2018年中考英語真題分類匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專項訓(xùn)練四 哲理故事（含解析）

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1、 時間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題 Passage 1(2018福州)Once upon a time, a hippo(河馬) lived in a river next to a big tree.One day, a bird came and nested(筑巢) in the tree. The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羨慕) that he couldnt think of anything else. Every day he would think why he wasnt born to b

2、e a bird even though the bird told him many times he was so lucky to be so big and such a good swimmer.Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he would come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing. However, when he tried to climb the tree, it was very clear that the hippo didnt have win

3、gs, nor claws to climb with.Realizing that he would never climb up the tree, he angrily hit the tree until it came crashing to the ground. Then he stepped onto the leaves of the fallen tree, and began singing.Unfortunately, hippos cant sing, either. All that came from his mouth were terrible noises,

4、 and when the other animals heard this, they all came around to make fun of the hippo.He was so ashamed by this. He also felt bad about having knocked the tree over. He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康復(fù))()1. The hippo envied the

5、 bird because _A. he could fly highB. he could build a nestC. he could sing well D. he could live in the tree ()2. After reading this passage, we know _A. the writer is telling us a true storyB. the story happened on an autumn dayC. the bird thought he was luckier than the hippoD. the hippo tried to

6、 do something against his nature()3. The hippo in this story _A. was happy all the timeB. did not respect his friendsC. liked to talk a lot but did nothingD. corrected his mistake when he realized it()4. From the passage, we can infer(推斷) that the hippo would _ after such an experience.A. be a good

7、singerB. be good at climbing treesC. stop envying the birdD. not make friends with other animals()5. The best title of this passage may be “_”A. The hippo that wished to singB. The tree that was knocked overC. The bird that wished to swimD. The animals that were in high spirits Passage 2(2018泉州)Ther

8、e were three big fish in the lake. One of them, Demo, was wise; another one, Jimmy, was halfwise; Martin, the third one, was stupid.Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets. The three fish saw them.Demo decided at once to leave, to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean. He

9、 thought, “I wont discuss with these two about this. They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on. How silly they are! They still havent realized we are in great danger now. Their ignorance will cost them their lives.”Seeing the wise fish had left, Jimmy thought，“My guide has

10、 gone and now Ive lost my chance to escape.” He felt sorry for it and then thought, “What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假裝) to be already dead, giving myself totally to the water.” So he did that. He went up and down with the water, helpless, within

11、arms reach of the fishermen.“Look at this! The best and biggest fish is dead.” One of the men lifted him by the tail, and threw him up on the ground. He rolled(滾動) over and over and moved secretly toward the water, and then, back in.The third fish was aimlessly jumping about, trying to escape with h

12、is speed and cleverness. The net, of course, finally closed around him, and as he lay in the hot fryingpan bed, he thought, “If I get out of this, Ill never live again in the limits of the lake. Next time, the ocean! Ill make it my home.”()1. The passage is a _A. diaryB. storyC. notice()2. The under

13、lined word “ignorance” in the passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 沖動 B. 勇氣 C. 愚昧()3. Jimmy thought that he could escape from the fishermen by _A. traveling to the ocean B. pretending to be dead C. jumping here and there()4. Who was caught by the fishermen at last?A. Demo. B. Jimmy. C. Martin.()5. What c

14、an we learn from the passage?A. It is important to make proper changes in time.B. Good chances are always given to the honest.C. The stupid can also succeed with great efforts.Passage 3(2018西寧) Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some

15、 certain purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, longlost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will influence your life in some serious way.Sometimes

16、things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful and unfair. But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your further ability and advantages. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.Th

17、e people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for

18、 you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people whom you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your goals high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself. You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then

19、 go out and live it.()1. The people we meet _A. all know where to find us B. serve us on no purposeC. wont become our neighbor D. will change us in some way()2. From the passage, we know that bad things can make us _A. realize our further ability B. terribly meet bad luckC. find no serious success D

20、. possibly enjoy every moment()3. The underlined word “poignant” in the passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 平淡的 B. 明顯的 C. 深刻的 D. 艱苦的()4. The writers advice is that we should _ A. never talk to strange people B. learn as much as we can each day C. overcome difficulties painfully D. not believe in ourselv

21、es but others()5. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Create Your Own Life B. Hold Your Head Up C. People You Meet in Life D. Things Happen to You,小詞典)1. hippo n. 河馬2. nest v筑巢3. envy v. 羨慕4. recover v. 康復(fù) 5. pretend v. 假裝 6. roll v. 滾動專項訓(xùn)練四 哲理故事 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹的是河馬羨慕鳥會飛、會爬樹、會唱歌，因

22、此自己學(xué)習(xí)爬樹、唱歌而引起的鬧劇。文章告訴我們：人各有所長，不要因為羨慕別人的長處，忽視自己的優(yōu)點，更不能違背自然規(guī)律。1. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：河馬羨慕鳥是因為。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羨慕) that he couldnt think of anything else.”可知河馬羨慕鳥的歌聲。故選C。2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：讀完文章后，我們知道。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he woul

23、d come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing.”可知河馬試圖做一些違背他的本性的事情。故選D。3. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在這個故事中河馬。根據(jù)本文最后一句“He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康復(fù))”可知河馬意識到自己的錯誤，并改正了錯誤。故選D。4. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這篇文章中，我們可以推斷河馬在這樣的一個經(jīng)歷之后。根

24、據(jù)最后一段可知河馬意識到了自己的錯誤，費(fèi)力將撞倒的樹扶正并照顧它康復(fù)，因此推測它不再羨慕那只鳥了。故選C。5. A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題可能是“”。主要講述了一只渴望離開水、學(xué)唱歌、學(xué)爬樹的河馬的故事，故選A。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了三條魚面對被捕獲的危險時做出了不同的反應(yīng)，并有了不同的結(jié)局。這告訴我們及時做出改變很重要。1. B【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：這篇文章是一個。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可以知這是一個故事，故選B。2. C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：短文中劃線單詞“ignorance”的漢語意思是“”。根據(jù)上句“They still

25、havent realized we are in great danger now. ”可知這兩條魚是不聰明、不敏銳的。故選C。3. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：Jimmy認(rèn)為他可以通過逃過漁民的捕捉。根據(jù)第四段第二句“.What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假裝) to be already dead.”可知Jimmy 通過裝死逃過漁民的捕捉，故選B。4. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：最后誰被漁民抓到了？根據(jù)最后一段并結(jié)合第一段中的“.Martin,

26、the third one, was stupid.”可知Martin被抓。故選C。 5. A【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：通過短文我們可以學(xué)到什么？根據(jù)故事情節(jié)可知，如果第三條魚也早一點游去大海，也不會被捕。故事告訴我們及時做出改變的重要性。故選A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇議論文。有時，你遇到的人會影響你的生活；有時，你經(jīng)歷的成功和失敗也會成就你。因此，珍惜生命中所遇到的一切，制定目標(biāo)，相信自己，努力創(chuàng)造自己的生活。1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：我們所遇到的人。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But you know that every moment they will inf

27、luence your life in some serious way.”可知，我們所遇到的這些人會在某種程度上影響我們，改變我們，故選D。2. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：從這篇文章中我們得知壞的事情能使我們。根據(jù)第二段第三句“But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your further ability and advantages.”可知，那些不好的事情可以讓我們意識到我們的潛在能力和優(yōu)點，故選A。3. C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干

28、意為：文章中劃線單詞“poignant”的漢語意思是“”。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from.”可知，你的成功和失敗會造就你是一個什么樣的人，即使是壞的經(jīng)歷你也可以從中學(xué)到很多；再結(jié)合常識可知往往是那些不好的事情會讓人們有更深刻的印象，故選C。4. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：作者的建議是我們應(yīng)該。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”可知作者希望人們能充分利用好每一天，故選B。5. A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：文章的最佳標(biāo)題是哪一個？根據(jù)本文最后一句“Create your own life and then go out and live it.”及文章的主旨大意可知，作者是鼓勵人們要制定自己的人生目標(biāo)，創(chuàng)造自己的生活，故選A。5