電大【建筑結構試驗】綜合練習及答案參考小抄

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1、專業(yè)好文檔 【建筑結構試驗】綜合練習及答案 建筑結構試驗綜合練習及答案 一、選擇題 1．用量綱分析法進行結構模型設計時，下列哪一個量綱不屬于基本量綱？（ ） A．質(zhì)量M ； B．應力σ； C．長度L ； D．時間T。（ ） 2．下列鋼筋混凝土結構的承載力極限標志中，哪一條不正確？（ ） A． 跨中最大撓度達到跨度的1／50； B． 受拉主筋重心處裂縫寬度達到1.5mm； C． 剪力區(qū)，受壓混凝土剪壓

2、破壞或斜壓破壞； D． 主筋端部相對混凝土滑移達0．1mm。 3．建筑結構的模型試驗的優(yōu)點，做如下表述中，哪一點是不以的？（ ） A． 制作容易，節(jié)省材料、時間、人力； B． 可以根據(jù)試驗目的，突出主要因素，針對性強； C． 可以嚴格控制其主要參數(shù)，避免許多外界因素干擾，保證數(shù)據(jù)準確； D． 能表達實體的一切特征。 4．在結構抗震動力試驗中，下列何種加載方法既能較好地模擬地震又有實現(xiàn)的可能？（ ） A．采用機械式偏心激振器激振 ； B．采用地震模擬振動臺； C．采用炸藥爆炸模擬人工地震； D．采用電磁激

3、振器激振。 5．貼電阻片處的應變?yōu)?00με，電阻片的靈敏系數(shù)K＝2．0，在這個電阻片上應產(chǎn)生的電阻變化率應是下列哪一個？（ ） A．0．2％ B．0．4％ C．0．1％ D．0．3％ 6．測量下列截面的內(nèi)力值，哪一種應變計布置不符合測量要求？（ ） A B C D 測軸力 (N) 測軸力與彎矩(N,Mx) 測軸力 (N) 測軸力與彎矩(N,M

4、x,My) 7．鋼筋混凝土梁受集中荷載作用，按下圖各截面的測點布置，哪一組應變測點可作為校核測點？（ ） ① ② ③ ④ A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 8. 用下列方法檢測混凝土強度等級，哪一種最可靠？（ ） A． 用超聲法測定混凝土強度等級；

5、 B．用鉆芯法測定混凝土強度等級； C. 用回彈法測定混凝土強度等級； D．用超聲－回彈法測定混凝土強度等級。 9.．用下列四種量測方法測量梁的正截面裂縫寬度，哪一種最標準？（ ） A． 取側面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度 B．取底面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度 C．取受拉主鋼筋重心處的最大裂縫寬度 D．取側面和底面三條最大裂縫平均寬度 10.結構試驗前，應進行預載，以下哪一條不當？（ ） A． 混凝土結構預載值不宜超過開裂荷載計算值70％ B． 預應力混凝土結構預載值可以超過開裂荷載計算值 C． 鋼結構的預載值

6、可以加到使用荷載 D． 預應力混凝土結構的預載值可以加至正常使用荷載 二．判斷題（下列論述，對的畫√，錯誤的畫） 1．結構靜力試驗加載分級是為了便于觀察變形與荷載的關系。（ ） 2．研究結構在荷載作用下的彈性、彈塑性直至破壞各階段全過程的工作性能，應取彈性模型進行試驗。（ ） 3．移動荷載作用下結構所產(chǎn)生的動撓度往往比靜撓度小。（ ） 4．結構靜力試驗時，安裝在結構上的儀表，要求剛度小，不影響被測結構的工作性能。（ ） 5．測量結構振動時，安裝在結構上的振動傳感器的質(zhì)量應盡可能大，才能不影響結構的振動特性。（ ） 三．簡答題

7、 1．試述測量應變有哪幾種儀器（方法）？ 2.生產(chǎn)檢驗性試驗與研究性試驗，荷載分級有哪些相同的？ 3.靜力試驗中，各級荷載下的恒載持續(xù)時間是如何規(guī)定的？ 4.怎樣確定開裂荷載實測值？ 5.一個截面對稱的構件，承受彎矩與軸力共同作用，如圖所示，用電阻應變儀測量彎矩引起的最大應變。試擬定一個測試方案，并列出應變儀讀數(shù)與實際應變的關系？ P M M P 6.測定結構的動力特性的方法有哪幾種？ 7．下圖為低周反復荷載試驗的結果。試說明圖中所示四點的強度的定義。 8．一根

8、端部作用著荷載的懸臂梁，按最大撓度（ ）相似設計模型，簡述確定相似常數(shù)的過程。 參考答案： 一、選擇題 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D 8. B 9．C 10．B 二．判斷題（下列論述，對的畫√，錯誤的畫） 1．√ 2． 3． 4．√ 5． 三．簡答題 1．答：①電阻應變計；②手持式應變計；③振弦式應變計。 2.答：①達到標準荷載之前，每級加載值不應大于標準值的20%，一般分五級加至標準荷載；②標準荷載之后，每級不宜大于標準荷載的10%；③對于鋼筋混凝土或預應力構件，加載到開裂荷載的90%后，也應改為不大于標準值的5%施加，直至

9、第一條裂縫出現(xiàn)，開裂后再恢復到正常加載程序。 3.答：①混凝土結構的級間停留時間不得少于10～15min，鋼結構取10min，砌體和木結構也可參照執(zhí)行。 ②在正常使用極限狀態(tài)標準荷載作用下的持續(xù)時間不應少于30min，鋼結構也不宜少于30min，砌體為30min的6倍；木結構不小于24小時；拱式磚石結構或混凝土結構不小于72小時。 ③對于預應力混凝土構件的研究性試驗，達到開裂荷載計算值仍未開裂，應持續(xù)30min(檢驗性構件不受此限制)。 ④對于采用新材料、新工藝、新結構形式的結構構件，或跨度較大(大于12m)的屋架、桁架等結構構件，為了確保使用期間的安全，要求在正常使用極限狀態(tài)短期試驗

10、荷載作用下的持續(xù)時間不宜少于12h，在這段時間內(nèi)變形繼續(xù)增長而無穩(wěn)定趨勢時，還應延長持續(xù)時間直至變形發(fā)展穩(wěn)定為止。 4.答：①如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時間結束后出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級荷載定為開裂荷載實測值。②如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級荷載與前一級荷載的平均值定為開裂荷載實測值。③如果沒有及時發(fā)現(xiàn)第一條裂縫，可取荷載—撓度曲線上的轉折點（曲線第一彎轉段兩端點切線的交點）的荷載值作為構件的開裂荷載實測值。 5.答：①如圖，在截面的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼一片電阻片； ②按半橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C端 ； ③=2。 （或：①如右圖，在截面

11、的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼兩片電阻片； ②按全橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B及C、D端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C及D、A端 ； ③=4。) 6.答：①自由振動法；②共振法；③脈動法。 7．答： ①開裂強度 試件出現(xiàn)垂直裂縫或斜裂縫時的截面內(nèi)力(Mf，Nf，Vf)或應力(σf，τf)值。 ②屈服強度 試件剛度開始明顯變化時的截面內(nèi)力(MY，NY，VY)或應力(fY，fY)值。 ③極限強度 試件達到最大承載能力時的截面內(nèi)力(Mmax，Nmax，Vmax)或應力(σmax，τmax)值。 ④破損強度 試件經(jīng)歷最大承載

12、能力后，達到某一剩余承載能力時的截面內(nèi)力(MP，NP，VP)或應力(σP，τP)值。目前試驗標準和規(guī)程規(guī)定可取極限強度的85％。 8．答：①按公式求相似判據(jù)π： ②將相似判據(jù)換算成相似指標，并令其為1，即： ③確定相應的相似常數(shù)：設材料相同、，最大撓度相同；則可求得： Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg

13、 injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA. Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening da

14、y. Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight. But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. The Kiwi -

15、with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011. "Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) ai

16、r up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya To

17、ure," he told BBC Sport. "For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was." Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs gov

18、erning body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. Th

19、e supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move throug

20、h the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As

21、he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. They blew it in 2008 when the

22、y got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester. Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournamen

23、t. That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then. They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a

24、good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates. It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final. In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis

25、at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday. The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence. They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion. 6 找那些找不到的電大作業(yè)答案，百度一下‘電大天堂’