中考英語(yǔ) 第三輪 中考題型聚焦 第39講 閱讀理解課件.ppt

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第39講閱讀理解 在近3年遼寧各地市的中考試題中 閱讀理解大多數(shù)地方均為4篇 在形式上以選擇型 4選1 為主要類(lèi)型 并且大部分地區(qū)都會(huì)涉及一定量的圖畫(huà)或表格 以增強(qiáng)試題的趣味性 各地話(huà)題涉及廣泛 文體以記敘文和說(shuō)明文為主 少量涉及議論文 詞數(shù)均在200左右 記敘文的話(huà)題以故事類(lèi)為主 包括教育故事 情感故事 哲理故事等 以道德教育為目的 每年至少有2篇涉及該話(huà)題 約占閱讀理解所有考查話(huà)題的50 預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話(huà)題 廣告圖表類(lèi)閱讀理解的考查約占閱讀理解所有考查話(huà)題的25 這類(lèi)話(huà)題一方面增加了試題的趣味性 另一方面貼近生活實(shí)際 能教會(huì)學(xué)生一些英語(yǔ)在生活中的運(yùn)用 分析近三年遼寧試題可知 廣告圖表類(lèi)涉及較多的是3 4組不同的小廣告或圖表組合 也會(huì)偶爾涉及某一個(gè)海報(bào)或某一則信息 所涉及的內(nèi)容多貼近人們的社會(huì)生活 或是一些奇聞?shì)W事 預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該形式 說(shuō)明文以介紹類(lèi)為主 包括飲食健康 咨詢(xún)建議 文化風(fēng)俗 科普知識(shí) 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn) 人物介紹 廣告信息等 內(nèi)容涉及廣泛 以了解知識(shí)為目的 每年中考試題中至少有1篇涉及該話(huà)題 約占閱讀理解所有考查話(huà)題的25 預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話(huà)題 中考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力 很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種 讀得懂做不對(duì) 的感覺(jué) 那么有必要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要的分析 從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看 短文體裁多樣 題材各異 文章涉及科學(xué)知識(shí) 社會(huì)文化 政治歷史 人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面 充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性 實(shí)用性 短文難度逐年加大 常見(jiàn)考查點(diǎn)有主旨大意題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 推理判斷題 詞義猜測(cè)題 做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問(wèn)題 弄清考點(diǎn) 在閱讀短文之前 快速瀏覽問(wèn)題 以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù) 快速 準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息 其次要注意先易后難 做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書(shū)中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序 應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則 如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題 因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案 而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解 再作判斷 一 主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)文章主題思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力 在解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí) 不能僅憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)斷章取義 涉及文章的標(biāo)題 結(jié)論等有關(guān)問(wèn)題 都要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上 結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理判斷 從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息 短文往往回繞主題句展開(kāi) 主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文的第一句或最后一句 各段的主題句通常出現(xiàn)在各段的首句 主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有 What sthemainideaofthispassage Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss Thewritermeanstotellusthat Themainideaofthepassageisthat Thepassageismainlyabout Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith What sthebesttitleforthepassage Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage Thebesttitleforthepassageis 二 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意同義不同句 利用題目的關(guān)鍵詞 多為人名 地名 數(shù)字及其他專(zhuān)有名詞 尋找文中對(duì)應(yīng)詞 在對(duì)應(yīng)詞周?chē)掖鸢富蛑苯釉谖闹兴阉鞔鸢?對(duì)號(hào)入座 這類(lèi)試題是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的 細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解中占比重很大 閱讀時(shí)要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn) 首先 閱讀時(shí)利用這類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞和詞組thatistosay aboveall especially mainly等 把握文章的思路和脈絡(luò) 另外 在問(wèn)題的選項(xiàng)中表示絕對(duì)意義的詞least 最不 always 總是 never 永不 all 所有 none 一個(gè)也不 any 任何 和表示唯一性的詞匯only 只有 just 僅僅 往往是命題的陷阱 因此要多加注意 其次 必須以原文提供的事實(shí) 細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為依據(jù) 切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法與原文或作者的觀點(diǎn) 看法混為一談 最后 文章中的數(shù)字 日期 時(shí)間都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn) 此類(lèi)題目很少是文章中直接列出的數(shù)字或日期 通常需要做簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算 細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有 Whichofthefollowingistrue false mentioned Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue falseexcept Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof 例1 2016 鐵嶺 Itwasasummerday alittleleafwascryingsadly What swrong littleleaf thetreeasked It sthewind saidthelittleleaf hejusttoldmethathewouldthrowmeonthegroundtodieoneday Don tbeafraid baby thetreesaid justholdonme andyouwon tleavemeuntilyouareready Sothelittleleafstoppedcrying andwentonsinginganddancing Shegrewhappilyallthesummer Whenautumncame thelittleleafsawalltheleavesaroundhergrowingverybeautiful Somewereyellow somewerebrown andothersturnedintodifferentcolors Thenthelittleleafaskedthetreewhatthismeant Thetreesaid Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives Afterhearingthewords thelittleleafbegantopreparetoleavelikeothers However shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors Sothelittleleafasked Oh bigtree Whyareyougreywhileweareallbeautiful It sthecolorofourworkingclothes saidthetreekindly Wemustweartheclothesbecausewehaven tfinishedourwork butyourclothesareforholidaysbecauseyourtaskisnowover Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip 文章大意 本文是一篇哲理故事 文章通過(guò)葉子和大樹(shù)之間的對(duì)話(huà) 旨在告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的意義 1 Thelittleleafwastold wouldthrowheronthegroundtodie A thewindB thetreeC theotherleavesD thesky 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從第二段首句可知 葉子告訴大樹(shù) 風(fēng)會(huì)把它刮到地上 直至死亡 答案 A 2 Alltheleaves whentheyweregettingreadytoflyaway A turnedgreyB putoncolorfulclothesC criedsadlyD sanganddancedhappily 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從第四段 Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives 可知葉子們?cè)谝w走的時(shí)候 都穿上了五顏六色的衣服 答案 B 3 Whenthelittleleafwasgettingreadytoleave shefound A thetreebecamemorebeautifulB theotherleaveswerecryingC sheherselfturnedyellowD thetreehadnobrightcolors 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從第六段 However shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors 可知 在葉子準(zhǔn)備飛走的時(shí)候 她發(fā)現(xiàn)大樹(shù)沒(méi)有鮮艷的顏色 答案 D 4 Attheendofthestory wecanknowthelittleleaf A wassadtoleaveB washappytoflyawayC grewmorebeautifulD stillgrewonthetree 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從最后一段 Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip 可知 葉子高興地在天空中飛翔 并且期待著她的新旅行 答案 B 5 Thepassageismainlyabout A asummerdayB acruelwindC alittleleafD abigtree 解析 主旨大意題 文章通過(guò)對(duì)葉子前后變化告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的偉大之處 答案 C Atmyprimaryschool Iwasoneofthesmartestkidsthere Ineverstudied butalwaysgotperfectscores IthoughtIwasbornclever AtleastIbelievedso Iwasalsoa prodigyinmusicaccordingtomyself Icouldsingbetterthanalmosteveryoneelseinmyschool IwasprettysurethatonceIgottosixthgrade everyonewouldbesurprisedbyme Butactually theyweren t WhenIarrivedatmynewclass Icouldn twaittoshoweveryonewhatIcoulddo However therewasalwayssomeoneelsewhocoulddothembetter Mygradesbegantosuffer Moretalented 有天資的 girlsoftensangsolo 獨(dú)唱 IbelievedIwasn tsmart IbelievedIwasn ttalented IbelievedIwasafailure Overthenexttwoyears Ihadtoworkveryhard Everyprizeforthesingingcompetitionwasgiventomeforhardworkandeffort Gradeswerestillverylowbutimprovinglittlebylittle Iworkedreallyhard However Iwasneverthebestateverything Ihaven trealizeduntilrecentlythatIreallydon thavetobethebestateverything Iwastoohardonmyself Infact whenIdidbadlyinatest myclassmatesneverlaughedatme Nooneisperfect Therewillprobablyalwaysbesomeonebetterthanmeatsomething Anyway thereareaboutsevenbillionpeopleinthisworld Iwillneverbethenumberoneateverything andthat sreallyokay 1 Whatdoes aprodigy probablymeaninEnglish A Asmartkid B Acrazyfan C Acommonchild D Alazygirl 2 Whenthewriterwasatthenewclass A shelostherinterestinmusicB shehaddifficultyinlearningC shesurprisedeveryoneinsolosD shegotseparatedfromfriends 3 Whathappenedtothewriterduringthenexttwoyears A Shewonmanyprizeswithoutanyeffort B Shefoundthebestwaytobecomeperfect C Shegaveuptryingbecauseofthelowscores D Shefailedtobeperfectthoughsheworkedhard 4 Whathasthewriterrealizedrecently A Thereisnosuccesswithouteffort B Beingtalentedisthekeytosuccess C Don texpecttoomuchofyourself D It snotnecessarytocareabouttheresult 5 Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage A WhenIwasn tperfectB MypastlifeasayounggirlC Hardworkdoesn tworkD Whattodowhenyou renotperfect1 5 ABDCD 三 推理判斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論的題型 主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力 這類(lèi)推斷通常包括 數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷 常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的 態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷 做此類(lèi)題時(shí) 應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句 對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析 找出線(xiàn)索 悟出字里行間的意思 反復(fù)比較 從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷 推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有 Itcanbeinferred concluded seenfromthepassagethat Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage Thewritersuggeststhat Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat What sthewriter sattitudetoward What sthewriter spurposeofwritingthepassage Fromthepassage weknow Thewriterprobablyagreesthat 四 詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力 一般情況下 推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞 大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞 學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線(xiàn)索 通過(guò)閱讀上下文 斷定該詞的真正含義 然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中 檢查是否貼切 仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義 詞義猜測(cè)題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有 What sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword phrase inChinese Theunderlinedword refersto probablymeans Theunderlinedword couldbereplacedby Whatisthemeaningof Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword 例2 2016 營(yíng)口 Headteacher teachers grandparents parentsandclassmates I mveryproudthatIhavebeenchosentospeaktoyoualltoday I mabitnervousasI venevermadeaspeechbeforetosomanypeople butI lltrymybest Asweallknow thisistheschoolleavers party andit stimetosaygoodbyetoeveryone We resorrytoleaveyouattheendofourjuniorhighschooleducation andwepromisethatwe llneverforgetthehappytimeswehavespentinthesebuildingswithyouall I dliketothankthreegroupsofpeopleforthethreethingsI velearntwhileI vebeenapupilatourschool Thethreethingsarefriendship loveandknowledge Thefirstgroupismyfriends andwhatI velearntistheimportanceoffriendship We veworkedhardtogether we veevensharedsomedifficulttimestogether butwe vealsohadalotoffun Manyofuswillgotonewschoolsandwemaynotseeeachothersoofteninthefuture Otherswillgoontoseniorhighschoolandcontinuetheirclosefriendship Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften Alifewithoutoldfriendsislikeadaywithoutsunshine We llalwaysstayintouch Thesecondgroupisourparentsandgrandparents Wethankyoufortheloveyouhaveshownusduringouryearsatjuniorhighschool formakingahomewherewefeelbothsafeandrelaxed andwherewecanprepareourselvesforourschooldays Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework Andfinally thethirdgroupisourteachers Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness yourpatience andthegiftofknowledgewhichyouhaveofferedus sometimesyou vemadeusworkveryhard Butyouhavealwaysbeenfairandyou llalwaysbeourrolemodels There sasayingfromlrelandwhichisafavoriteofmine Strangersareonlyfriendsyouhaven tmetyet Icouldn tsayitbettermyself Sofromthebottomofmyheart Ithankyouallandwishyousuccessinthefuture 文章大意 本文是一篇演講稿 作者主要介紹了自己在校期間的三樣收獲 友誼 愛(ài)和知識(shí) 流露出作者對(duì)學(xué)校生活的不舍之情 1 madethespeech A AteacherB AstudentC AparentD Amanager 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從文章首句可推知 本文是一個(gè)學(xué)生的演講稿 答案 B 2 Thespeakersaysthankstomanypeopleexcept A parentsB friendsC teachersD astronauts 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從文章四五六段首句可推知 作者在這篇演講稿里分別表達(dá)了對(duì)朋友 父母和祖父母及老師的感恩之情 答案 D 3 Theunderlinedword treasure means inChineseaccordingtothepassage A 財(cái)富B 珍藏C 珍惜D 寶藏 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題 根據(jù)文章第四段第五 六句 Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften 可知朋友并不用一直待在一起 有時(shí)候你最珍惜的朋友 反而 是你見(jiàn)的次數(shù)較少的 答案 C 4 Wheredoyouthinkthisspeechismade A Inaschool B Inahospital C Inafactory D Athome 解析 推理判斷題 這篇文章是一位學(xué)生寫(xiě)的 因此最有可能是在學(xué)校完成的 答案 A 5 Whatcanweknowaccordingtothespeech A Iffriendsdon tseeeachotherallthetime theywillbestrangers B Parentscan thelpuswithourhomework C Wecanpayteachersbackoneday D Studentscanlearnfriendship loveandknowledgeatschool 解析 推理判斷題 根據(jù)文章第四段第五 六句 Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften 可知A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤 根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句 Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework 可知B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤 根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句 Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness 可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤 根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句 Thethreethingsarefriendship loveandknowledge 可知D項(xiàng)表述正確 答案 D 2016 朝陽(yáng) EverytimewhenIfeltupsetorsick IlikedtogotoaspecialplacewhereIcouldrelaxmyself Itistheclub Ijoinedtheclub3yearsago Mysisterrecommendedthisplacetome TheytoldmethatIcouldfindlotsoffunthere It snearmyhouseandourhospital Iusuallystayedtherefor2or3hoursandwenthome IlovedtheclubbecauseIfeltcomfortablethere Theclubonlyallowedwomentobemembers Ididn tworryaboutmyprivacy Theclubwasthebiggestwomen sclubinmycountrywheretherewasalotofspacetodothedifferentactivities Youcouldseeabeautifulwarmwaterpool Youcouldfindmanybigroomsbehindthepool Therewasacoldroom anexerciseroom anMTVcenter amassagecenter andtworestaurants Everyoneknewworkinginthehospitalhadmanystresses Ineededtofindawaytorelaxmyself It sthebestchoiceforme Ioftentookashowerfirstandthenswamfor20minutestorelaxmyself WhenIfinishedtheexercise Ilikedtowatchavideoandtakeashortsleep Althoughitcostsalotofmoneytobeaclubmember IhopeIcanjointheclubagainafterIcomebacktomycountry 1 Theunderlinedwordmeans inChinese A 購(gòu)買(mǎi)B 推薦C 宣傳D 說(shuō)明2 Thewriterwantedto whenshewenttotheclub A makefriendsB learnsingingC relaxherselfD beavolunteer 3 What sthecorrectordertothewriter sactivities watchavideo takeashower takeashortsleep swiminthewarmpoolA B C D 4 Whatcan tyoudointheclub A Doexercise B Getamessageservice C Buyclothes D Swiminthepool 5 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A Youcaneatmealsintheclubifyouarehungry B Thewriterusuallystayedintheclubforawholeday C Thewriterworkedinahospital D Ifyouareaman youcan tjointheclub 1 5 BCDCB