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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
課 題：
旋鈕注塑模設(shè)計(jì)
專 題：
專 業(yè)：
模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
孫遠(yuǎn)飛
班 級(jí)：
10模具（2）班
學(xué) 號(hào)：
10020324
指 導(dǎo) 教 師：
劉毅
完 成 時(shí) 間：
2012年12月27日
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江陰職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
旋鈕注塑模設(shè)計(jì)
摘要
隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的高分子材料不斷被應(yīng)用。因此價(jià)格低廉、來(lái)源豐富、性能優(yōu)良的塑料制品已經(jīng)越來(lái)越普及，它在汽車、電腦、機(jī)械儀表、家電、通信等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域幾乎已經(jīng)起到不可替代的作用。
注射成形是把塑料原料放入注射機(jī)料筒中經(jīng)過(guò)加熱熔化均勻塑化，使之成為熔融狀態(tài)的流體，然后通過(guò)柱塞或螺桿高壓力注入模具型腔中，然后經(jīng)過(guò)保壓、冷卻、固化從而獲得塑料制品的加工工藝。
本產(chǎn)品是兒童玩具車座椅底部旋鈕，體積較大且?guī)в袃陕菁y孔。該產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)為大批量生產(chǎn)，故設(shè)計(jì)的模具必須要有較高的生產(chǎn)效率，螺紋能夠自動(dòng)脫模，故采用液壓傳動(dòng)裝置，齒條帶動(dòng)齒輪脫螺紋。而塑件底部有兩矩形臺(tái)階孔，可利用模具的開模力，采用斜導(dǎo)柱帶動(dòng)側(cè)滑塊完成側(cè)抽芯。為了保證塑件的質(zhì)量以及其使用性能故模具設(shè)計(jì)成一模兩腔。澆注系統(tǒng)采用側(cè)澆口，推出方式為推桿推出。因體積較大，冷卻時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)故在型腔板上開設(shè)冷卻水道，從而加速冷卻，減少塑件的成型時(shí)間。
關(guān)鍵詞：注射成型；斜導(dǎo)柱；一模兩腔
I
Design of injection mold for the knob
Abstract
With the continuous development of science and technology, more and more high polymer material has been applied. So the price is low, the source is rich, good performance of plastic products has been more and more popular, it in the car, computer, mechanical instrument, home appliances, communications, and other fields has almost play the role that cannot be replaced.
Injection molding is the plastic raw materials into the injection machine cylinder through heating melting uniform plasticizing, make it become the molten state of the fluid, and then through the plunger or screw high pressure injection mold cavity, and then after the pressure, cooling, curing to get plastic products processing technology. This product is a children's toy car seat bottom knob, large size and with two threaded hole. This product design for mass production, the design of the die must have higher production efficiency, thread automatically release, it adopts hydraulic drive, rack drive gear to take off the thread. And at the bottom of the plastic parts there are two rectangular step hole, can use mould cavity force, the inclined guide pillar drive the sideslip block complete side core-pulling. In order to guarantee the quality of plastic parts and its performance so mould design into a die two cavity. Pouring system adopts the side gate, roll out way out for the push rod. Because of the large size, cooling time is long so in cavity plate set on cooling channel, so as to accelerate cooling, reduce plastic parts forming time.
Keywords：Injection molding ;Slider angle pin ;One die two cavity
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目錄
摘 要.............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................................................................... I
目 錄.............................................................................................................................................I
第一章 緒論...................................................................................................................................1
1.1我國(guó)塑料模具的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和趨勢(shì).......................................................................................1
1.2課題的背景和意義...............................................................................................................2
1.3畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)、基本內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)、主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)，研究的可行性...................2
第二章 塑件的工藝性分析...........................................................................................................3
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)說(shuō)明書..................................................................................................................3
2.2塑件的尺寸精度分析...........................................................................................................4
2.3 壁厚分析..............................................................................................................................4
2.4 圓角分析..............................................................................................................................4
2.5 孔分析..................................................................................................................................5
2.6 螺紋分析..............................................................................................................................5
2.7 脫模斜度分析......................................................................................................................5
2.8加強(qiáng)肋分析...........................................................................................................................6
第三章 材料的工藝分析...............................................................................................................7
3.1塑件材料的選擇...................................................................................................................7
3.2材料的基本特性...................................................................................................................7
3.2.1高密度聚乙烯的物理性質(zhì)............................................................................................7
3.2.2高密度聚乙烯的化學(xué)性質(zhì)............................................................................................7
3.3 材料的成型特性..................................................................................................................7
第四章 成型設(shè)備的選擇...............................................................................................................9
4.1塑件體積的計(jì)算...................................................................................................................9
4.2 模具型腔數(shù)目的確定..........................................................................................................9
4.3 注塑機(jī)的初步選擇..............................................................................................................9
4.3.1 塑件所需的最大注射量...............................................................................................9
4.3.2 注射機(jī)的成型工藝參數(shù).............................................................................................10
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第五章 澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................11
5.1 分型面的選擇....................................................................................................................11
5.2 主流道的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................................11
5.3 分流道的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................................12
5.4 澆口的設(shè)計(jì)........................................................................................................................12
5.4.1 澆口的選擇（選擇側(cè)澆口）.....................................................................................13
5.4.2 澆口尺寸的確定.........................................................................................................13
5.5 冷料穴和拉料桿的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................13
第六章 成型零部件設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................15
6.1 零件工作部分尺寸的計(jì)算................................................................................................15
6.2 成型零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................16
第七章 脫螺紋機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................................................19
7.1 螺紋抽芯力的計(jì)算............................................................................................................19
7.2 螺紋抽芯旋轉(zhuǎn)圈數(shù)的計(jì)算................................................................................................19
7.3 齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................20
7.4 齒數(shù)與傳動(dòng)比的確定........................................................................................................20
7.5齒條工作部分尺寸的計(jì)算.................................................................................................21
第八章 注射模側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................22
8.1 抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)的類型................................................................................................................22
8.2 斜導(dǎo)柱的基本形式............................................................................................................22
8.3 斜導(dǎo)柱抽芯傾斜角的選取................................................................................................22
8.4 斜導(dǎo)柱工作參數(shù)的確定....................................................................................................22
8.4.1 抽芯力與開模行程的計(jì)算.........................................................................................22
8.4.2 抽拔距地計(jì)算.............................................................................................................23
8.4.3 斜導(dǎo)柱所受彎曲力的計(jì)算.........................................................................................23
8.4.4 斜導(dǎo)柱直徑的計(jì)算.....................................................................................................23
8.4.5 斜導(dǎo)柱長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算.....................................................................................................23
8.5 側(cè)滑塊與壓緊塊的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................23
8.5.1 側(cè)滑塊的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................23
8.5.2 導(dǎo)滑槽的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................24
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8.5.3 楔緊塊的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................24
8.5.4 側(cè)滑塊定位裝置的設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................24
第九章 結(jié)構(gòu)零部件的設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................................................26
9.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注射模架的選擇........................................................................................................26
9.2 限位螺釘?shù)倪x擇................................................................................................................26
9.3 導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................................................27
9.4 推出機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................................................27
第十章 溫度調(diào)節(jié)及排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................................28
10.1 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)......................................................................................................28
10.2 排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)..............................................................................................................28
第十一章 模具與注射機(jī)的校核.................................................................................................30
11.1 鎖模力的校核..................................................................................................................30
11.2 模具閉合高度的校核......................................................................................................30
11.3開模行程的校核...............................................................................................................30
11.4 最大注射量的校核..........................................................................................................31
11.5 最大注射壓力的校核......................................................................................................31
11.6 模具安裝尺寸的校核......................................................................................................31
第十二章 繪制模具總裝配圖及零件圖.....................................................................................32
12.1模具總裝配圖...................................................................................................................32
12.2部分零件圖.......................................................................................................................33
結(jié) 語(yǔ)...........................................................................................................................................35
致 謝...........................................................................................................................................36
參考文獻(xiàn).......................................................................................................................................37
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第一章 緒論
1.1我國(guó)塑料模具的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和趨勢(shì)
近幾年來(lái)，世界模具市場(chǎng)總量一直保持在600億～650億美元之間。04年世界模具產(chǎn)值約600億美元,亞洲約占200億美元,中國(guó)大約占有65億美元。但是進(jìn)口比例大約為10～20億美元。近年來(lái)這些模具在我國(guó)逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)產(chǎn)化,我國(guó)近年來(lái)模具工業(yè)及其進(jìn)出口情況如表1-1所示。
表1-1 中國(guó)的模具工業(yè)及其進(jìn)出口情況
年份
生產(chǎn)廠家
（個(gè)）
產(chǎn)值（銷售額）
（億元人民幣）
進(jìn)口
（億美元）
出口
（億美元）
1984
6000
15
0.245
0.013
1994
10000
130
7.650
0.389
2004
——
530
18.130
4.910
2006
30000
720
20.470
10.41
2007
——
870
20.040
14.15
2008
——
950
20.04
19.22
目前,我國(guó)模具制造技術(shù)與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比還有較大差距,其中創(chuàng)新能力差距非常突出，最主要的原因是我國(guó)自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品較少。為了鼓勵(lì)機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展，2005年12月21日國(guó)務(wù)院正式頒布《促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整規(guī)定》，其中第19項(xiàng)是：大型、精密模具及汽車模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造?？梢?jiàn)，國(guó)家對(duì)機(jī)械工業(yè)的重視。
近年來(lái)現(xiàn)代化的科學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)在我國(guó)得到廣泛應(yīng)用，如：熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔注射技術(shù)和多色注射技術(shù)等。許多國(guó)際著名CAD/CAE/CAM軟件如：CATIA、UG、Pro/E、I-DEAS、Euclid-IS、Mold flow、DYNAFORM、DEFORM逐漸被引進(jìn)，并得到了很好的應(yīng)用。同時(shí)自主開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)軟件，例如：華中理工大學(xué)注塑、汽車覆蓋件和級(jí)進(jìn)模具CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng)、上海交大沖壓、擠壓和精沖模具CAD系統(tǒng)、西安交大的沖壓和級(jí)進(jìn)模具CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)（XJCY）、北京機(jī)電研究所鍛模CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng)等，也有了較大的發(fā)展。