電動機(jī)的類型按工作條件和要求,選用一般用途的Y系列三相異步電動機(jī),封閉式結(jié)構(gòu),電壓380V。(2)選擇電動機(jī)的功率電動機(jī)所需的功率 = /式中 工作機(jī)要求的電動機(jī)輸出功率,單位為KW; 電動機(jī)至工作機(jī)之間傳動裝置的總效率; 工作機(jī)所需輸入功率,單位為KW;輸送機(jī)所需的功率輸送機(jī)所需的功率P=Fv1000w=30001.210000.8=4.5 kW電動機(jī)所需的功率= = =0.990.990.80.990.990.76=4.50.8=5.92kW查表,選取電動機(jī)的額定功率=7.5kw。(3)選擇電動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速傳動滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速=73.96 r/min由表推薦的傳動比的合理范圍,取蝸輪蝸桿減速器的傳動比=1040,故電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的可選范圍為:= n=(1040)73.96=740-2959r/min符合這范圍的電動機(jī)同步轉(zhuǎn)速有750、1000、1500、3000 r/min四種,現(xiàn)以同步轉(zhuǎn)速1000 r/min和1500 r/min兩種常用轉(zhuǎn)速的電動機(jī)進(jìn)行分析比較。綜合考慮電動機(jī)和傳動裝置的尺寸、重量、價格、傳動比及市場供應(yīng)情況,選取比較合適的方案,現(xiàn)選用型號為Y132M4。2.1.3 確定傳動裝置的傳動比及其分配減速器總傳動比及其分配:減速器總傳動比i=144073.96=19.47式中i傳動裝置總傳動比工作機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速,單位r/min電動機(jī)的滿載轉(zhuǎn)速,單位r/min2.1.4 計算傳動裝置的運動和動力參數(shù)(1)各軸的輸入功率軸P= P=5.920.990.99=5.8kW軸P= P=5.80.990.990.8=4.54kW(2)各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速電動機(jī): =1440 r/min軸:n= =1440 r/min軸:n=144019.47=73.96 r/min(3)各軸的輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩電動機(jī)軸:=9550pd/nm=95505.921440=39.26Nm軸:T= 9550p1/n1=95505.8/1440=38.46Nm軸:T= 9550p2/n2=95504.54/73.96=586.22Nm上述計算結(jié)果匯見表3-1表3-1傳動裝置運動和動力參數(shù)輸入功率(kW)轉(zhuǎn)速n(r/min)輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩(Nm)傳動比效率電動機(jī)軸5.92144039.2610.98軸5.8144038.3619.470.784軸4.5473.96586.222.2 傳動零件的設(shè)計計算2.2.1 蝸輪蝸桿傳動設(shè)計一.選擇蝸輪蝸桿類型、材料、精度根據(jù)GB/T10085-1988的推薦,采用漸開線蝸桿(ZI)蝸桿材料選用45鋼,整體調(diào)質(zhì),表面淬火,齒面硬度4550HRC。蝸輪齒圈材料選用ZCuSn10Pb1,金屬模鑄造,滾銑后加載跑合,8級精度,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保證側(cè)隙c。二.計算步驟1.按接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計設(shè)計公式mm(1) 選z1,z2:查表7.2取z1=2,z2= z1n1n2=2144073.96=38.9439. z2在3064之間,故合乎要求。初估=0.82(2)蝸輪轉(zhuǎn)矩T2: T2=T1i=9.551065.819.470.821440=614113.55 Nmm(3)載荷系數(shù)K:因載荷平穩(wěn),查表7.8取K=1.1 (4)材料系數(shù)ZE查表7.9,ZE=156 (5)許用接觸應(yīng)力0H查表7.10,0H=220 Mpa N=60jn2Lh=6073.96112000=5.325107ZN=0.81135338H=ZN0H= 0.81135338220=178.5 Mpa(6)md1:md1 =1.1614113.55=2358.75mm(7)初選m,d1的值:查表7.1取m=6.3,d1=63md1=2500.472358.75(8)導(dǎo)程角 tan= =0.2=arctan0.2=11.3(9)滑動速度VsVs= =4.84m/s(10)嚙合效率由Vs=4.84 m/s查表得 =1161 =0.2/0.223=0.896(11)傳動效率取軸承效率 2=0.99 ,攪油效率3=0.98=123=0.8960.990.98=0.87T2=T1i=9.551065.819.470.871440=651559.494Nmm(12)檢驗md1的值md1=0.651559.494=18202500.47原選參數(shù)滿足齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度要求2.確定傳動的主要尺寸m=6.3mm,=63mm,z1=2,z2=39(1) 中心距aa=154.35mm (2)蝸桿尺寸分度圓直徑d1 d1=63mm齒頂圓直徑da1 da1=d1+2ha1=(63+26.3)=75.6mm齒根圓直徑df1 df1=d12hf=6326.3(1+0.2)=47.88mm導(dǎo)程角 tan=11.30993247 右旋軸向齒距 Px1=m=3.146.3=19.78mm齒輪部分長度b1 b1m(11+0.06z2)=6.3(11+0.0639)=84.04mm取b1=90mm(2)蝸輪尺寸分度圓直徑d2 d2=mz2=6.339=245.7mm齒頂高 ha2=ha*m=6.31=6.3mm齒根高 hf2= (ha*+c*)m=(1+0.2)6.3=7.56mm齒頂圓直徑da2 da2=d2+2ha2=245.7+26.31.2=230.58mm齒根圓直徑df2 df2=d22m(ha*+c*)=38419.2=364.8mm導(dǎo)程角 tan=11.30993247 右旋軸向齒距 Px2=Px1= m=3.146.3=19.78mm蝸輪齒寬b2 b2=0.75da1=0.7575.6=56.7mm齒寬角 sin(/2)=b2/d1=56.763=0.9蝸輪咽喉母圓半徑 rg2=ada22=154.35129.15=25.2mm(3)熱平衡計算估算散熱面積A A=驗算油的工作溫度ti室溫:通常取。散熱系數(shù):Ks=20 W/()。73.4580油溫未超過限度(4) 潤滑方式根據(jù)Vs=4.84m/s,查表7.14,采用浸油潤滑,油的運動粘度V40=35010-6/s(5)蝸桿、蝸輪軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(單位:mm)蝸輪軸的設(shè)計最小直徑估算dminc c查機(jī)械設(shè)計表11.3得 c=120 dmin=120 =47.34根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計表11.5,選dmin=48d1= dmin+2a =56 a(0.070.1) dmin=4.084d2=d1+ (15)mm=56+4=60d3=d2+ (15)mm=60+5=65d4=d3+2a=65+26=77 a(0.070.1) d3=5.5256h由機(jī)械設(shè)計表11.4查得 h=5.5b=1.4h=1.45.5=7.78d5=d42h=7725.5=66d6=d2=60l1=70+2=72蝸桿軸的設(shè)計最小直徑估算dminc = 120=19.09 取dmin=30d1=dmin+2a=20+22.5=35 a=(0.070.1)dmind2=d1+(15)=35+5=40d3=d2+2a=40+22=44 a=(0.070.1)d2d4=d2=40h查機(jī)械設(shè)計表11.4蝸桿和軸做成一體,即蝸桿軸。蝸輪采用輪箍式,青銅輪緣與鑄造鐵心采用H7/s6配合,并加臺肩和螺釘固定,螺釘選6個 幾何尺寸計算結(jié)果列于下表:名 稱代號計算公式結(jié) 果蝸桿中 心 距=a=154.35傳 動 比i=19.47蝸桿分度圓柱的導(dǎo)程角蝸桿軸向壓力角標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值齒 數(shù)z1=2分度圓直徑齒頂圓直徑齒根圓直徑=47.88蝸桿螺紋部分長度 名 稱代號計算公式結(jié) 果蝸輪中 心 距=a=154.35傳 動 比i=19.47蝸輪端面壓力角標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值蝸輪分度圓柱螺旋角齒 數(shù)=39分度圓直徑齒頂圓直徑=258.3齒根圓直徑蝸輪最大外圓直徑2.3 軸的設(shè)計2.3.1 蝸輪軸的設(shè)計(1)選擇軸的材料選取45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì),硬度HBS=230,強(qiáng)度極限=600 Mpa,由表查得其許用彎曲應(yīng)力=55Mpa 查機(jī)械設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)(表10-1、10-3)(2)初步估算軸的最小直徑取C=120,得dmin=120 =47.34mm根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計表11.5,選dmin=63(3)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 軸上零件的定位、固定和裝配單級減速器中,可將齒輪按排在箱體中央,相對兩軸承對稱分布,齒輪左面由軸肩定位,右面用套筒軸向固定,周向固定靠平鍵和過渡配合。兩軸承分別以軸肩和套筒定位,周向則采用過渡配合或過盈配合固定。聯(lián)軸器以軸肩軸向定位,右面用軸端擋,圈軸向固定.鍵聯(lián)接作周向固定。軸做成階梯形,左軸承 從做從左面裝入,齒輪、套筒、右軸承和聯(lián)軸器依次右面裝到軸上。 確定軸各段直徑和長度段d1=50mm L1=70mm段選30212型圓錐滾子軸承,其內(nèi)徑為60mm,寬度為22mm。故段直徑d2=60mm。段考慮齒輪端面和箱體內(nèi)壁、軸承端蓋與箱體內(nèi)壁應(yīng)有一定距離,則取套筒長為38mm。故L3=40mm,d3=65mm。段d4=77mm,L4=70mm段d5=d4+2h=77+25.5=88mm,L5=8mm段d6=65mm,L6=22mm段 d7=d2=760mm,L7=25(4)按彎扭合成應(yīng)力校核軸的強(qiáng)度 繪出軸的結(jié)構(gòu)與裝配圖 (a)圖繪出軸的受力簡圖 (b)圖繪出垂直面受力圖和彎矩圖 (c)圖NNN 軸承支反力:NFRBV=Fr+FRAV =33.88+16.94=50.82N計算彎矩:截面C右側(cè)彎矩 截面C左側(cè)彎矩 繪制水平面彎矩圖 (d)圖 軸承支反力:截面C處的彎矩 繪制合成彎矩圖 (e)圖 Nm圖3.2 低速軸的彎矩和轉(zhuǎn)矩(a)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)與裝配 (b)受力簡圖 (c)水平面的受力和彎矩圖(d)垂直面的受力和彎矩圖 (e)合成彎矩圖 (f)轉(zhuǎn)矩圖 (g)計算彎矩圖 Nm繪制轉(zhuǎn)矩圖 (f)圖 105 Nmm=586 Nm繪制當(dāng)量彎矩圖 (g)圖轉(zhuǎn)矩產(chǎn)生的扭剪應(yīng)力按脈動循環(huán)變化,取0.6,截面C處的當(dāng)量彎矩為 Nm校核危險截面C的強(qiáng)度,安全。2.3.2 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖3.3所示圖3.3 蝸輪軸的結(jié)構(gòu)圖2.3.3 蝸桿軸的設(shè)計(1)選擇軸的材料選取45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,硬度HBS=230,強(qiáng)度極限=650 Mpa,屈服極限=360 Mpa,彎曲疲勞極限=300 Mpa,剪切疲勞極限=155 Mpa,對稱循環(huán)變應(yīng)力時的許用應(yīng)力=60 Mpa。(2) 初步估算軸的最小直徑最小直徑估算dmincx= 120x=19.09 取dmin=20 (3)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計按軸的結(jié)構(gòu)和強(qiáng)度要求選取軸承處的軸徑d=35mm,初選軸承型號為30207圓錐滾子軸承(GB/T29794),采用蝸桿軸結(jié)構(gòu),其中,齒根圓直徑mm,分度圓直徑mm,齒頂圓直徑mm,長度尺寸根據(jù)中間軸的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行具體的設(shè)計,校核的方法與蝸輪軸相類似,經(jīng)過具體的設(shè)計和校核,得該蝸桿軸結(jié)構(gòu)是符合要求的,是安全的,軸的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖3.4所示: 圖3.4 蝸桿軸的結(jié)構(gòu)草圖第三章 軸承的選擇和計算3.1 蝸輪軸的軸承的選擇和計算按軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,初步選用30212(GB/T29794)圓錐滾子軸承,內(nèi)徑d=60mm,外徑D=110mm,B=22mm.(1)計算軸承載荷 軸承的徑向載荷 軸承A:軸承B: 軸承的軸向載荷軸承的派生軸向力 查表得:30212軸承153832所以,=17.173N=23.89N無外部軸向力。因為,軸承A被“壓緊”,所以,兩軸承的軸向力為 計算當(dāng)量動載荷由表查得圓錐滾子軸承30211的取載荷系數(shù),軸承A:e取X=1,Y=0,則軸承B:e取X=1,Y=0,則3.2 蝸桿軸的軸承的選擇和計算按軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,選用30207圓錐滾子軸承(GB/T29794),經(jīng)校核所選軸承能滿足使用壽命,合適。具體的校核過程略。3.3 減速器鑄造箱體的主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸(單位:mm)(1) 箱座(體)壁厚:=8,取=15,其中=154.35;(2) 箱蓋壁厚:=0.858,取=12;(3) 箱座、箱蓋、箱座底的凸緣厚度:,;(4) 地腳螺栓直徑及數(shù)目:根據(jù)=154.35,得,取df=18,地腳螺釘數(shù)目為4個;(5) 軸承旁聯(lián)結(jié)螺栓直徑:(6) 箱蓋、箱座聯(lián)結(jié)螺栓直徑:=914.4,取=12;(7) 表2.5.1軸承端蓋螺釘直徑:高速軸低速軸軸承座孔(外圈)直徑100130軸承端蓋螺釘直徑1216螺 釘 數(shù) 目66(8) 檢查孔蓋螺釘直徑:本減速器為一級傳動減速器,所以取=10;(9) 軸承座外徑:,其中為軸承外圈直徑,把數(shù)據(jù)代入上述公式,得數(shù)據(jù)如下:高速軸:,取,低速軸:,取;(10) 表2.5.2螺栓相關(guān)尺寸:18=12锪孔直徑363026至箱外壁的距離242018至凸緣邊緣的距離201816(11) 軸承旁聯(lián)結(jié)螺栓的距離:以螺栓和螺釘互不干涉為準(zhǔn)盡量靠近,一般取;(12) 軸承旁凸臺半徑:20,根據(jù)而得;(13) 軸承旁凸臺高度:根據(jù)低速軸軸承外徑和扳手空間的要求,由結(jié)構(gòu)確定;(14) 箱外壁至軸承座端面的距離:,取=48;(15) 箱蓋、箱座的肋厚:0.85,取=12,0.85,取=14;(16) 大齒輪頂圓與箱內(nèi)壁之間的距離:,取=16;(17) 鑄造斜度、過渡斜度、鑄造外圓角、內(nèi)圓角:鑄造斜度=1:10,過渡斜度=1:20,鑄造外圓角=5,鑄造內(nèi)圓角=3。第四章 其他零件設(shè)計4.1鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和強(qiáng)度校核 4.11高速軸鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和強(qiáng)度校核高速軸采用蝸桿軸結(jié)構(gòu),因此無需采用鍵聯(lián)接。4.12 低速軸與蝸輪聯(lián)接用鍵的選擇和強(qiáng)度校核(1) 選用普通平鍵(A型)按低速軸裝蝸輪處的軸徑d=77mm,以及輪轂長 =73mm,查表,選用鍵221463 GB10962003。(2) 強(qiáng)度校核鍵材料選用45鋼,查表知,鍵的工作長度mm,mm,按公式的擠壓應(yīng)力小于,故鍵的聯(lián)接的強(qiáng)度是足夠的。4.2 聯(lián)軸器的選擇和計算4.2.1 高速軸輸入端的聯(lián)軸器計算轉(zhuǎn)矩,查表取,有,查表選用TL5型彈性套柱銷聯(lián)軸器,材料為35鋼,許用轉(zhuǎn)矩,許用轉(zhuǎn)速r/min,標(biāo)記:LT5聯(lián)軸器3050 GB432384。選鍵,裝聯(lián)軸器處的軸徑為30mm,選用鍵8745 GB109679,對鍵的強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校核,鍵同樣采用45鋼,有關(guān)性能指標(biāo)見(2.6.2),鍵的工作長度mm,mm,按公式的擠壓應(yīng)力,合格。所以高速級選用的聯(lián)軸器為LT5聯(lián)軸器3050 GB432384,所用的聯(lián)結(jié)鍵為8745 GB109679。4.2.2 低速軸輸出端的聯(lián)軸器根據(jù)低速軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸以及轉(zhuǎn)矩,選用聯(lián)軸器LT8聯(lián)軸器5070 GB432384,所用的聯(lián)結(jié)鍵為14960 GB109679,經(jīng)過校核計算,選用的鍵是符合聯(lián)結(jié)的強(qiáng)度要求的,具體的計算過程與上面相同,所以省略。43 減速器的潤滑減速器中蝸輪和軸承都需要良好的潤滑,起主要目的是減少摩擦磨損和提高傳動效率,并起冷卻和散熱的作用。另外,潤滑油還可以防止零件銹蝕和降低減速器的噪聲和振動等。本設(shè)計選取潤滑油溫度時的蝸輪蝸桿油,蝸輪采用浸油潤滑,浸油深度約為h11個螺牙高,但油面不應(yīng)高于蝸桿軸承最低一個滾動體中心。 44 部分零件加工工藝過程4.4.1 軸的加工工藝過程軸的工藝過程相對于箱蓋,底座要簡單許多,本設(shè)計輸出軸的一般工藝過程為:(1) 落料、鍛打(2) 夾短端、粗車長端端面、打中心孔(3) 夾短端、粗車長端各檔外圓、倒角(4) 反向夾長端,粗車短端外圓、倒角、粗車短端端面、打中心孔(5) 熱處理(6) 夾短端,半精車短端外圓(7) 反向夾長端,半精車短端外圓(8) 磨長端外圓(9) 反向磨短端外圓(10) 銑兩鍵槽(11) 加工好的蝸輪軸4.4.2 箱體加工工藝過程蝸輪蝸桿減速器的箱蓋和箱體,它們的工藝過程比較復(fù)雜,先是箱蓋和箱體分別單獨進(jìn)行某些工序,然后合在一起加工,最后又分開加工。箱蓋單獨先進(jìn)行的工序有:(1) 箱蓋鑄造(2) 回火、清沙、去毛刺、打底漆、毛坯檢驗(3) 铇視孔頂面(4) 铇剖分面(5) 磨剖分面(6) 鉆、攻起蓋螺釘完成前述單獨工序后,即可進(jìn)行下列工序:(1) 箱蓋、箱體對準(zhǔn)合攏,夾緊;鉆、鉸定位銷孔,敲入圓錐銷(2) 鉆箱蓋和箱體的聯(lián)接螺栓孔,刮魚眼坑(3) 分開箱殼,清除剖分面毛刺、清理切屑(4) 合攏箱殼,敲入定位銷,擰緊聯(lián)接螺栓(5) 銑兩端面(6) 粗鏜各軸軸承座孔(7) 精鏜各軸軸承座孔(8) 鉆、攻兩端面螺孔(9) 拆開箱殼(10) 裝上油塞,箱體地腳螺栓孔劃線(11) 鉆地腳螺栓孔、刮魚眼坑(12) 箱蓋上固定視孔蓋的螺釘孔劃線(13) 鉆、攻固定視孔蓋的螺釘孔(14) 去除箱蓋、箱體接合面毛刺,清除鐵屑(15) 內(nèi)表面涂紅漆 結(jié) 論這次通過對已知條件對蝸輪蝸桿減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀進(jìn)行分析,得出總體方案.按總體方案對各零部件的運動關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析得出蝸輪蝸桿減速器的整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,然后以各個系統(tǒng)為模塊分別進(jìn)行具體零部件的設(shè)計校核計算,得出各零部件的具體尺寸,再重新調(diào)整整體結(jié)構(gòu),整理得出最后的設(shè)計圖紙和說明書.此次設(shè)計通過對蝸輪蝸桿減速器的設(shè)計,使我對成型機(jī)械的設(shè)計方法、步驟有了較深的認(rèn)識.熟悉了蝸輪、軸等多種常用零件的設(shè)計、校核方法;掌握了如何選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,如何查閱和使用手冊,如何繪制零件圖、裝配圖;以及設(shè)計非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件的要點、方法。 這次設(shè)計貫穿了所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識,綜合運用了各科專業(yè)知識,查各種知識手冊從中使我學(xué)習(xí)了很多平時在課本中未學(xué)到的或未深入的內(nèi)容。我相信這次設(shè)計對以后的工作學(xué)習(xí)都會有很大的幫助。 由于自己所學(xué)知識有限,而機(jī)械設(shè)計又是一門非常深奧的學(xué)科,設(shè)計中肯定存在許多的不足和需要改進(jìn)的地方,希望老師指出,在以后的學(xué)習(xí)工作中去完善它們。參考文獻(xiàn)1 吳彥農(nóng),康志軍.Solidworks2003實踐教程. 淮陰:淮陰工學(xué)院,20032 葉偉昌. 機(jī)械工程及自動化簡明手冊(上冊). 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20013 徐錦康. 機(jī)械設(shè)計. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20014 成大先. 機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊(第四版 第4卷). 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2002 5 葛常清. 機(jī)械制圖(第二版). 北京:中國建材工業(yè)出版社,20006 朱 敬. 孫明,邵謙謙.AutoCAD2005.電子工業(yè)出版社,2004 7 董玉平. 機(jī)械設(shè)計基礎(chǔ).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20018 曾正明. 機(jī)械工程材料手冊. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20039 周昌治. 楊忠鑒,趙之淵,陳廣凌. 機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué). 重慶:重慶大學(xué)出版社,199910 曲寶章. 黃光燁. 機(jī)械加工工藝基礎(chǔ).哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,200211 張福潤. 徐鴻本,劉延林. 機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)(第二版). 武漢:華中科技大學(xué)出版社,200212 徐錦康. 機(jī)械設(shè)計. 北京:高等教育出版社,200413 寧汝新. 趙汝嘉. CAD/CAM技術(shù). 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,200314 司徒忠. 李璨. 機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語. 武漢:武漢理工大學(xué)出版社,200115 牛又奇. 孫建國. 新編Visual Basic程序設(shè)計教程. 蘇州:蘇州大學(xué)出版社,200216 甘登岱. AutoCAD2000.航空工業(yè)出版社,200017 夸克工作室.SolidWorks2001.科學(xué)出版社,200318 吳權(quán)威. SolidWorks2003.科學(xué)出版社,200419 甘永立. 幾何量公差與檢測.上??茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,200433編號無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)相關(guān)資料題目:單級減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè)計 機(jī)電 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè)學(xué) 號: 0923199學(xué)生姓名: 張亞東 指導(dǎo)教師: 鮑虹蘇(職稱:高工 ) (職稱: )2013年5月25日目 錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實表”四、實習(xí)鑒定表無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告題目:單級減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè)計 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè)學(xué) 號: 0923199 學(xué)生姓名: 張亞東 指導(dǎo)教師: 鮑虹蘇 ( 職稱:高工) (職稱: )2012年11月24日 課題來源機(jī)械制造業(yè)是一個國家最基礎(chǔ)的行業(yè),也決定了一個國家制造業(yè)的整體水平現(xiàn)在中國已經(jīng)是一個制造大國,中國的制造業(yè)規(guī)模已經(jīng)達(dá)到世界第四位,僅次于美國、日本和德國。研究內(nèi)容本設(shè)計是針對減速機(jī)箱體工藝的制作,主要研究的是減速機(jī)箱蓋的工藝過程、減速機(jī)的底座的工藝過程、減速機(jī)箱體合裝后的工藝過程以及對該技術(shù)的測試和其實用性的研究。并由此做出了對現(xiàn)行的減速機(jī)的箱體的改造和進(jìn)一步的完善。在這次的箱體工藝制造中,對一些主要程序比如說結(jié)合面聯(lián)接孔、鉆頂面螺紋底孔、攻螺紋、鉆側(cè)面測油孔、放油孔、螺紋底孔、沉孔、攻螺紋 等的研究。擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實驗方案及可行性分析設(shè)計任務(wù)1) 設(shè)計一個中等復(fù)雜的零件的加工工藝規(guī)程;2) 設(shè)計一個專用夾具;3) 編寫設(shè)計說明書。根據(jù)設(shè)計任務(wù)做出減速機(jī)箱的基本設(shè)計任務(wù)1)繪制零件工件圖一張;2)繪制毛坯零件合圖一張;3)編制機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程卡片一套;4)編寫設(shè)計說明書一份;5)收集和研究原始資料,為夾具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計做好技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備。6)初步擬定夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案,繪制夾具結(jié)構(gòu)草圖,進(jìn)行必要的理論計算和分析。選擇最佳的夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案,確定夾具精度和夾具總圖尺寸、公差配合與技術(shù)要求。7) 繪制夾具總圖和主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖,編寫設(shè)計說明書。8)編制夾具特殊使用維護(hù)、操作、制造方面的說明或技術(shù)要求。研究計劃及預(yù)期成果研究計劃:2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日:按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料,填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書。2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日:填寫畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告。2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日:按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日:學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日:設(shè)計減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)并畫出相關(guān)草圖2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日:完善設(shè)計所需的各種零件圖、夾具圖,并對設(shè)計的所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理,做好撰寫畢業(yè)論文的準(zhǔn)備。2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日:畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。預(yù)期成果:機(jī)械制造技術(shù)設(shè)計是培養(yǎng)機(jī)械工程類專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)職應(yīng)崗能力的重要實踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),它要求學(xué)生能全面綜合地運用所學(xué)的理論和實踐知識,進(jìn)行零件機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程和工藝裝備的設(shè)計。其基本目的是:1) 培養(yǎng)工程意識。2) 訓(xùn)練基本技能。3) 培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量意識。4) 培養(yǎng)規(guī)范意識。特色或創(chuàng)新之處1、 設(shè)計了一副可以多方面加工的夾具,減少了原材料的應(yīng)用和所需的工時。2、 設(shè)計了多種加工方案,并對其比較,選出最佳方案。已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題1、一是對鏜床的不熟悉,二是在公差與配合方面的知識所學(xué)較少。2、學(xué)院圖書館相關(guān)資料有限,并且很多資料不外借處學(xué)校,設(shè)計此項目任務(wù)重工作量大物力條件有限以及經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因造成難以落實原材料加工出成品3、經(jīng)過努力,設(shè)計達(dá)到了預(yù)想的成功,由于條件的限制沒能加工出成品,但對于我自己來說已經(jīng)學(xué)到了不少東西。指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名:2011年 11 月 20 日教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見 教研室主任簽名: 年 月 日系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名: 年 月 日英文原文Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsisFirst:what is reducerReducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions. The reducer role 1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer. 2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia. The type of reducer General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines. Common reducer 1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input. 3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly 1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host). 2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment 1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance 3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth. 4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4 Third, seal requirements 1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal; 2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface; 3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements Forth, lubrication requirements 1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. 3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil. Fifth, the test requirements 1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours; 2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC; 3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements 1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging; 2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements. Seventh. Technical requirements 1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice; 2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times; 3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts; 4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: 40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, 55 0.08 - 0.15 mm; 5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler; 6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60s start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90s initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful stable motion speed reducer gear to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new stable motion speed reducer gear and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (612) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear. Graduation design task First, a design Monorail Driver Design reducer Second, the design of the original data 1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW; 2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around; 3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm; 4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm; Third, the equipment and the working environment This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space. Fourth, the design requirements To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing. From the following aspects considered; (L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure; (2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts; (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability; (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure; (5) similar to parts of the division; (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis; (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization. (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis.中文譯文一、 什么是減速器減速器是一種動力傳達(dá)機(jī)構(gòu),利用齒輪的速度轉(zhuǎn)換器,將馬達(dá)的回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)減速到所要的回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù),并得到較大轉(zhuǎn)矩的機(jī)構(gòu)。1、減速器的作用 1)降速同時提高輸出扭矩,扭矩輸出比例按電機(jī)輸出乘減速比,但要注意不能超出減速器額定扭矩。 2) 減速同時降低了負(fù)載的慣量,慣量的減少為減速比的平方。大家可以看一下一般電機(jī)都有一個慣量數(shù)值。2、減速器的種類 一般的減速器有斜齒輪減速器(包括平行軸斜齒輪減速器、蝸輪減速器、錐齒輪減速器等等)、行星齒輪減速器、擺線針輪減速器、蝸輪蝸桿減速器、行星摩擦式機(jī)械無級變速機(jī)等等。3、常見減速器 1) 蝸輪蝸桿減速器的主要特點是具有反向自鎖功能,可以有較大的減速比,輸入軸和輸出軸不在同一軸線上,也不在同一平面上。但是一般體積較大,傳動效率不高,精度不高。 2) 諧波減速器的諧波傳動是利用柔性元件可控的彈性變形來傳遞運動和動力的,體積不大、精度很高,但缺點是柔輪壽命有限、不耐沖擊,剛性與金屬件相比較差。輸入轉(zhuǎn)速不能太高。 3) 行星減速器其優(yōu)點是結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊,回程間隙小、精度較高,使用壽命很長,額定輸出扭矩可以做的很大。但價格略貴一、對裝配前零件的要求 :1.滾動軸承用汽油清洗,其他零件用煤油清洗。所有零件和箱體內(nèi)不許有任何雜質(zhì)存在。箱體內(nèi)壁和齒輪(蝸輪)等未加工表面先后涂兩次不被機(jī)油侵蝕的耐油漆,箱體外表面先后涂底漆和顏色油漆(按主機(jī)要求配色)。 2.零件配合面洗凈后涂以潤滑油二、安裝和調(diào)整的要求 1.滾動軸承的安裝滾動軸承安裝時軸承內(nèi)圈應(yīng)緊貼軸肩,要求縫隙不得通過0.05mm 厚的塞尺。 2.軸承軸向游隙對游隙不可調(diào)整的軸承(如深溝球軸承),其軸向游隙為0.250.4mm;對游隙可調(diào)整的軸承軸向游隙數(shù)值見表。點擊查看圓錐滾子軸承軸向游隙;角接觸球軸承軸向游隙 3.齒輪(蝸輪)嚙合的齒側(cè)間隙可用塞尺或壓鉛法。即將鉛絲放在齒槽上,然后轉(zhuǎn)動齒輪而壓扁鉛絲,測量兩齒側(cè)被壓扁鉛絲厚度之和即為齒側(cè)的大小。 4.齒面接觸斑點圓柱齒輪齒面接觸斑點2-10-4;圓錐齒輪齒面接觸斑點2-11-4;蝸桿傳動接觸斑點2-12-4 三、密封要求 1.箱體剖分面之間不允許填任何墊片,但可以涂密封膠或水玻璃以保證密封; 2.裝配時,在擰緊箱體螺栓前,應(yīng)使用0.05mm的塞尺檢查箱蓋和箱座結(jié)合面之間的密封性; 3.軸伸密封處應(yīng)涂以潤滑脂。各密封裝置應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按要求安裝四、潤滑要求 1.合理確定潤滑油和潤滑脂類型和牌號 2.軸承脂潤滑時,潤滑脂的填充量一般為可加脂空間的1/22/3。 3.潤滑油應(yīng)定期更換,新減速器第一次使用時,運轉(zhuǎn)714天后換油,以后可以根據(jù)情況每隔36個月?lián)Q一次油。五、試驗要求 1.空載運轉(zhuǎn):在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下正、反運轉(zhuǎn)12小時; 2.負(fù)荷試驗:在額定轉(zhuǎn)速、額定負(fù)荷下運轉(zhuǎn),至油溫平衡為止。對齒輪減速器,要求油池溫升不超過35oC,軸承溫升不超過40oC;對蝸桿減速器,要求油池溫升不超過60oC,軸承溫升不超過50oC; 3.全部試驗過程中,要求運轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn),噪聲小,聯(lián)接固定處不松動,各密封、結(jié)合處不 六、包裝和運輸要求 1.外伸軸及其附件應(yīng)涂油包裝; 2.搬運、起吊時不得使用吊環(huán)螺釘及吊耳以上技術(shù)要求不一定全部列出,有時還需另增項目,主要由設(shè)計的具體要求而定。七、技術(shù)要求 1.裝配前,所有零件用煤油清洗,滾動軸承用汽油清洗,不許有任何雜物存在。內(nèi)壁涂上不被機(jī)油腐蝕的涂料兩次; 2.嚙合側(cè)隙用鉛絲檢驗不小于0.16mm,鉛絲不得大于最小側(cè)隙的4倍; 3.用涂色法檢驗斑點。按齒高接觸點不小于40%;按齒長接觸斑點不小于50%。必要時可用研磨或刮后研磨以便改善接觸情況; 4.應(yīng)調(diào)整軸承軸向間隙:40為0.05-0.1mm,55為0.08-0.15mm; 5.檢驗減速器剖分面、各接觸面及密封處,均不許漏油。剖分面允許涂以密封油漆或水玻璃,不允許使用任何填料; 6.機(jī)座內(nèi)裝N100潤滑油至規(guī)定高度。八、下面我介紹我國減速器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀(一)、國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動、蝸桿傳動為主,但普遍存在著功率與重量比小,或者傳動比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外,材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點,特別是大型的減速器問題更突出,使用壽命不長。國內(nèi)使用的大型減速器(500kw以上),多從國外(如丹麥、德國等)進(jìn)口。60年代開始生產(chǎn)的少齒差傳動、擺線針輪傳動、諧波傳動等減速器具有傳動比大,體積小、機(jī)械效率高等優(yōu)點?。但受其傳動的理論的限制,不能傳遞過大的功率,功率一般都要小于40kw。由于在傳動的理論上、工藝水平和材料品質(zhì)方面沒有突破,因此,沒能從根本上解決傳遞功率大、傳動比大、體積小、重量輕、機(jī)械效率高等這些基本要求
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