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1、高考數(shù)學(xué)精品復(fù)習(xí)資料 2019.5第五篇數(shù)列第2講等差數(shù)列及其前n項(xiàng)和基礎(chǔ)鞏固題組(建議用時(shí):40分鐘)一、選擇題1(20xx溫州二模)記Sn為等差數(shù)列an前n項(xiàng)和,若1,則其公差d ()A.B2C3D4解析由1,得1,即a1d1,d2.答案B2(20xx濰坊期末考試)在等差數(shù)列an中,a5a6a715,那么a3a4a9等于 ()A21B30C35D40解析由題意得3a615,a65.所以a3a4a97a67535.答案C3(20xx榆林模擬)在等差數(shù)列an中,首項(xiàng)a10,公差d0,若ama1a2a9,則m的值為()A37B36C20D19解析由ama1a2a9,得(m1)d9a536dm37
2、.答案A4(20xx吉安模擬)an為等差數(shù)列,Sn為其前n項(xiàng)和,已知a75,S721,則S10()A40B35C30D28解析設(shè)公差為d,則由已知得S7,即21,解得a11,所以a7a16d,所以d.所以S1010a1d1040.答案A5(20xx淄博二模)已知等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,滿足a13S1313,則a1()A14B13C12D11解析在等差數(shù)列中,S1313,所以a1a132,即a12a1321311.答案D二、填空題6(20xx肇慶二模)在等差數(shù)列an中,a1533,a2566,則a35_.解析a25a1510d663333,a35a2510d663399.答案997(20x
3、x成都模擬)已知等差數(shù)列an的首項(xiàng)a11,前三項(xiàng)之和S39,則an的通項(xiàng)an_.解析由a11,S39,得a1a2a39,即3a13d9,解得d2,an1(n1)22n1.答案2n18(20xx浙江五校聯(lián)考)若等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn(nN),若a2a352,則S3S5_.解析.答案32三、解答題9設(shè)數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,a11,an2(n1)(nN)求證:數(shù)列an為等差數(shù)列,并求an與Sn.證明由an2(n1),得Snnan2n(n1)(nN)當(dāng)n2時(shí),anSnSn1nan(n1)an14(n1),即anan14,故數(shù)列an是以1為首項(xiàng),4為公差的等差數(shù)列于是,an4n3,Sn2n2n
4、(nN)10(20xx福建卷)已知等差數(shù)列an的公差d1,前n項(xiàng)和為Sn.(1)若1,a1,a3成等比數(shù)列,求a1;(2)若S5a1a9,求a1的取值范圍解(1)因?yàn)閿?shù)列an的公差d1,且1,a1,a3成等比數(shù)列,所以a1(a12),即aa120,解得a11或2.(2)因?yàn)閿?shù)列an的公差d1,且S5a1a9,所以5a110a8a1,即a3a1100,解得5a12.故a1的取值范圍是(5,2)能力提升題組(建議用時(shí):25分鐘)一、選擇題1(20xx咸陽(yáng)模擬)已知等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,S440,Sn210,Sn4130,則n()A12B14C16D18解析SnSn4anan1an2an38
5、0,S4a1a2a3a440,所以4(a1an)120,a1an30,由Sn210,得n14.答案B2等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,已知a113,S3S11,當(dāng)Sn最大時(shí),n的值是()A5B6C7D8解析法一由S3S11,得a4a5a110,根據(jù)等差數(shù)列的性質(zhì),可得a7a80,根據(jù)首項(xiàng)等于13可推知這個(gè)數(shù)列遞減,從而得到a70,a80,故n7時(shí),Sn最大法二由S3S11,可得3a13d11a155d,把a(bǔ)113代入,得d2,故Sn13nn(n1)n214n,根據(jù)二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì),知當(dāng)n7時(shí),Sn最大法三根據(jù)a113,S3S11,則這個(gè)數(shù)列的公差不等于零,且這個(gè)數(shù)列的和先是單調(diào)遞增然后又單調(diào)遞減,
6、根據(jù)公差不為零的等差數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和是關(guān)于n的二次函數(shù),以及二次函數(shù)圖像的對(duì)稱性,得只有當(dāng)n7時(shí),Sn取得最大值答案C二、填空題3(20xx九江一模)正項(xiàng)數(shù)列an滿足:a11,a22,2aaa(nN,n2),則a7_.解析因?yàn)?aaa(nN,n2),所以數(shù)列a是以a1為首項(xiàng),以daa413為公差的等差數(shù)列,所以a13(n1)3n2,所以an,n1.所以a7.答案三、解答題4(20xx西安模擬)已知公差大于零的等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且滿足a3a4117,a2a522.(1)求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)若數(shù)列bn滿足bn,是否存在非零實(shí)數(shù)c使得bn為等差數(shù)列?若存在,求出c的值;若不存在,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由解(1)設(shè)等差數(shù)列an的公差為d,且d0,由等差數(shù)列的性質(zhì),得a2a5a3a422,所以a3,a4是關(guān)于x 的方程x222x1170的解,所以a39,a413,易知a11,d4,故通項(xiàng)為an1(n1)44n3.(2)由(1)知Sn2n2n,所以bn.法一所以b1,b2,b3(c0)令2b2b1b3,解得c.當(dāng)c時(shí),bn2n,當(dāng)n2時(shí),bnbn12.故當(dāng)c時(shí),數(shù)列bn為等差數(shù)列法二由bn,c0,可令c,得到bn2n.bn1bn2(n1)2n2(nN*),數(shù)列bn是公差為2的等差數(shù)列即存在一個(gè)非零常數(shù)c,使數(shù)列bn也為等差數(shù)列