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附錄 附錄 1 NC technology and equipment trends and countermeasures Alexander Ludwig Abstract This paper describes the current world NC technology and equipment and the development trend of China s CNC equipment and technology development and industrialization of the status quo based on this discussion in China s WTO accession and opening up further deepen under the new circumstances the development of China NC technology and equipment and enhance the country s information industry and the level of international competitiveness of the importance of strategy and tactics from the two dimensions of the development of China s technology and equipment NC Viewpoints Industrial equipment of the technological level and degree of modernization of the national economy as a whole is determined by the level and degree of modernization NC technology and equipment is the development of new high tech industries and cutting edge industries such as information technology and related industries biotechnology and related industries aviation aerospace and other defense industrial enabling technology and the most basic equipment Marx once said that the difference between various economic times what is not production and production is how what labor production Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic of human activities in the production of capital goods and numerical control technology is today s advanced manufacturing technology and equipment the core technology The world today manufacturing CNC technology widely used to enhance manufacturing capability and the level of increase on the dynamic ability to adapt to changing market and competitive ability In addition to the world s industrialized countries will NC NC technology and equipment as a national strategic commodities not only to take significant measures to develop its own CNC technology and its industries but also in the high tech key technology and equipment NC aspects of the implementation of China s policy of closures and restrictions In short vigorously develop its NC technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the world s least developed countries to accelerate economic development and enhance the overall national strength and an important way to statehood NC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and the work process control technology NC NC technology equipment is the representative of new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and new manufacturing formation of the infiltration of electromechanical integration products the so called Digital equipment and its technical covering many areas 1 Machinery Manufacturing Technology 2 information processing processing transmission technology 3 automatic control technology 4 servo drive technology 5 sensor technology 6 software technology 1 NC technology development trends NC technology applications not only to the traditional manufacturing sector has brought revolutionary changes in the manufacturing industry as a symbol of industrialization and along with the constant development of NC technology and the expansion of the area of application he comes to some important sectors IT automobiles light industry health care etc playing an increasingly important role in these industries because of digital equipment needed is the development of the modern trend Judging from the current NC Technology and the world view of the trend of the development of equipment and its main research focus in the following areas 1 4 1 1 high speed high technology and equipment finishing the new trend Efficiency and quality is the main body of advanced manufacturing technology High speed high finishing technologies can greatly improve the efficiency improve product quality and grades shortening the production cycle and improve market competitiveness For this reason Japan will tip its technology research as five of the modern manufacturing technology and international production Engineering Society CIRP will be identified as the center of the 21st century one of the research directions In the car industry the annual production of 300 000 is 40 seconds beats units and car variety processing equipment is the key problems must be solved one of the aviation and aerospace industry processing for more than thin walled parts and the thin line stiffness poor material for aluminum or aluminum alloy and only in high cutting speed cutting force small circumstances can these tendons wall processing Recently a large overall aluminum alloy billets hollowing out approach to manufacture wings fuselage and other parts to replace large number of parts by many rivets screws and other foodstuff to connect to the component strength stiffness and reliability has been upgraded All of the processing equipment to the high speed high precision and high flexibility requirements EMO2001 show from the point of view high speed machining centers to speed up to 80 m min or even higher air speed of 100 m min or so At present many of the world s automobile plants including China s Shanghai General Motors Corp have already been used in high speed machining center of the production line of alternative combinations machine CINCINNATI the United States HyperMach largest machine tool to speed up to 60 m min and rapid 100 m min the acceleration of 2 g spindle speed reached 60 000r min A thin walled processing aircraft parts only 30 min and the same high speed milling machine parts in the general processing takes 3 h in the general milling machine processing to 8 h Germany DMG s dual spindle lathe spindle speed and acceleration respectively 12 000 r mm and 1 g In the processing accuracy the past 10 years the general level of machining precision CNC machine has been raised to 10 m 5 m precision machining center from 3 to 5 m and increased to 1 1 5 m and ultra precision machining accuracy has entered nanotechnology 0 01 m In the reliability of foreign NC device MTBF value has reached more than 6 000h the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000 h showing very high reliability In order to achieve high speed high finishing ancillary components such as the spindle linear motors have been rapid development of application areas further expanded 1 2 5 axis machining and composite machining and rapid development On a 5 axis machining 3D parts can be the best tool for cutting geometry and not only finish high and also greatly improve efficiency Generally believed that one 5 axis machine tools can be equivalent to the efficiency of 2 3 axis machine tools in particular the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for high speed milling cutter hardened steel components the 5 axis machining comparable 3 axis Processing play higher efficiency But in the past because of 5 axis CNC system host of complex reasons its price than the 3 axis CNC machine tool is several times higher and the more difficult programming technology restricted the 5 axis machine tool development At present due to the emergence of electro spindle and make the attainment of the 5 axis machining spindle head composite structure substantially simplified its manufacturing difficulties and costs lowered significantly NC system narrowing the price gap Therefore promotion of the first type of spindle 5 axis machine tools and machining complex including 5 sided machining development In EMO2001 exhibition the new Japan 5 sided machining machine tool spindle first compound can be realized four vertical plane processing and the processing of arbitrary angle making 5 sided machining and 5 axis machining can be realized on the same machine tilted surface can be realized and inverted cone processing German companies at DMG DMUVoution Series machining centers in a fixture of 5 sided machining and 5 axis machining CNC system can be controlled or CAD CAM direct or indirect control 1 3 intelligent open network based CNC system as one of the major trends in the development of 21 NC equipment will be is a certain intelligent systems intelligent content included in the NC system in all aspects the pursuit of processing efficiency and the quality of the intelligent processing such as the adaptive process control process Automatic Generation of parameters drive to improve performance and to facilitate the use of the intelligent connections such as feedforward control the electrical parameters of adaptive computing automatic identification load automatically selected model self tuning etc simplify programming simplifying the operation Intelligent such as intelligent automatic programming and intelligent human machine interface also intelligent diagnosis intelligent monitoring the contents of the system to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance To address the traditional system of NC NC closed and the application software industry production existing problems Many countries to open CNC systems research such as the United States of NGC The Next Generation Work Station Machine Control the EC OSACA Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems Japan OSEC Open System Environment for Controller China s ONC Open Numerical Control System CNC system has become open NC The future of the system The so called open CNC system is the development of CNC system can be run in a unified platform and the machine tool manufacturers and end users by changing adding or tailoring of objects NC function a serialization and easy to the customer s specific application and technical know how to control system integration rapid realization of different varieties different grades of open CNC system and form a distinctive brand products NC current open system architecture norms communications specification the standard configuration operation platform the system functions as well as NC NC system software development tools and is the core of the current study NC network equipment in the last two years internationally renowned Machine Tool Exposition of a new bright spot NC network equipment will be great to meet production lines manufacturing systems manufacturing enterprise information integration needs is a new manufacturing paradigm as agile manufacturing virtual enterprise the basis of global manufacturing unit Some well known at home and abroad CNC machine tools and CNC system manufacturing company in the past two years introduced a related new concepts and prototypes such as EMO2001 exhibition Japan Yamasaki file Mazak exhibited CyberProduction Center Intelligent Production Control Center or CPC Japan Okuma Okuma machine tool companies exhibited the IT plaza Information Technology Square as IT Plaza Germany s Siemens Siemens at the company s Open Manufacturing Environment open manufacturing environment or OME reflecting the network CNC machining to develop in the direction of the trend 1 4 emphasis on new technical standards the establishment of norms 1 4 1 on the NC system design and development norms As mentioned earlier open CNC system better interoperability flexibility adaptability scalability the United States the EC and Japan and other countries have implemented strategic development plan and open architecture CNC system norms OMAC OSACA OSEC research and development of the world s three largest economies in the short term was almost the same as the scientific programme and the development of norms NC foretells a new technology changes the coming period China in 2000 also began in China ONC CNC system of research and normative framework for the development 1 4 2 on the NC Standard NC manufacturing standards of the development of information a trend CNC technology was born 50 years after the exchange of information are based on the ISO6983 standard that is by G and M code describe how how processing and its essential character oriented process it is clear that he has become increasingly unable to meet modern NC High speed technology development needs To this end the international community is research and development of a new CNC system standard ISO14649 STEP NC the aim is to provide a system not dependent on the specific neutral mechanism can describe the entire life cycle of products within the unified data model in order to achieve the manufacturing process as well as various industrial fields standardized product information STEP NC is likely NC technology is a revolution the development of the NC and the entire manufacturing sector it will have far reaching implications First the STEP NC A new manufacturing philosophy the traditional manufacturing concepts NC machining process are concentrated in a single computer And in the new standards the NC program can be distributed on the Internet which is open CNC technology the network of the direction of development Secondly the STEP NC NC system can be greatly reduced processing drawings about 75 preparation of processing time approximately 35 and processing time approximately 50 At present Europe and the United States attach great importance to the STEP NC research Europe launched the STEP NC IMS plan 1999 1 1 2001 12 31 Participating in the scheme from Europe and Japan 20 CAD CAM CAPP CNC users vendors and academic institutions United States STEP Tools Inc is the world of manufacturing data exchange software development he has developed for CNC machining exchange of information super model Super Model its goal is to use a unified description of all norms process At present this new data exchange format has been equipped with SIEMENS and the European OSACA FIDIA NC NC prototype of the system was verified 2 Two pairs of NC technology and the development of basic industries estimate CNC technology in China started in 1958 the last 50 years of development history can be broadly classified into three stages the first stage from 1958 to 1979 that is a closed stage of development At this stage as foreign technology blockade and our basic conditions the development of NC technology more slowly The second stage is in the country s June 5 July 5 and during the Eighth Five early that is the introduction of technology digestion and absorption initially established system of the domestic stage At this stage due to reform and opening up and national attention and research and development environment and the improvement of the international environment China s CNC technology research and development as well as in the area of domestic products has made considerable progress The third stage is in the country s Eighth Five and later Ninth Five Year period that is the implementation of the industrialization of research into market competition stage At this stage China s domestic industries of CNC equipment has made substantial progress In the Ninth Five Year the China CNC machine tool of the domestic market share of 50 with domestic CNC system universal type also reached 10 Throughout China s CNC technology nearly 50 years of development history particularly after four five year plan and tackle the general view in the following results A laid the basis for the development of numerical control technology basically mastered the modern CNC technology China has basically mastered from the NC system servo driven NC console accessories and parts of the plane and its technical basis the majority of whom possesses the technology has been the basis for the development of commercialization technology has been part of the commercialization and industrialization of B initially formed a NC industrial base In the research results and commercialization of the technology on the basis of the establishment of the NC Central China such as aerospace such as production capacity NC NC systems production plant Maryland Motor Works a group of central NC servo system and servo motor manufacturing plant as well as Beijing No 1 Machine Tool Plant Jinan first of a number of CNC machine tool plant host plant These factories basically formed the country s industrial base NC C NC established a research development the basic team management personnel While in the research and development of NC technology and industrialization of China has made remarkable progress but we have to clearly recognize that China s high end CNC technology research and development especially in the industrialization of the status quo and the technological level of China s practical needs there is still a significant gap Although longitudinal look at the development of our country very fast but horizontal ratio compared with other countries there is a gap between the level of technology not only in certain areas there is a gap between the speed of development that is some of sophisticated CNC equipment to expand the gap between the level of technology trends From the international perspective the level of China s CNC technology and the level of industry estimates are as follows A technical level with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in even more sophisticated technology B industry level the market share of low coverage of small no large scale production of components and complete sets of specialized production and low capacity level appearance of a relatively poor quality reliability is not high lack of commercialization Domestic NC system is not yet set up their own brand user s lack of confidence C the capacity for sustainable development the competition before NC technology research and development engineering capability is weak NC efforts to expand the area of application is not strong relevant standards of the study formulation lagging behind Analysis of the main reasons for the gap exist in the following areas A awareness NC process of the domestic industry arduous complex and long term understanding of the characteristics of inadequate market regulations the blockade and stifle foreign institutional underestimating the difficulties such as NC technology to China s level and ability of not enough B system aspects From a technical point of concern NC Industrialization of the time from the system the perspective of industrial chain NC industries considered when the issue of less quality without the establishment of a complete support system comprehensive training service network support system C mechanism Adverse mechanism caused the brain drain and the technical constraints and technical route innovation product innovation and restricting the effective implementation of the planning often planning vision implementation difficulties D technology Enterprises in the technical aspects of the capability of independent innovation is not strong core technical engineering capability is not strong Machine Tool standards backward lower level the CNC system on the new standards inadequate Three pairs of NC technology and industrial development of the strategic thinking 3 1 strategic considerations China is Zhicaodaguo transfer of industries in the world we should try to accept front end and back end instead of the transfer that is to master core technologies and advanced manufacturing or in the new round of international industrial restructuring China s manufacturing industry will be further empty core Our resources the environment the market price of the exchange may be only the world s new economic structure of the international processing center and assembly centers rather than grasp core technology manufacturing centre which will seriously affect our modern manufacturing process of development We should stand on national security importance to the strategic height of NC technology and industrial problems first of all from social security because manufacturing employment in China is the most populous industries the manufacturing sector can not only improve the people s standard of living but also to ease China the pressure on employment and social stability followed from national defense and security the developed countries of the West to NC sophisticated products are classified as national strategic material for our country to achieve the embargo and restrictio