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1、歡迎來到英語課堂歡迎來到英語課堂Passive voice被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定義：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定義：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是謂語主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)主語當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，則為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，則為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞過去分詞構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。表現(xiàn)出來。一一.何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要必要指出指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行
2、者時(shí) Paper is made from wood.He was wounded in the fight.2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí) Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest.3.為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉鵀榱耸拐Z氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。The const
3、ruction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二二.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1.be+done可以是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可以可以是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，done可以帶可以帶by短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中中done相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于adj.不帶不帶by短語。短語。The question is settled.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu))Such questions are settled by us
4、.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài))The composition is well written.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu))The composition is written with great care.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài))2.許多許多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做既可以用做adj.，也可以也可以在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞，句句中如果有中如果有by，通常是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。，通常是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。I was worried about you all night.(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))I was worried by mosquitoes al
5、l night.(表動(dòng)作表動(dòng)作)The glass was broken by Jack.(表動(dòng)作表動(dòng)作)The glass is broken.(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))三三.不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1.含有直賓和間賓的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，含有直賓和間賓的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)樽優(yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)可將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z被動(dòng)時(shí)可將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z另一個(gè)不動(dòng)一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接另一個(gè)不動(dòng)一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語。He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to m
6、e by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.2.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，賓補(bǔ)不變。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，賓補(bǔ)不變。(1)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。They call her XiaoLi.She is called XiaoLi.(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.使役使役動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不 定式一般不加定式一般不加to,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng),必須加必須
7、加to。(1)My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.(2)I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.(3)Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack s
8、een to take away the magazine?3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 是由情態(tài)是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+be+p.p.構(gòu)成構(gòu)成They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.4.短語動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般來講一般來講,只有及物動(dòng)詞只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥幸驗(yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞才能有動(dòng)作才能有動(dòng)作的承受者的承受者;但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)
9、成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語。于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語。因而可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因而可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短語但應(yīng)注意短語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體是一個(gè)不可分割的整體變被動(dòng)時(shí)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞介詞或或副詞。副詞。這這樣的短語有樣的短語有：look after,listen to,look at,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,make use ofThey had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had
10、been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.5.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義The goods sells well.The door cant open.6.有些詞如有些詞如want,need,require和和 be worth后面后面加加v-ing形式為主動(dòng)形式為主動(dòng),意義為被動(dòng)。意義為被動(dòng)。The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替
11、代詞it.We know that Britain is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.8.賓語為反身代詞賓語為反身代詞,相互代詞及虛詞相互代詞及虛詞it時(shí)，時(shí)，不用被不用被動(dòng)，動(dòng)，只用主動(dòng)只用主動(dòng)。I will do it myself.The man introduced himself as Mr.Wang.9.謂語動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，無被動(dòng)無被動(dòng)。happen,belong to,suit,fit(適合適合),have,let,join,fall,last,cost(花費(fèi)花費(fèi))br
12、eak out(爆發(fā)爆發(fā)),appear,burst out(迸發(fā)迸發(fā)),hold(容容納納),lack(缺乏缺乏),agree with(同意同意).10.據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞：據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb.is said to 11.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng) 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時(shí)等主語是物時(shí);一些一些vi.主動(dòng)形式
13、表被動(dòng)含義主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.不定式不定式to blame,to let(出租出租)作表語作表語時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。You are to blame.The house is to let.表某物表某物需要的需要的need,want,require等后等后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義The house needs/wants/require
14、repairing be worth后的動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)后的動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義含義 The book is worth reading.Make these sentences passive.1.About a million tourists visit Florence each year.Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year.2.Ten million people visited London last year.London was visited by ten million people l
15、ast year.3.Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.4.Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.5.Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China.The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Example:-The Sag
16、rada Fimilia was designed by an English architect(Spanish)-No,it wasnt.It was designed by a Spanish architect.1.The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen.(Paris)No,it isnt.Its located in Paris.2.Paris is situated on the coast.(River Seine)No,it isnt.It is situated on the River Seine.3.Florence is v
17、isited by eight million tourists every year.(one million)No,it isnt.It is visited by one million tourists every year.4.Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization.(Athens)No,it isnt.Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.5.The Parthenon was built a hundred years a
18、go.(2,400 years ago.)No,it isnt.The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.課后練習(xí)課后練習(xí)將下面主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，將下面主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。每空一詞。1.All the people made fun of him.He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2.The whole country uses electricity widely.Electricity _ _ _ in the whole country.was made fun ofis widely used
19、3.People say that house price will continue to go up in the next few years._ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4.We expect all the students to come early to school.All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expected5.We found him working in the fields
20、when we arrived.He _ _ _ in the fields when we arrived.6.The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays.The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8.People all ove
21、r the world know Picasso.Picasso _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9.The couple provide money for their son to study abroad.The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10.Eleven players make up a soccer team.A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of
外研版高中英語Grammar 1Passive voice課件
