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編 號 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 論 文 相 關(guān) 資 料 題目 單級減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè) 計(jì) 機(jī) 電 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號 0923199 學(xué)生姓名 張亞東 指導(dǎo)教師 鮑虹蘇 職稱 高工 職稱 2013 年 5 月 25 日 目 錄 一 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 論文 開題報(bào)告 二 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 論文 外文資料翻譯及原文 三 學(xué)生 畢業(yè)論文 論文 計(jì)劃 進(jìn)度 檢查及落實(shí)表 四 實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 論 文 開 題 報(bào) 告 題目 單級減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè) 計(jì) 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號 0923199 學(xué)生姓名 張亞東 指導(dǎo)教師 鮑虹蘇 職稱 高工 職稱 2012 年 11 月 24 日 課題來源 機(jī)械制造業(yè)是一個國家最基礎(chǔ)的行業(yè) 也決定了一個國家制造業(yè)的整體水平現(xiàn)在 中國已經(jīng)是一個制造大國 中國的制造業(yè)規(guī)模已經(jīng)達(dá)到世界第四位 僅次于美國 日 本和德國 研究內(nèi)容 本設(shè)計(jì)是針對減速機(jī)箱體工藝的制作 主要研究的是減速機(jī)箱蓋的工藝過程 減速 機(jī)的底座的工藝過程 減速機(jī)箱體合裝后的工藝過程以及對該技術(shù)的測試和其實(shí)用性 的研究 并由此做出了對現(xiàn)行的減速機(jī)的箱體的改造和進(jìn)一步的完善 在這次的箱體 工藝制造中 對一些主要程序比如說結(jié)合面聯(lián)接孔 鉆頂面螺紋底孔 攻螺紋 鉆側(cè) 面測油孔 放油孔 螺紋底孔 沉孔 攻螺紋 等的研究 擬采取的研究方法 技術(shù)路線 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 1 設(shè)計(jì)一個中等復(fù)雜的零件的加工工藝規(guī)程 2 設(shè)計(jì)一個專用夾具 3 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)做出減速機(jī)箱的基本設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 1 繪制零件工件圖一張 2 繪制毛坯 零件合圖一張 3 編制機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程卡片一套 4 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份 5 收集和研究原始資料 為夾具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)做好技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備 6 初步擬定夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案 繪制夾具結(jié)構(gòu)草圖 進(jìn)行必要的理論計(jì)算和分析 選擇最佳的夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案 確定夾具精度和夾具總圖尺寸 公差配合與技術(shù)要求 7 繪制夾具總圖和主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書 8 編制夾具特殊使用維護(hù) 操作 制造方面的說明或技術(shù)要求 研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果 研究計(jì)劃 2012 年 11 月 12 日 2012 年 12 月 25 日 按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料 填 寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書 2013 年 1 月 11 日 2013 年 3 月 5 日 填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告 2013 年 3 月 8 日 2013 年 3 月 14 日 按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告 2013 年 3 月 15 日 2013 年 3 月 21 日 學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料 2013 年 3 月 22 日 2013 年 4 月 11 日 設(shè)計(jì)減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)并畫出相關(guān)草圖 2013 年 4 月 12 日 2013 年 4 月 25 日 完善設(shè)計(jì)所需的各種零件圖 夾具圖 并對設(shè) 計(jì)的所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理 做好撰寫畢業(yè)論文的準(zhǔn) 備 2013 年 4 月 26 日 2013 年 5 月 20 日 畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作 預(yù)期成果 機(jī)械制造技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)是培養(yǎng)機(jī)械工程類專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)職應(yīng)崗能力的重要實(shí)踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié) 它要求學(xué)生能全面綜合地運(yùn)用所學(xué)的理論和實(shí)踐知識 進(jìn)行零件機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程和 工藝裝備的設(shè)計(jì) 其基本目的是 1 培養(yǎng)工程意識 2 訓(xùn)練基本技能 3 培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量意識 4 培養(yǎng)規(guī)范意識 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 1 設(shè)計(jì)了一副可以多方面加工的夾具 減少了原材料的應(yīng)用和所需的工時(shí) 2 設(shè)計(jì)了多種加工方案 并對其比較 選出最佳方案 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 1 一是對鏜床的不熟悉 二是在公差與配合方面的知識所學(xué)較少 2 學(xué)院圖書館相關(guān)資料有限 并且很多資料不外借處學(xué)校 設(shè)計(jì)此項(xiàng)目任務(wù)重工作 量大物力條件有限以及經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因造成難以落實(shí)原材料加工出成品 3 經(jīng)過努力 設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到了預(yù)想的成功 由于條件的限制沒能加工出成品 但對于我 自己來說已經(jīng)學(xué)到了不少東西 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名 2011 年 11 月 20 日 教研室 學(xué)科組 研究所 意見 教研室主任簽名 年 月 日 系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名 年 月 日 英文原文 Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsis First what is reducer Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies the use of gear speed converters motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few and have greater torque institutions The reducer role 1 velocity at the same time increase the output torque torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer 2 the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia The type of reducer General helical gear reducer has reducer including parallel shaft helical gear reducer a worm reducer bevel gear reducer etc planetary gear reducer Cycloid reducer a worm reducer a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines Common reducer 1 worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self locking function can be larger than a slowdown input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same nor in the same plane But generally larger transmission efficiency is not high the accuracy is not high 2 Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement not volume high precision but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life impatient shocks rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor Not too high speed input 3 planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure the return gap small high precision and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great However a price slightly expensive the requirements of parts before assembly 1 Rolling cleaning with gasoline kerosene other parts cleaning All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist Gear box and the inner wall Worm unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion resistant oil paint box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color color requested by host 2 Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants Second the requirements of installation and adjustment 1 Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0 05 mm thick Cypriot feet 2 Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings such as deep groove ball bearings axial clearance of 0 25 to 0 4 mm the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance angular contact ball bearing axial clearance 3 Gear Worm meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure Will be lead wire on the alveolar and then turning gear and squash lead wire measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth 4 Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2 10 4 bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2 11 4 Gearing contact Dot 2 12 4 Third seal requirements 1 Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal 2 Assembly the bolt tightening box before using 0 05 mm Cypriot foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface 3 Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements Forth lubrication requirements 1 Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 2 Bearing lubrication fat grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 2 to 2 3 3 Lubricants should be regularly replaced the new reducer used for the first time the operation of oil 7 14 days according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil Fifth the test requirements 1 Empty operation at rated speed is anti running 1 to 2 hours 2 Load test at rated speed rated load operation the oil temperature balance to date On the gear reducer requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC the worm reducer requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC 3 Entire testing process for the smooth operation noise not loosening the fixed link sealed not with the Sixth packaging and transportation requirements 1 Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging 2 Handling lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed and sometimes also by other projects mainly by the specific design requirements Seventh Technical requirements 1 Assembly all parts cleaning with kerosene gasoline Rolling cleansing while the existence of any debris Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice 2 Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0 16 mm lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times 3 Used Tu color dot test Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40 of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent Can be used when necessary grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts 4 Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted 40 0 05 0 1 mm 55 0 08 0 15 mm 5 Test reducer subdivision surface the contact surface and seal oil spills are not allowed Split Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler 6 Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation First the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive the worm drive primarily but has the power and the load ratio generally is small or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question Moreover in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness the large scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent the service life is not long The domestic use large scale reduction gear above 500kw many from overseas for example Denmark Germany and so on imports The 60 s start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission cycloid pin gear transmission overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big volume small mechanical efficiency higher merit But its transmission theory limit cannot transmit the oversized power the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw Because in the transmission theoretically the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through therefore has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way the velocity ratio big the volume small the weight light mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically The 90 s initial period the home appears three links gear the reduction gear is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear it may realize the great velocity ratio transmission load ability is also big Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear the structure is simple the efficiency is also high Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure therefore caused the power volume or weight the ratio is still small Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread this do not have in the use many inconveniently Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful stable motion speed reducer gear to have outside three link reduction gear merit but also has the big power weight or volume the ratio as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit is at the domestic leading position The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles has published some research paper in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear Second the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion meshing through tooth profile between actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation the realization reduction gear function The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization either sine organization or cross slide organization This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization also may be the entity use parallelogram organization Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output This organization also calls three links gear the reduction gear As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring therefore its size is not compact cannot solve the volume major problem In stable motion gear reduction its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring reduced the organization overall size greatly Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high volume small input output coaxial line therefore by widespread application prospect Third this project technical characteristic and key technologies 1 this project technical characteristics in this new stable motion speed reducer gear and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares has the following characteristic 1 velocity ratio scope is big gets up from I 10 may reach most greatly several thousand If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit 2 transmission power scope is big And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor 3 structure simple the volume small the weight is light Reduces about 1 3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear 4 mechanical efficiency is high 95 5 this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison Because lacks the data various reduction gears power load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior Table 1 Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power kw reduction gear ratio quality kg QI 450 93 31 5 1820 ZSY 250 95 31 5 540 NGW 92 88 1 31 5 577 SEW Germany 90 28 61 1300 NP 100 100 30 400 Note NP 100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery 2 this project key technologies May know by Figure 2 in stable motion speed reducer gear is by annular gear Z2 external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes Its transmission principle is The electrical machinery input rotary motion the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration its center of circle path is a circle makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration therefore name stable motion gear mechanism The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization may use 6 12 to sell the axis the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision the gear teeth main parameter choice These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality Overall speaking the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3 this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent the patent number ZL95227767 0 This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 power 2 5kW after velocity ratio I 32 with some factory and mine cooperation has one after another designed following several kind of different powers the different velocity ratio reduction gear 1 electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear power 550W velocity ratio I 26 is united as one body with the electrical machinery sion quality 2 mixer uses the reduction gear power 370W velocity ratio I 17 3 some military goods use two kind of reduction gears one kind of power 370W velocity ratio I 23 5 Another kind of power 370W velocity ratio I 103 two level of transmission reduction gear 4 steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear power 7 5kw velocity ratio I 64 5 steel mill table reduction gear power 7 5kw transmission I 11 In this patent foundation has developed one kind of new ultra large reduction gear the power may reach 1000kw at present is developing subminiature outlook size for a millimeter level miniature reduction gear Graduation design task First a design Monorail Driver Design reducer Second the design of the original data 1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating 7 5 KW 2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio 15 around 3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm 4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm Third the equipment and the working environment This can be used to mine underground open air dust humidity air quality bad comparison bad work environment and the operational requirements of a safe space Fourth the design requirements To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing From the following aspects considered L to streamline the shape of each parts machinery simple structure 2 merge the functions of spare parts reducing the types or quantities of spare parts 3 Application of the new structure new technology new materials product reliability 4 decomposition components its assembly the assembly of the most simple structure 5 similar to parts of the division 6 standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis 7 The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization 8 assembly equipment design a map 0 the Six Parts 3 the design specification of a not less than 30 000 words and the design of technical and economic analysis 中文譯文 一 什么是減速器 減速器是一種動力傳達(dá)機(jī)構(gòu) 利用齒輪的速度轉(zhuǎn)換器 將馬達(dá)的回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)減速到所要的 回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù) 并得到較大轉(zhuǎn)矩的機(jī)構(gòu) 1 減速器的作用 1 降速同時(shí)提高輸出扭矩 扭矩輸出比例按電機(jī)輸出乘減速比 但要注意不能超出 減速器額定扭矩 2 減速同時(shí)降低了負(fù)載的慣量 慣量的減少為減速比的平方 大家可以看一下一般 電機(jī)都有一個慣量數(shù)值 2 減速器的種類 一般的減速器有斜齒輪減速器 包括平行軸斜齒輪減速器 蝸輪減速器 錐齒輪減速 器等等 行星齒輪減速器 擺線針輪減速器 蝸輪蝸桿減速器 行星摩擦式機(jī)械無級變 速機(jī)等等 3 常見減速器 1 蝸輪蝸桿減速器的主要特點(diǎn)是具有反向自鎖功能 可以有較大的減速比 輸入軸 和輸出軸不在同一軸線上 也不在同一平面上 但是一般體積較大 傳動效率不高 精度 不高 2 諧波減速器的諧波傳動是利用柔性元件可控的彈性變形來傳遞運(yùn)動和動力的 體 積不大 精度很高 但缺點(diǎn)是柔輪壽命有限 不耐沖擊 剛性與金屬件相比較差 輸入轉(zhuǎn) 速不能太高 3 行星減速器其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊 回程間隙小 精度較高 使用壽命很長 額 定輸出扭矩可以做的很大 但價(jià)格略貴一 對裝配前零件的要求 1 滾動軸承用汽油清洗 其他零件用煤油清洗 所有零件和箱體內(nèi)不許有任何雜質(zhì)存在 箱體內(nèi)壁和齒輪 蝸輪 等未加工表面先后涂兩次不被機(jī)油侵蝕的耐油漆 箱體外表 面先后涂底漆和顏色油漆 按主機(jī)要求配色 2 零件配合面洗凈后涂以潤滑油 二 安裝和調(diào)整的要求 1 滾動軸承的安裝 滾動軸承安裝時(shí)軸承內(nèi)圈應(yīng)緊貼軸肩 要求縫隙不得通過 0 05mm 厚的塞尺 2 軸承軸向游隙 對游隙不可調(diào)整的軸承 如深溝球軸承 其軸向游隙為 0 25 0 4mm 對游隙可調(diào)整 的軸承軸向游隙數(shù)值見表 點(diǎn)擊查看圓錐滾子軸承軸向游 隙 角接觸球軸承軸向游隙 3 齒輪 蝸輪 嚙合的齒側(cè)間隙 可用塞尺或壓鉛法 即將鉛絲放在齒槽上 然后 轉(zhuǎn)動齒輪而壓扁鉛絲 測量兩齒側(cè)被 壓扁鉛絲厚度之和即為齒側(cè)的大小 4 齒面接觸斑點(diǎn)圓柱齒輪齒面接觸斑點(diǎn) 2 10 4 圓錐齒輪齒面接觸斑點(diǎn) 2 11 4 蝸 桿傳動接觸斑點(diǎn) 2 12 4 三 密封要求 1 箱體剖分面之間不允許填任何墊片 但可以涂密封膠或水玻璃以保證密封 2 裝配時(shí) 在擰緊箱體螺栓前 應(yīng)使用 0 05mm 的塞尺檢查箱蓋和箱座結(jié)合面之間的 密封性 3 軸伸密封處應(yīng)涂以潤滑脂 各密封裝置應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按要求安裝 四 潤滑要求 1 合理確定潤滑油和潤滑脂類型和牌號 2 軸承脂潤滑時(shí) 潤滑脂的填充量一般為可加脂空間的 1 2 2 3 3 潤滑油應(yīng)定期更換 新減速器第一次使用時(shí) 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 7 14 天后換油 以后可以根據(jù) 情況每隔 3 6 個月?lián)Q一次油 五 試驗(yàn)要求 1 空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下正 反運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 1 2 小時(shí) 2 負(fù)荷試驗(yàn) 在額定轉(zhuǎn)速 額定負(fù)荷下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 至油溫平衡為止 對齒輪減速器 要求油池溫升不超過 35oC 軸承溫升不超過 40oC 對蝸桿減速器 要求油池溫升不超 過 60oC 軸承溫升不超過 50oC 3 全部試驗(yàn)過程中 要求運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn) 噪聲小 聯(lián)接固定處不松動 各密封 結(jié)合處不 六 包裝和運(yùn)輸要求 1 外伸軸及其附件應(yīng)涂油包裝 2 搬運(yùn) 起吊時(shí)不得使用吊環(huán)螺釘及吊耳以上技術(shù)要求不一定全部列出 有時(shí)還需另 增項(xiàng)目 主要由設(shè)計(jì)的具體要求而定 七 技術(shù)要求 1 裝配前 所有零件用煤油清洗 滾動軸承用汽油清洗 不許有任何 雜物存在 內(nèi)壁涂上不被機(jī)油腐蝕的涂料兩次 2 嚙合側(cè)隙用鉛絲檢驗(yàn)不小于 0 16mm 鉛絲不得大于最小側(cè)隙的 4 倍 3 用涂色法檢驗(yàn)斑點(diǎn) 按齒高接觸點(diǎn)不小于 40 按齒長接觸斑點(diǎn)不 小于 50 必要時(shí)可用研磨或刮后研磨以便改善接觸情況 4 應(yīng)調(diào)整軸承軸向間隙 40 為 0 05 0 1mm 55 為 0 08 0 15mm 5 檢驗(yàn)減速器剖分面 各接觸面及密封處 均不許漏油 剖分面允許 涂以密封油 漆或水玻璃 不允許使用任何填料 6 機(jī)座內(nèi)裝 N100 潤滑油至規(guī)定高度 八 下面我介紹我國減速器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 一 國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動 蝸桿傳動為主 但普遍存在著功率與重量比小 或者傳動比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題 另外 材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn) 特別 是大型的減速器問題更突出 使用壽命不長 國內(nèi)使用的大型減速器 500kw 以上 多從 國外 如丹麥 德國等 進(jìn)口 60 年代開始生產(chǎn)的少齒差傳動 擺線針輪傳動 諧波傳動 等減速器具有傳動比大 體積小 機(jī)械效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn) 但受其傳動的理論的限制 不能傳 遞過大的功率 功率一般都要小于 40kw 由于在傳動的理論上 工藝水平和材料品質(zhì)方面 沒有突破 因此 沒能從根本上解決傳遞功率大 傳動比大 體積小 重量輕 機(jī)械效率 高等這些基本要求 90 年代初期 國內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的三環(huán) 齒輪 減速器 是一種外平動齒輪傳 動的減速器 它可實(shí)現(xiàn)較大的傳動比 傳遞載荷的能力也大 它的體積和重量都比定軸齒 輪減速器輕 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單 效率亦高 由于該減速器的三軸平行結(jié)構(gòu) 故使功率 體積 或重 量 比值仍小 且其輸入軸與輸出軸不在同一軸線上 這在使用上有許多不便 北京理工 大學(xué)研制成功的 內(nèi)平動齒輪減速器 不僅具有三環(huán)減速器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外 還有著大的功率 重量 或體積 比值 以及輸入軸和輸出軸在同一軸線上的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 處于國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先地位 國內(nèi)有 少數(shù)高等學(xué)校和廠礦企業(yè)對平動齒輪傳動中的某些原理做些研究工作 發(fā)表過一些研究論 文 在利用擺線齒輪作平動減速器開展了一些工作 二 平動齒輪減速器工作原理簡介 平動齒輪減速器是指一對齒輪傳動中 一個齒 輪在平動發(fā)生器的驅(qū)動下作平面平行運(yùn)動 通過齒廓間的嚙合 驅(qū)動另一個齒輪作定軸減 速轉(zhuǎn)動 實(shí)現(xiàn)減速傳動的作用 平動發(fā)生器可采用平行四邊形機(jī)構(gòu) 或正弦機(jī)構(gòu)或十字滑 塊機(jī)構(gòu) 本成果采用平行四邊形機(jī)構(gòu)作為平動發(fā)生器 平動發(fā)生器可以是虛擬的采用平行 四邊形機(jī)構(gòu) 也可以是實(shí)體的采用平行四邊形機(jī)構(gòu) 有實(shí)用價(jià)值的平動齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)為內(nèi)嚙合 齒輪機(jī)構(gòu) 因此又可以分為內(nèi)齒輪作平動運(yùn)動和外齒輪作平動運(yùn)動兩種情況 外平動齒輪 減速器構(gòu) 其內(nèi)齒輪作平動運(yùn)動 驅(qū)動外齒輪并作減速轉(zhuǎn)動輸出 該機(jī)構(gòu)亦稱三環(huán) 齒輪 減速器 由于內(nèi)齒輪作平動 兩曲柄中心設(shè)置在內(nèi)齒輪的齒圈外部 故其尺寸不緊湊 不 能解決體積較大的問題 內(nèi)平動齒輪減速 其外齒輪作平動運(yùn)動 驅(qū)動內(nèi)齒輪作減速轉(zhuǎn)動 輸出 由于外齒輪作平動 兩曲柄中心能設(shè)置在外齒輪的齒圈內(nèi)部 大大減少了機(jī)構(gòu)整體 尺寸 由于內(nèi)平動齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)傳動效率高 體積小 輸入輸出同軸線 故由廣泛的應(yīng)用前景 三 本項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)與關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 1 本項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 本新型的 內(nèi)平動齒輪減速器 與國內(nèi)外已有的齒輪減速器相比較 有如下特點(diǎn) 1 傳動比范圍大 自 I 10 起 最大可達(dá)幾千 若制作成大傳動比的減速 器 則更顯示出本減速器的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2 傳遞功率范圍大 并可與電動機(jī)聯(lián)成一體制造 3 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單 體積小 重量輕 比現(xiàn)有的齒輪減速器減少 1 3 左右 4 機(jī)械效率高 嚙合效率大于 95 整機(jī)效率在 85 以上 且減速器的效率將不隨傳動比的增大而降低 這 是別的許多減速器所不及的 5 本減速器的輸入軸和輸出軸是在同一軸線上 本減速 器與其它減速器的性能比較見表 1 因缺少數(shù)據(jù) 表中所列的各減速器的功率 重量比是最 優(yōu)越的 各類減速器比較 型號 功率 kw 減速比 質(zhì)量 kg QI 450 93 31 5 1820 ZSY 250 95 31 5 540 NGW 92 88 1 31 5 577 SEW 德國 90 28 61 1300 NP 100 100 30 400 注 NP 100 為內(nèi)平動齒輪減速器 SEW 減速器的質(zhì)量含電機(jī) 2 本項(xiàng)目的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 由圖 2 可知 內(nèi)平動齒輪減速器 是由內(nèi)齒輪 Z2 外齒輪 Z1 和平行四邊形機(jī)構(gòu)組合而成 的 它的傳動原理是 電機(jī)輸入旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動 外齒輪作平行移動 其圓心的運(yùn)動軌跡是一個 圓 與之嚙合的內(nèi)齒輪則作定軸轉(zhuǎn)動 因?yàn)橥恺X輪作平行移動 所以稱謂平動齒輪機(jī)構(gòu) 齒輪的平行移動需要有輔助機(jī)構(gòu)幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)的 可采用 6 12 副 銷軸 滾子作為虛擬輔助 平動機(jī)構(gòu) 也可以采用偏心軸作為實(shí)體輔助平動機(jī)構(gòu) 內(nèi)平動齒輪減速器的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和關(guān) 鍵工藝是組成平行四邊形構(gòu)件的尺寸計(jì)算及其要求的加工精度 輪齒主要參數(shù)的選擇 這 些因數(shù)都將