江蘇省南通市啟東中學高中英語《Unit 3 Amazing people》詞匯講解2 牛津譯林版必修2

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1、江蘇省南通市啟東中學高中英語《Unit 3 Amazing people》詞匯講解2 牛津譯林版必修2 I.詞語辨析： 1、with / by / in：均可解釋為“用”，但有區(qū)別： with：指用“工具” e.g. Most of us write with our right hands You can make some sentences with these words. by：指用“方式、手段” e.g. He makes a living by repairing bikes for passers-by. This car is made by hand. (手

2、工的） She came here by bike, not by bus. in：指用“材料”。e.g. in cash, in letters, in words… e.g. He writes in ink while she writes in pencil. We express ourselves in English words. 2、disturb / interrupt disturb：妨礙、打擾、擾亂、使心神不寧 e.g. Loud noises will disturb our studies. I’ll be very sorry if I’m dist

3、urbing you. She was disturbed to learn about the bad result. interrupt：打斷、中斷（工作、談話或正在進行的事） e.g. Sorry to interrupt you, but I have sth important to tell you. We have to interrupt our work to discuss the problem. I don’t like being interrupted while speaking. 3、a great deal of / a good many / a

4、 lot of / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of / plenty of / a large amount of a good many / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of：只用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。 e.g. A good many students have seen the film already. Numbers of books have been donated to the orphan home. a great

5、 deal of 和a large amount of：均用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. A great deal of / a large amount of water is wasted. He has spent a great deal of / a large amount of money on the experiment. a lot of / lots of / plenty of：既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. a lot of / lots of / plenty of money / books / people / time / quest

6、ions … 注：many / some / several等數(shù)詞，一般在它們后面直接接名詞的復數(shù)形式。但假如后面的名詞前使用了1）人稱代詞 2）指示代詞 3）冠詞，或者后面接的不是名詞，而是代詞，則必須在many / some / several后面用介詞“of.”。 Many of the students in our class are from town. Some of them have been to Beijing once or twice II.重點詞語和句型 1、work as：充當、擔任, = act as e.g. He worked as a co

7、mmander during the war. She works as our English teacher. work on：從事……、搞……(具體的事） e.g. He works on the wall newspaper in our class. My mother is working on a news report these days. work at：在……（地方）上班、從事……（籠統(tǒng)的事） e.g. The scientist is working at a new invention. She is working hard at her lesson

8、s. work的短語：be at work：在工作、在運轉(zhuǎn)；in work：有職業(yè)、有工作；off work：在休假、沒去上班；out of work：失業(yè)中、沒工作；set to work：開始工作 2、marry：vt. 結(jié)婚、娶、嫁 e.g. He married Mary last Summer and they are a nice couple. “Will you marry me, John?” Kate asked earnestly. 注：指“結(jié)婚”這件事，我們用：get married e.g. They got married five years ago

9、and still have no child. The two will get married next spring. be married：（處于）已婚（狀態(tài)） e.g. The old couple have been married for fifty years. Are you married or single? be/get married to sb.：娶、嫁了某人 e.g. She was married to a rich young man. The young man got married to a rich lady years ago. ma

10、rriage：婚姻 e.g. Their marriage made their parents angry. 3、contact：n. 接觸、交往，與with連用。 be in contact with：與……有來往、有聯(lián)系 e.g. He is still in contact with his former wife. Are you still in contact with them? get in contact with sb.：與……聯(lián)系 = get in touch with sb. e.g. I have been trying to get in conta

11、ct with him, but have failed so far. keep in contact with sb.：與……保持聯(lián)系 = keep in touch with sb. e.g. I have kept in contact with them for a long time. make contact with sb.：聯(lián)絡某人 vt. contact sb.：與……聯(lián)系、聯(lián)絡 e.g. How can I contact you when I arrive at the station? 4、survive：vt. survive sth.：經(jīng)歷……還活著、

12、由……中生還 e.g. Only a two-year-old boy survived the car accident. Few houses in the area survived the hurricane. vt. survive sb.：比……長壽、在失去……之后還存在 e.g. The little girl survived her parents. The rich man was survived by his wife and son. 5、relate to：和……有關(guān) e.g. Your words hardly relate to what we a

13、re discussing now. The report relates to the sale of the tall building. relate A to B：把A和B 聯(lián)系起來。 e.g. It is hard for us to relate Tom to such bad things. Can you relate what he said to what he did? be related to：和……有關(guān)、有聯(lián)系、有親戚關(guān)系 e.g. Are you related to the rich lady? The young girl is said to

14、be related to the fire last night. The Blacks are related to the Smiths by marriage. related：相關(guān)的、有關(guān)系的 e.g. He asked me some more questions related to the problem. relation：關(guān)系、親戚 e.g. Their relation appears to be quite slight. What’s the relation(ship) between you and that old man? maintain go

15、od relation with sb.：和……保持良好關(guān)系 e.g. They have maintained good relation with each other after graduation. in relation to：和……聯(lián)系起來（談、講） e.g. Prices are high in relation to my salary. He does a good job in relation to his age. relationship：關(guān)系 e.g. What’s the relationship between you and that young

16、 lady? His relationship to his parents is a bit tense. relative：親戚、相對的 e.g. He is one of my relatives in the world. Nothing is fixed in the world, everything is relative. 6、record：n.記錄、唱片 e.g. better a record：刷新紀錄；beat / break a record：破紀錄；establish / set up a new world record：創(chuàng)新的世界紀錄 I like

17、to listen to record of pop songs. vt. 記錄、記下、記載 e.g. This tape recorder has recorded every thing you said just now. Many ancient books recorded that there were many things that happened in these places. 7、inspire：vt. 鼓舞、鼓勵 inspire sb. (to do sth.) e.g. What he said inspired us (to study even ha

18、rder). Mother’s encouraging eyes inspired me to try again. inspiring：鼓舞的、激勵的 e.g. His inspiring speech impressed us deeply. inspiration：給予激勵的人或事 His brother who is now studying in Qinghua University is a constant inspiration to him. 8、apply：申請、運用、 apply to sb. for sth.：向某人申請…… e.g. Have you

19、apply to the school for a loan? The local government has applied to the federal government for help. Many people applied to the company for jobs. apply sth. to sth.：把……運用于…… e.g. The nurse applied a bandage to my wound. This rule can be applied to many cases. We will apply the new technology t

20、o our work. apply oneself to sth：專心于……、致力于…… e.g. As a student, you should apply yourself to study. application：運用、申請、使用 e.g. We received many applications for the job. make an application to sb. for sth. 9、in … order：1）以……次序、順序 e.g. in alphabetical order：按字母表順序； in regular order = in usual o

21、rder：按常規(guī)順序； in the wrong order：次序錯了； in chronological order：按年代順序 2）處于……狀態(tài) e.g. in good / bad order in order：有次序的、井然有序的 e.g. I like everything in order. out of order：雜亂的、有故障 e.g. The whole class is out of order when I passed by. The machine is out of order and needs repairing. in order to：為了

22、……，后接動詞原形。 e.g. In order to catch the first bus, he got up 15 minutes earlier than usual. in order that：為了……，后接句子。 He took a train in order that he could save several hours. 10、purpose：目的、目標 e.g. achieve purpose：達到目的； answer / serve one’s purpose：符合需要； carry out a purpose：實現(xiàn)目標； on purpose：故意的

23、 purpose doing / to do sth.：打算……、意欲做…… e.g. They purposed building / to build a new bridge over the river. 11、support：支撐、支持、撫養(yǎng)、證明 e.g. Supported by his son, the old man came out of the room. Four pillars support the whole roof. My idea is supported by many people. He has a large family to sup

24、port. A new fact supported my words. 12、thanks to：由于、多虧 e.g. Thanks to your generous help, we finished our work an hour earlier. Thanks to her efforts, the project will be a success. Thanks to the bad weather, we had to put off the sports meeting till next week. 能解釋“由于、多虧”的短語還有：due to…, owing

25、to…, as a result of… e.g. He fell ill due to smoking heavily. Owing to the rain, the crops were saved. As a result of his hard work, he is admitted into Nanjing University this year. 13、switch：vt. 使處于某位置、改變、擺動（尾巴） e.g. Switch this button to the “on” position, and the train will drive She is al

26、ways switching her jobs. The boy switched subjects many times, from maths to English, from English to physics and to maths again. The horse switched its tail to drive the flies away. switch to：轉(zhuǎn)而討論……、轉(zhuǎn)換到…… e.g. The speaker suddenly switched to his childhood. After this discussion, we will switc

27、h to the exercises. switch on：turn on； switch off：turn off 14、courage：（uc.)勇氣 get up courage：鼓起勇氣；lose courage：喪失勇氣； recover courage：恢復勇氣 a man of courage：有勇氣的人； have the courage to do sth：有做某事的勇氣 e.g. Do you have the courage to admit your mistakes? It takes courage and patience to do such th

28、ings. c.f. encourage：鼓舞、激勵 encourage sb. to do sth.：鼓勵某人做…… e.g. The good news encouraged us to go on with the experiment. encourage sb. in sth.：鼓勵、助長（某人的……） e.g. The teacher’s words encouraged me in my study. c.f. discourage：使氣餒、使沮喪、使某人打消……念頭 discourage sb (from doing sth.) e.g. The bad new

29、s discouraged us from going on with the work. His first failure almost discouraged him from being a singer. 15、qualify：賦予（某人）資格、取得資格 qualify sb. for / as e.g. The two-month training qualified him for the job / as a teacher of English. qualify for / as：有資格…… e.g. Did you qualify for the job? /

30、as a teacher? qualify to do sth.：取得資格做…… e.g. He has qualified to be a teacher. Many students qualified to study at university. qualified：有資格的、適合的、稱職的 e.g. We all think he is a qualified teacher. be qualified for sth. / to do sth.：有資格做…… e.g. Do you think you are qualified for the job? / to d

31、o the job? qualification：資格、執(zhí)照， have the qualification for sth. / to do sth.：由做……的資格、執(zhí)照 e.g. Do you have the qualification for teaching English / to teach English? 16、control：vt. 控制、克制 e.g. control one’s anger：控制憤怒； control oneself：抑制自己的情感 n. 控制力、抑制力 beyond control：無法控制； in control of：管理、掌握；

32、 in the control of：被……控制； lose control of：失去對……的控制； out of control：不受控制； take control of：控制、管理； under control：受控制、平靜無事 e.g. The fire was beyond control and so the building was burnt down.. Mr. Black is in control of three factories. Now the company is in the control of a new manager. Soon the r

33、ider lost control of the horse and he was thrown onto the ground. It is said that the forest fire is now under control. 17、conduct：n. 行為、操行 a man of good conduct：品行端正的人；the rules of conduct：行為準則； foolish / silly conduct：愚蠢的行為；strange conduct：奇怪的行為； shameful conduct：可恥的行為 e.g. He was punished by

34、 his father because his conduct was too bad. vt. 指導、引導、指揮、進行 conduct an experiment：做實驗；conduct a meeting：開會；conduct one’s job：做工作 e.g. A boy conducted us to the station. 18、once：1）一次 e.g. I have never been to Beijing once. Maybe you can try to do it once or twice. 2）曾經(jīng) e.g. He once lived in

35、a big city. Once there lived a poor fisherman by the river. 3）一旦 e.g. Once you grasp English, you’ll read many more books. Once you understand me, you’ll find I’m a good friend. 19、prove：vt. 證明 1) prove sth. e.g. No one can prove his idea. The experiment again proved my theory. 2) prove + t

36、hat …. e.g. The new evidence proved that I was right. How did you prove that he was the thief? 3) prove sb. / sth (to be) + n. / adj. e.g. Time again proved his idea wrong. The footprint proved him (to be) the murderer. 4) 作系動詞用，后接形容詞或名詞 e.g. His words proved (to be) wrong / right. The gentl

37、eman proved (to be) a robber by the police. proof：證據(jù) （proofs) e.g. The new proofs proved him innocent. 20、manage 1）經(jīng)營、管理 （= run ) e.g. This hotel is well managed. Now he is managing the factory for his father. 2) 操縱、使用 （= operate ) e.g. He knows how to manage a plane. He is young, but he ca

38、n manage the car. It’s hard for you to manage a motor bike in such a strong wind. 3) （與can連用）設法做好、想辦法做成 manage sth. / manage to do sth. e.g. The box is heavy, but I can manage it / to carry it. The fish is so big that I can’t manage it / to eat it by myself. management：經(jīng)營、管理 e.g. The manageme

39、nt of the factory is quite good. III. 鞏固練習： 1、It is said that the whole car is made ______ hand. A. by B. with C. in D. for 2、The quiet night was ______ at mid-night by the sudden accident. A. disturbed B. interrupted C. troubled D. broken 3、_______ the books were burnt in the fir

40、e, which was a pity. A. A good many B. A great deal of C. A number of D. Dozens 4、She is here working _____ an interpreter in the company. A. on B. as C. at D. in 5、Her parents _____ her _____ the man three years ago. A. got married … to B. married… with C. married … to D. got marrie

41、d .. with 6、How long have you _____ contact with them? A. got B. been in C. kept D. made 7、The report _____ pollution by Mr. Cross is reliable. A. is related to B. related to C. being related to D. relating to 8、With a boy _____ him, the wounded man struggled to stand up. A. supported

42、B. to support C. supporting D. supports 9、Mr. Wang is a ______ teacher. His classes are lively and interesting. A. qualifying B. qualification C. quality D. qualified 10、The idea in the article _____ helpful to us. A. proves B. is proved C. being proved D. Both A and B 11、— I didn't thi

43、nk you liked tea. — I ____ but I ______ now. A. didn't; can B. did; can C. usedn't to; do D. used to; do 12、 ______ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 13、They considered _____ a computer, which is considered _____ a great hel

44、p in their work. A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be 14、It is said that in the college one student _____ four _____ from foreign countries, A. of ; is B. or ; are C. in ; is D. in ; are 15、Scientific experiments _____ out by students wi

45、thout the teacher's instructions can be dangerous. A. will be carried B. carried C. be carried D. to carry 16、The talk _____ by the teacher sounded _______ . A. given; encourage B. giving; encouraging C. giving; encouraged D. given; encouraging 17、— Do yo

46、u feel like _________ out for a walk? — No. I'd like _________ my lessons at home. A. going; to do B. to go; to do C. to go; doing D. going; doing 18、— You don't need ________ your pen washed, do you? — No, it writes smoothly and doesn't need ________ A. having; washing B

47、. to have; washing C. having; to be washed D. to have; being washed 19、"The book is worthy _____ "means "The book is worth ______ . A. of reading; reading B. to be read; being read C. of being read; being read D. to be read; reading 20、People used to _____ cloth

48、es of cotton and wool, but now more and more other materials are used to ____ clothes as well, A. make; making B. make; make C. making; making D. making; make 完型填空 Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do, be, and ___21___ everything you want in life. ___22___ just let

49、ting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen. Successful people __23__ how their life should be and set lots of goals. By setting goals you are ___24___ your life. It’s like having a __25__ to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are __26__ drivers. One ha

50、s a destination (her goal) in mind which can be found in a map. She can drive straight there without any __27__ time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal ot destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place __28__ the first driver, __29__ she drives aimlessly around, ne

51、ver getting anywhere, just __30__ gas. Which driver do you want to be? Winners in life set goals and follow them out. They _31_ what they want in life and then get there by making _32__ and setting goals. _33_ people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set and they aren’t di

52、fficult to reach. It’s _34_ you to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must decide the goals to_35__ and in what direction to aim your life. Research __36__ us that when we write a goal down we are more __37__ to achieve it. Written goals can be __38__ regularly, and have more

53、power. Like a contract(合同) with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also__39__ you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously __40__ the situations that will bring you nearer to your goal. 21. A. operate B. experience C. see D. li

54、ke 22. A. Because of B. Instead of C. In spite of D. In addition to 23. A. imagine B. discuss C. experience D. show 24. A. going on with B. taking control of C. getting along with D. taking advantage of 25. A. guide B. friend C. map

55、 D. sign 26. A. two B. such C. some D. good 27. A. free B. dull C. fixed D. wasted 28. A. as B. like C. with D. after 29. A. or B. for C. but D. so 30. A. thinking of B. using up C. tu

56、rning off D. paying for 31. A. decide B. change C. admit D. take 32. A. plans B. money C. friends D. maps 33. A. Lucky B. Young C. Ordinary D. Unsuccessful 34. A. depend upon B. up to C. up with D. together with 35.

57、 A. possess B. admit C. win D. achieve 36. A. explains B. indicates C. says D. tells 37. A. willing B. anxious C. likely D. eager 38. A. improved B. reviewed C. set D. reached 39. A. although B. until C. when D. unless 40. A. aware of B. worried about C. familiar with D. used to Keys: 01-10: AACBC，BBCDD 11-20: CDDCB，DABDB 21-30: BBABC，ADACB 31-40: AADBD，DCBCA