高三英語二輪復習 第1部分 專題2 閱讀七選五 技法2 依據(jù)文中和選項中的“詞匯”線索

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技法2| 依據(jù)文中和選項中的“詞匯”線索 1．連接性詞語 連接性的詞語可表明段落間、句際間的語義邏輯關系。例如： (1)承接關系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等； (2)平列關系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等； (3)轉折關系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等； (4)對比關系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等； (5)層遞關系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，whats more等。 [考題回放1] (2016北京高考)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. [思路分析]　空格前說“因為當我們權衡風險和回報時，風險好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可鎖定F項中的weigh risks and rewards，F(xiàn)項意為“然而，我們并不是都用同樣的參考標準來衡量風險和回報”，符合上下文語境，為轉折關系。 [考題回放2] (2015北京高考)First，understand that some opportunities(機會) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings. A．Having interesting things to think about also helps. [思路分析]　選項中的also helps與空格前句中的will help相對應，且兩句話主語形式統(tǒng)一，都說的是進入空想的條件，為層遞關系。 2．詞匯復現(xiàn) 復現(xiàn)是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置對同一概念進行重復描述。復現(xiàn)主要有同義詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞復現(xiàn)和反義詞復現(xiàn)等。 [考題回放] (2014北京高考)Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖騙術)． B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something. [思路分析]　選項中的ad與上句中的advertisement相對應，前句說“對廣告中所包含的信息一定要特別當心”，后句介紹應注意江湖騙術，B項“廣告的目的是賣出商品”符合該段語境。 3．屬相同范疇的詞匯 [考題回放] (2014北京高考)Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 72 D．And examine the findings of the original research. [思路分析]　根據(jù)該段作為主題句的第一句Go to the original source.(去探尋最初的來源。)可知，這一段都是圍繞這個話題展開的，D項中的the original research與主題句相照應，與original source屬于相同范疇的詞匯。 4．屬上下位包含關系的詞匯 [考題回放] (2016四川高考) 39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(傾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.40.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. C．Women are also helped by their female genes. [思路分析]　由空格后的genes可鎖定C項中的female genes，代入后，符合語境，可作為本段的主題句。 5．冠詞和代詞 [考題回放1] (2016四川高考) 38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men. D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way. [思路分析]　本段說的是女性的身體優(yōu)勢?？崭窈蟮摹癟hey”是解題關鍵，綜觀各選項，只有D項的主語The female hormones可以是they所指內容。做本題時應關注代詞they和選項中定冠詞the表達的含義。 [考題回放2] (2015全國卷Ⅰ)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. B．It is putting confidence in someone. [思路分析]　第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習得行為。)是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義：putting confidence in someone(對某人寄托信任)，選項B與第一句為順承關系。 6．特殊疑問詞 [考題回放] (2014全國卷Ⅰ)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? [思路分析]　根據(jù)第一句The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.(未來的工作尚未發(fā)明出來)并且結合空格后面的By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well(通過幫助他們發(fā)展可以為他們很好服務的經(jīng)典技能)可知，空格處應該是個問句，D項“那么我們該如何幫助孩子們?yōu)樯胁淮嬖诘墓ぷ髯龊脺蕚淠?？”符合語境。