備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點14 動詞的被動語態(tài)（含解析）

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1、 考點14 動詞的被動語態(tài) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 【命題解讀】 動詞的語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點，也是高考的必考點。高考主要以語法填空、短文改錯等形式對被動語態(tài)這一考點進(jìn)行考查，動詞的語態(tài)在語法填空和短文改錯中是必考點。 【命題預(yù)測】 預(yù)計2019年高考語態(tài)仍將是高考考查的重點和難點所在，考查形式仍以語法填空和短文改錯題型為主，很可能會與動詞的時態(tài)及其他的語法點結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行考查。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化； 2. 掌握被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式； 3. 掌握不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況； 4. 掌握主動形式表示被動意義的情況。 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

2、 序號 常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 序號 常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 1 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are asked 6 過去進(jìn)行時 was/were being asked 2 一般過去時 was/were asked 7 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has been asked 3 一般將來時 shall/will be asked 8 過去完成時 had been asked 4 過去將來時 should/would be asked 9 將來完成時 will/would have been asked 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are bei

3、ng asked 10 含有情態(tài)動詞的 can/must/may be asked 注意事項 被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。 The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 這個男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑。 Newspapers

4、 used to be sent here by the little girl. 報紙過去常被小女孩送到這里。 漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如： It is believed that…??????????? It is generally considered that…?????????? It is said that… It is well known that…???????? It must be pointed out that…????????????? It is supposed that… It is reported that…

5、??????????? It must be admitted that…??????????????? It is hoped that… 下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing.????????? The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.??????????? The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delic

6、ious. / Water feels very cold. 下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 考向一 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化 被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)

7、的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為： 時 時 體 現(xiàn)在 過去 將來 過去將來 一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done 進(jìn)行 is / am / are being done was / were being done 完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would

8、 / should have been done 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 （1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. （2）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mothe

9、r for his birthday. （3）當(dāng)＂動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語＂結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. （4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。 Someone saw a strang

10、er walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building. （5）有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如＂動詞＋介詞＂，＂動詞＋副詞＂等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 1. （2018·北京卷·單項填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the

11、mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D 2. （2018·天津卷·單項填空）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired

12、 D. has been repaired 【答案】C 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這周我的洗衣機(jī)正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根據(jù)后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣機(jī)正在修，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。故選C。 3. （2017·北京卷·單項填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t bee

13、n invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 4. （2017·天津卷·單項填空） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards 【答案】B 【解析】句意

14、：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動詞短語regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語along with連接的三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。 5.（2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 【答案】are removed 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move

15、之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ簦杂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。故填are removed。 考向二 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況： 1.（1）所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。 （2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。 （3）表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。 （4）表示＂希望、意圖＂的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 （5）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。 考向三 主動形式表被動意義的情況： （1）系

16、動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 （2）當(dāng)cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時； （3）當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞詞組表示＂發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定＂等意思時； （4）want，require，need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 （5）be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 （6）在＂be + 形容詞

17、 + to do＂中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。 另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。 As time went on, Einstein’s theory __________ to be correct. A. proved B. proves C. is proved D. was proved 【答案】 A 【巧學(xué)妙記】 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)記憶口訣 一般現(xiàn)、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。 完成時態(tài)have done，被動將been加中間。 一般將來shal

18、l (will) do，被動變do為be done。 將來進(jìn)行無被動，shall (will) be doing。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同，have (has) been doing。 現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be doing，被動be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。 否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。 主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。 一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。 復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。 注釋：①＂be有人稱、時、數(shù)變＂即be有人稱、時態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。 ②＂情助＂是指情態(tài)動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一

19、律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。 ③＂疑問一助置主前＂是說有兩個助動詞的話，應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置于主語之前。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 用被動語態(tài)的形式完成下列句子 1. Don’t be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit. →Don’t be nervous, and you ____________ ____________ ____________ where to sit by them. 2. People refers to California as the

20、Golden State. →California ____________ ____________ ____________ as the Golden State by people. 3. In order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures. →A lot of measures ____________ ____________ ____________ by the government in order to stop the air pollution. 4. W

21、e are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now. →How to spend the summer holidays ____________ ____________ ____________ now. 5. Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her. →Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so she ____________ _________

22、___ by her students. 6. Two whales have ____________ ____________ (wash) up on the beach. 7. Tom was caught smoking in school, and he ____________ ____________ (punish) for it. 8. If you leave the club, you ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ (not allow) back in. 題組二 能力提升 I．單項填空

23、 1.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit_________. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. had been ruined D. has been ruined 2.Now all the employees except the manager _________ to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C.is encouraged D. are encourage

24、d 3.He __________ everywhere for materials and finally his efforts paid off. The medicine __________ to be very effective. A. looked; was proved B. explored; was proved C. sought; has proved D. hunted; was proving 4.—What’s that noise? — Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine________.

25、 A.is testing B. was being tested C.is being tested D. has been tested 5.The plan for Xiongan New Area ________ officially on April 1,2017. A. announced B. was announced C. announces D.is announced 6.Ann ______ a certificate at the end of the program to show she has lear

26、ned computer skills. A. will give B. will be given C. gave D. was given 7.Martin Luther King demanded that people of all races ______. A. were equally treated B. should treat equally C.be equally treated D. are giving equal rights 8.Different types of teas ______ by skilled

27、 tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre. A. are tasted B. were tasted C. tasted D. have tasted 9.—Do you think he can win the prize for the race? —Impossible now. He ________ to do so, but he has just had his right leg hurt. A. has expected B.is expected C. would

28、 expect D. was expected 10.Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _________down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting II．語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 China has once again proved its ___1___ (able)

29、to change the world with the“new four great inventions”：high-speed railways，electronic payments，shared bicycles and online shopping． They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，___2___ has improved the quality of people’s lives，according to a survey ___3___ (make) by the Belt and Road Resea

30、rch Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University． “My wallet is no longer in use．I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone，”said ___4___ university student，adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”． The bikes ___5___ (them)are not new，but the operat

31、ing model of bike-sharing ___6___(base) on satellite navigation system，mobile payment，big data and other high technologies． China has entered a new innovative era，thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in ___7___ (encourage)innovation，said Bernhard Schwartlander，WHO Representativ

32、e in China． ___8___ is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas．This is ___9___ (especial)true in mobile，where China is leading in many ways such as…social messaging app WeChat，she said．This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to

33、mobile．China has the ____10____ (1arge)mobile use in the world． 題組三 體驗真題 1.（2018·江蘇卷﹒單項填空） I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______ in?the?past two years. A. had?been?carried?out B. would be carried out C. is?being?carried?out D. has been

34、 carried out 2. （2017·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）Steam engines __65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly） (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 3. （2017·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the n

35、ext year. 4.（2016·北京卷﹒單項填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ____________ with success in the end. A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded 5.（2016·江蘇卷﹒單項填空）More efforts, as reported, ____________ in the years ahead to a

36、ccelerate the supply-side structural reform. A. are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made 6.（2016·全國新課標(biāo)卷I﹒語法填空）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up clos

37、e to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 7.（2016·上海卷﹒語法填空）In recent years, stress (33) ____________ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. 8.（2016·四川卷﹒語法填空）The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.

38、 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 用被動語態(tài)的形式完成下列句子 1.will be told 2.is referred to 3.have been taken 4.is being discussed 5.is respected 6.been washed 7.was punished 8.will not be allowed 題組二 能力提升 I．單項填空 1.D 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毀了。my suit與ruin的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)；從題意可知，我的衣服是過去弄濕了，現(xiàn)在還是濕的，用

39、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；主語my new suit是第三人稱單數(shù)。故選D。 2.D 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：目前，除了經(jīng)理外，所有的員工都被鼓勵可以在家里在網(wǎng)上工作。主語是all the employees，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；與encourage之間是被動關(guān)系。故選D。 3.C 4.C 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：——這個噪音是什么？——我忘記告訴你了。新的洗衣機(jī)正在被檢測。根據(jù)問句“What’s that noise?”可知，新的機(jī)器正在被檢測。所以，本句要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。 5.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語是The plan for Xiongan New

40、 Area，與謂語動詞announce之間是被動關(guān)系，時間狀語是2017年4月1號，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 6.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在這個項目結(jié)束的時候，將會給Ann一個證書以表明她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了計算機(jī)技能。由句意可知，Ann和give之間是被動關(guān)系，且“給她證書”是這個項目結(jié)束時才會發(fā)生的事，故要用將來時態(tài)。故B選項正確。 7.C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和被動語態(tài)。句意：馬丁路德金要求所有種族的人被平等對待。demand后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用should do，should可以省略，而且people of all races 和treat是被動關(guān)系，故選C

41、。 8.A 【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在出現(xiàn)在茶葉交易中心之前，不同類型的茶葉被品茶師品嘗。teas和taste是被動關(guān)系，而且這句話表示客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。 9.D 10.D 【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)和動詞的用法。stop sb. from doing sth.是固定用法，意為“阻止某人做某事”；又因主語People和stop之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)選D。 II．語法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講了中國正用“新的四大發(fā)明”來改變世界。 1. ability 【解析】考查名詞。作proved的賓語，用名詞，所以填ability。 2

42、. which 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。___2___ has improved the quality of people’s lives，作定語，修飾China’s high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，且有逗號隔開，所以___2___ has improved the quality of people’s lives，是一個非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，所以用which。 3. made 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。make與其邏輯主語a survey之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語，填made。 4. a 【解析】考查冠詞。泛指“一位大

43、學(xué)生”，且university的首字母發(fā)音是輔音，所以填不定冠詞a。 5. themselves 【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：自行車它們本身不是新的。表示“它們本身”，所以填themselves。 6. is based 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。表示主語現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，且the operating model of bike-sharing與base on之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，所以填is based。 7. encouraging 【解析】考查固定用法。介詞in之后用v-ing形式做賓語，所以填encouraging。 8. It 【解析】考查形式主語

44、。that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas．句子真正的主語，這里需要一個形式主語，所以填it。 9. especially 【解析】考查副詞。修飾形容詞true用副詞，所以填especially。 10. largest 【解析】考查最高級。中國在世界上擁有最大的手機(jī)使用量。表示“最大的”，用最高級，所以填largest。 題組三 體驗真題 1.A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month和in the past tw

45、o years可知用過去完成時。故選A。 2. were used 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)，此處表示過去的被動，故填were used。 3. was told / has been told 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可判斷出謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式，又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was told / has been told。 4.D 5.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：正如報道的那樣，在未來幾年將做出的努力，以加速供給結(jié)構(gòu)改革的速度。本句的時間狀語“in the years ahead在未來的幾年里”和將來時連用，且efforts與動詞make構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用被動語態(tài)。所以要使用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式，故B正確。 6.was allowed 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，作者是被允許走近這些動物，be allowed to do sth＂被允許做某事＂。 7.has been regarded 8.is loved 【解析】句意：大熊貓被全世界的人喜歡。根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，The giant panda是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故填is loved。 1、 14