成人高考(專升本)英語(yǔ)

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成人高考(專升本)英語(yǔ) 成人高考(專升本)英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)音部分的考試要求 1. 要求考生從所給的四個(gè)單詞的畫線部分中選出一個(gè)與其他三個(gè)讀音不同的選項(xiàng)。 2. 語(yǔ)音部分主要考核的是： 元音字母在單詞中的讀音； 輔音字母在單詞中的讀音； 常見(jiàn)字母組合的讀音； 以及r音節(jié)的讀音。 復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱要求 掌握下列語(yǔ)音規(guī)則，讀音基本正確 1、元音字母在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)和r音節(jié)中的讀音； 2、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音； 3、輔音字母在單詞中的讀音； 4、常見(jiàn)字母組合的讀音。 第一節(jié) 概 念 一、開(kāi)音節(jié) 以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾、以"元音字母+不發(fā)音的e"結(jié)尾、以"一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母（r除外）+不發(fā)音的e"結(jié)尾的音節(jié)都叫開(kāi)音節(jié)。 如：no, be, note。 ★發(fā)音的元音字母：a, e, i, o, u 二、閉音節(jié) 以"一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)"結(jié)尾的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。 如：map, plan, west。 三、r音節(jié) 以"元音字母+r"構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。 如：car, doctor, teacher, dirty, 詞匯與語(yǔ)法 40個(gè)小題，共40分。 從2002，2003年的考題看，語(yǔ)法占20――25分。 第一節(jié) 名 詞（null） 大綱要求掌握： 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 三、名詞的所有格 四、名詞在句子中的作用 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。 可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體。如table, country。 或表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如 family, people, committee, police。 不可數(shù)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如air, tea, furniture, water。 或表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。 有些名詞在一種場(chǎng)合下是可數(shù)名詞,在另一種場(chǎng)合下是不可數(shù)名詞。 如room 房間（可數(shù)），空間（不可數(shù)） time 時(shí)間（不可數(shù)），次數(shù)（可數(shù)） fish 魚(yú)（不可數(shù)），各種各樣的魚(yú)（可數(shù)） 比較下列例句: There are nine rooms in the house. （房間，可數(shù)名詞） There isnt enough room for us three in the car . （空間，不可數(shù)名詞） 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過(guò)在其前面加單位詞來(lái)表示。 如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat 兩條長(zhǎng)面包 two loaves of bread 三件家具 three articles of furniture 一大筆錢 a large sum of money 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下： 1．一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如：girls, books。 ★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)[z] 2．以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。 ★以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾,es發(fā)[iz] 3．"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。 4．以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。 5．f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。 少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。 ★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。 個(gè)別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。 三、名詞的所有格 名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。 當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時(shí)，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。 如：Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。 如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s, 則只需加。如：the teachers books, my parents car。 時(shí)間名詞的所有格在后面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk。 當(dāng)名詞表示無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，所有格常由"of"短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。 如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。 加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。 如：the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。 ★名詞所有格考試常見(jiàn)部分是 名詞表示沒(méi)有生命的東西時(shí)，不能直接在其后加s。 時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。 四、名詞在句子中的作用 名詞在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以作狀語(yǔ)。 名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1．主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。） His brother is an industrial engineer. The number of the students attending the party is increasing. ★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無(wú)論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。 Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me. ★two-thirds 三分之二 幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式。 belong to 屬于某人 Both of us are studying English. ★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式； 幾分之幾，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式； both 謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 All the money he received was given to his mother. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless. 3．主語(yǔ)部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語(yǔ)前面的名詞一致。 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主語(yǔ)Mary的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） No one except my friends knows anything about it. 4．表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。"…+()…=…"算式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來(lái)看） 5．Either, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me. 6．主語(yǔ)由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式由最鄰近的主語(yǔ)決定。 Not only you but also I am wrong. Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. Either you or she is to do the work. 7．主語(yǔ)中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The bread and butter is nice. 8．主語(yǔ)前有many a, more than one修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Many a book has been read by the students. ★many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall. 9．集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The committee meets once a year. (作為整體） The committee are having a meeting now. （作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體） People, police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The police have come to arrest him. 名詞部分考試重點(diǎn) 1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個(gè)詞是不可數(shù)名詞。 2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。 3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s,復(fù)數(shù)加。 4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)測(cè)試 1．Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more. A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。（注意時(shí)態(tài)） 答案 A 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters. A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers names 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。 兩個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，兩個(gè)都要變。 答案 D 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen. A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案 B 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither...nor謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟相鄰的主語(yǔ)一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet 答案 C 6. When autumn comes, the ______ of trees begin to fall. A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 leaves 答案 C 7. The flood has done _____ to this area. A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting. A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented not only... but also 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相鄰名詞一致。 present 呈現(xiàn)，介紹 答案 A 9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century. A. is B. was C. are D. were one of 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 答案 B 10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education. A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received one out of 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 答案 B 11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man. A. has B. have C. will D. would never before開(kāi)頭，句子倒裝。 主語(yǔ)so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 12. At the bus stop _______ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina. A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits 主語(yǔ) a soldier and two young people為復(fù)數(shù) 答案 A 13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream. A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone 主語(yǔ) the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù) 答案 B 14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class. A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主語(yǔ) Mr.Brown 答案 A 15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party. A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。 答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room. A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating 謂語(yǔ)與 together with 前的名詞一致 be seated 就坐 Please be seated ladies and gentlmen. Seat the boy next to his brother. 答案 A 17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident. A. is B. are C. have been D. has 主語(yǔ) the father ，單數(shù) be responsible for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé) 答案 A 18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home. A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come either...or 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與臨近主語(yǔ)一致。 答案 A 19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars. A. is B. are C. has D. have money 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 答案 A 20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas. A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catching quantities 復(fù)數(shù)形式 答案 B 21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin. A. is B. are C. has D. have either打頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 答案 A 22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct. A. are B. is C. had D. will neither 兩者都不，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 答案 B 23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies. A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helped each 每一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 答案 A 24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take. A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars suger 不可數(shù)名詞 答案 A take medcine 吃藥 25. "I like your furniture very much." "Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing." A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it furniture 不可數(shù)名詞 答案 D 26. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too______. A. many homework B. a few homeworks C. few homeworks D. much homework homework 不可數(shù)名詞 答案 D 27. Im going away for a ______. A. holiday of a week B. week holiday C. holiday week D. weeks holiday 表示時(shí)間的名詞所有格可以在其后加s 。 答案 D 第二節(jié) 冠 詞（1-4~2-2） 大綱要求： 1、不定冠詞的基本用法 2、定冠詞的基本用法 3、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則以及冠詞的習(xí)慣用法 冠詞是一種虛詞，只能附著在名詞上幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。 冠詞分為定冠詞（the）和不冠詞（a或an）兩類，定冠詞表示特指，不定冠詞表示泛指。 a用于讀音以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前面。 如：a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an honest man。 一、不定冠詞的基本用法 1．表示"一"的含義。 Give me a pen please. We go shopping twice a week. 2．泛指某個(gè)人或東西。 Yesterday we visited an English secondary school. She picked up a magazine and began to read. 3．表示一類人或東西。 He works as a language teacher in that university. As a writer, he is successful. Even a child can answer this question. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)出現(xiàn)。 二、定冠詞的基本用法 1．表示特定的人或東西。 Give me the magazine. Have you decided on the prices yet? The book on the table is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. 2．復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。 Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people. The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing. 3．用于形容詞前面，代表一類人或東西。 the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人 the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人 the young 年青人 4．用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西的名詞前面。 the moon, the sun, the earth The moon moves aroud the earth. We have friends all over the world. Dont build castles in the air. 5．用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)前面，副詞最高級(jí)前面的the 可以省略。 January is the first month of the year. The sun rises in the east. Japan lies to the east of China. Beijing lies in the north of China. Ireland lies on the Great Britain. At the Childrens Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin. Last week we went to the theatre. Among the three girls she speaks English the best. "東、南、西、北"作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。 We are walking south. 形容詞最高級(jí)前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。 Monday is my busiest day. 6．用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。 The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. The Simths came to China for visit in 1996. 7．不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾，或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。 Drink some water. Is the water in the well fit for drink? What do you think of the music? He cant take the advice his mother gives him. 三、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則 1．季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。 If winter comes can spring be far behind? We have few classes on Sunday. 10.1 is National Day. 2．表示球類、棋類、三頓飯的名詞前通常不加冠詞，但樂(lè)器前需加定冠詞。 What did you have for lunch? Dinner is ready. Lets go and watch them play chess. My elder brother likes to play football. The boys are learnig to play the guitar. play the piano play the violin 3．有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。 at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance) as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold 冠詞考試重點(diǎn) 冠詞所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。 1、什么時(shí)候加定冠詞。 2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。 3、什么情況下，不用加冠詞。 冠詞易考： 1、冠詞修飾名詞。 Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch. upstairs是副詞，前面不需要加冠詞。 2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。 Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English. I have been waiting for him for half an hour. 3、名詞特指時(shí)，前面加定冠詞。 He is enjoying his stay in Denmark, but has some difficulty with the language. Is the water from the tap fit for drink? 4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞；大部分專有名詞前也不加冠詞。 As we know, the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends. They left for work after supper. The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War) 5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。 Without any news from Tom for a long time, his father left for Shanghai to see him. They will travel by air. I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因?yàn)椋? I will go to school on foot. My mother is in hospital. He has been in prison for two years. 典型例題 1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II. A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; / World War II是專有名詞 答案：C 2. Can you play _____? A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano 答案：D 3. "Youve been very busy lately." "So busy I havent had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look." A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dusts dust 是不可數(shù)名詞 答案：A 4. The station? Take the second turning _______. A. to left then go straight on B. on the left, then go straight on C. to left, then go right forward D. to the left, then go right forward on the left 在左邊 答案：B 5. My mother usually has _____ bed. A. the breakfast B. breakfast in C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the in bed 躺在床上 答案：B in the bed 在床里面 6. He stole the money and they put him _________. A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prison in prison 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 答案：C 7. Even on Sundays, fewer people go to ______ church than before. A. the B. a C. / D. that go to church 去教堂 go to school 去學(xué)校 go to bed 上床睡覺(jué) go to college 去大學(xué) 答案：C 8. _________ look much alike. A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters 表示一家人，前面加 the 答案 D 第三節(jié) 代 詞（2-2~3-3） 包括 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。 一、人稱代詞 人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓 語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱代詞： 在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如： Liping and I are in charge of the work. My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow. 二、物主代詞 物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（接在of 后面）。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞： 名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如： My bag is yellow, his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown. 三、反身代詞 英語(yǔ)中有下列反身代詞： 反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如： Please help yourself to some tea.(賓語(yǔ)) The boy is too young to look after himself.(賓語(yǔ)) Ill be myself again in no time.(表語(yǔ)) The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語(yǔ)) I fixed the door myself. (同位語(yǔ)) 四、指示代詞 指示代詞包括this, that, these, those 和such, 在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等（such不作賓語(yǔ)）。 that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如： These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn) The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量 The best wine is that from France. My room is lighter than the one next door. Ill take the seat next to the one by the window. The film is more funny than that one. that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如： They have no time to read the books. Thats their trouble. She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent. I want to know this: How much money we have left? What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English. this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如： I dont want that much. He is not that wise. The book is about this thick. 五.疑問(wèn)代詞 疑問(wèn)代詞包括what, which, who, whom, whose, 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What, which, who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如： Who is speaking? (主語(yǔ)) Which do you prefer, the yellow one or the white one? (賓語(yǔ)) Whats your sister?(表語(yǔ)) The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句) The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句) This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引導(dǎo)定從句) I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) 疑問(wèn)代詞what, which, who, whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如： Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人？ Ill say whatever comes into my head. Take whichever book you like. 六.不定代詞 不定代詞包括both, either, neither, all, none, no, one, each, every, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, some, any, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。 （一）both, either, neither both 表示"兩者（都）"，either表示"（兩者之中）任何一個(gè)"，neither表示"（兩者之中）沒(méi)有一個(gè)"。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。 My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事) Neither of the answers is right. Either of the books belongs to you. You and I are both to blame. You both agreed to stay. Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。 （二）all, none, no, one all和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表示"全部都"和"一個(gè)都沒(méi)有"，none往往與of連用。 All of us are fond of sports.(be fond of 愛(ài)好) We are all for him.(be for sb 支持某人) Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（諺） None of them know how to read and write. A friend to all is a friend to none. 濫交者無(wú)友。（諺） None of us are perfect. None of them has had that kind of experience. no表示"沒(méi)有"，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于not a 或not any，not否定動(dòng)詞，no否定名詞。 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。（諺） No man is born wise. 沒(méi)有人是生來(lái)聰明的。（諺） Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer.) one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Your answer is a good one. I dont like coloured envelopes. I like white ones. I havent got a raincoat. Ill have to buy one. （三）each, every each 和every表示"每一個(gè)"，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。 The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手) The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 節(jié)約) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs(work).各盡所能，按需分配。 I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well. There is every possibility of our winning the game. every 還常用在every little while (每隔一會(huì))，every other day, every three days（每隔兩天），every ten miles(每隔十英里), every now and then (不時(shí))，every four years, every other line, one out of every three students. （四）few, a few, little, a little, many, much few, a few, many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little, a little, much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few, little表示否定，a few, a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。 Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。（諺） Few words are best. 話少最好。（諺） They don’t take much interest in it. I know little about it. There’s a little