2019高考英語一輪基礎梳理與練習 Unit 4 Making the news（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 4　Making the news 【短文語法填空】 Helping a person forget something is rarely easy, especially if the “something” is hurtful or negative. Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 1. (hope) with time going by, the person won’t be able to remember 2. he is supposed to forget. Remove all the items that may bring back the memory. Any small objects can jog his memory, so carefully replace any photos, diaries or any other 3. (person) objects or presents with new items. Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up. Don’t do this in 4. obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 5. (intend). Tell some 6. (amuse) stories or talk about important and happy events in your friend’s life such as a new nephew or a work promotion. Occupy him with 7. (activity) and appointments. Keeping him too busy 8. (think) about the past helps him see a positive light. Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences, such as a cooking class, which require concentration. Be patient and allow time to get over things. It will be often a long time 9. your friend fully removes that memory, so don’t be 10. (disappoint) if it doesn’t happen immediately. 【解題導語】　本文主要講述了幫助他人忘掉不快樂的記憶的四條建議。 1．hopefully　解析：考查副詞。空處修飾后面的整個句子，故用副詞形式。 2．what　解析：考查賓語從句。分析該句結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中作動詞forget的賓語，故用what引導該賓語從句，表示隨著時間流逝，這個人就不會記得他應當忘記的事情了。 3．personal　解析：考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞objects，故用形容詞形式。句意：任何小物件都能喚起記憶，所以小心地用新物品替換任何照片、日記或其他個人的物品或禮物。 4．an　解析：考查冠詞。不要以一種明顯的方式做這件事，因為這很煩人。該處表示“一種明顯的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠詞；obvious的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。 5．intention　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞your可知，該處用名詞形式。句意：不要以明顯的方式來做這件事情，因為這很煩人，但要在他(朋友)沒有意識到你的意圖的情況下做這件事情。 6．amusing　解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)空后的名詞stories可知，空處修飾該名詞，故用形容詞形式amusing。句意：講一些有趣的故事，或者談談你朋友的生活中重要和快樂的事情，比如剛出生的侄子或者工作晉升。 7．activities　解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的“and appointments”可知，空處與此并列，應用名詞的復數(shù)形式。句意：使他忙于活動和約會。 8．to think　解析：考查固定搭配。too...to...為固定搭配，意為“太……而不能……”。句意：讓他忙得無法想起往事，這有助于讓他看到積極之光。 9．before　解析：考查連詞。句意：通常很長的一段時間之后，你的朋友才會完全忘掉這段記憶，所以如果他沒有馬上忘掉這段記憶，你不要失望。It will be＋一段時間＋before...表示“多久之后才……”，故用連詞before。 10．disappointed　解析：考查形容詞。空處所在句為祈使句，系動詞be后接形容詞，且修飾人，故用disappointed。 (對應學生用書P123) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①__eager__ adj.渴望的；熱切的 ②__acquire__ vt.獲得；取得 ③__inform__ vt.通知；告知 ④__demand__ vt.& n．需求；要求 ⑤__approve__ vt.贊成；認可；批準 2．常考詞匯 ①edit vt.__編輯__ editor n．__編輯__ edition n．__版(本)__ ②process vt.& n．__加工，處理；過程，步驟__ ③admire vt.__欽佩，羨慕__ admirable adj.__值得贊揚的；令人欽佩的__ ④assist vt.__幫助，協(xié)助__ assistant n．__助手__ ⑤profession n．__職業(yè)__ professional adj.& n．__專業(yè)的，專業(yè)人員__ professor n．__教授__ ⑥concentrate vi.& vt.__集中，聚集__ concentration n．__集中__ ⑦assess vt.__評估；評定__ assessment n．__評價，評估__ 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．They now need to take into account the extent of firms’data assets(資產) when __assessing__ (assess) the impact of deals.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．Therefore, this exhibition is a golden chance __to acquire__ (acquire) a good knowledge of varieties of papercuttings.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 3．She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order __to concentrate__ (concentrate) on her studies.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 4．Your art skills are excellent and __admirable__ (admire)，which leaves me a deep impression.(2016天津卷) 5．In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain __unusual__ (usual) groups of indigenous(土著的)people.(2016四川卷) 6．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching __assistant__ (assist) in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 7．But now that __information__ (inform) is being spread and monitored(監(jiān)控)in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 8．The camps have excellent horses，__professional__ (profession)guides and lots of support workers.(2015重慶卷) ?“獲得，得到”家族 ①acquire vt.獲得，得到 ②achieve vt.取得，獲得 ③obtain vt.獲得，得到 ④gain vt.& vi.獲得，贏得 ⑤win vt.獲得，贏得 ⑥get vt.得到，收到 ?后綴able必備形容詞集錦 ①admirable 令人欽佩的，值得敬仰的 ②fortable 舒適的，感到安慰的 ③considerable 值得考慮的 ④honorable 榮譽的，光榮的 ⑤reasonable 合情合理的 ⑥respectable 可敬的 ⑦valuable 值錢的，貴重的 ⑧unthinkable 不可思議的 ⑨unbelievable 難以置信的 ⑩miserable 悲慘的，可憐的 ?“安排；歸類”一覽 ①arrange vt.安排；準備；籌劃 ②organize vt.組織；安排；規(guī)劃 ③classify vt.分類；歸類 ④sort vt.把……分類；將……排序 ?后綴en構成的動詞集錦 ①sharp→sharpen　　 磨快；使敏捷 ②ripe→ripen 變成熟 ③short→shorten 變短；縮短 ④wide→widen (使)變寬 ⑤deep→deepen 使變深 ⑥strong→strengthen 加強 ⑦fright→frighten (使)驚嚇 ⑧dark→darken 使變暗 【完形填空】 When I was just out of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(證券)Exchange. Though it was a proud __1__，the job was simply too physically __2__—I must stand in a crowd every day，which often __3__ me in a mindset(思維模式)that held me back. Manhattan is a walking town and its difficult to __4__ when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway __5__ dozens of steep steps to get below the __6__.This left me only one __7__—the bus. One night，after the __8__ for my job，I was aching with selfpity __9__ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more and more __10__ without an umbrella，thinking Id never __11__ it in this city and telling myself，“this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”． And then，I __12__ the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand __13__ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.They were all wet but they saw the __14__ as an opportunity and romance. I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I __15__ have missed this beauty __16__ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although __17__，was an important moment on my journey to discover the __18__ of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset，__19__ for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that __20__ my daily actions，I will be on the road to a healthier，happier life. 1．A.adjustment B．achievement C．agreement D．treatment 2．A.tiring B．boring C．relaxing D．disappointing 3．A.reminded B．expected C．took D．left 4．A.go up B．get around C．set off D．show up 5．A.requests B．supports C．requires D．surrounds 6．A.ground B．street C．town D．city 7．A.change B．chance C．idea D．choice 8．A.struggle B．work C．experience D．influence 9．A.before B．while C．when D．after 10．A.nervous B．curious C．scared D．upset 11．A.get B．make C．put D．watch 12．A.recalled B．observed C．witnessed D．realized 13．A.on B．by C．to D．in 14．A.rain B．tree C．wind D．cloud 15．A.shall B．would C．need D．must 16．A.exactly B．instantly C．entirely D．suddenly 17．A.strange B．small C．normal D．different 18．A.humor B．honesty C．power D．principle 19．A.still B．yet C．also D．even 20．A.affect B．follow C．forbid D．harm 【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮喪。當看到一對夫婦在雨中溜冰的畫面，作者感覺到改變自己的思維模式會使自己走上一條更健康、更快樂的生活之路。文章告訴我們改變思維模式的重要性。 【核心詞匯】go up上升　get around四處走動 set off出發(fā)　show up出現(xiàn)，到場 1．B　根據(jù)第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者畢業(yè)后找到了自己理想的工作，這份工作應是作者引以為傲的成就，故選B項，achievement意為“成就”。adjustment“調節(jié)”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治療，對待”。 2．A　根據(jù)本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，這份工作是勞累的，故選A項，tiring意為“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。 3．D　根據(jù)語境可知“我每天都必須站在人群中，這常常讓我有想退縮的思維模式”?！發(fā)eave＋sh.＋賓補”表示“讓某人……”，故選D項。remind“提醒”；expect“預期”。 4．B　根據(jù)上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈頓是一個步行商業(yè)區(qū)，所以你有殘疾的話是很難四處走動(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出發(fā)”；show up“出現(xiàn)，到場”。 5．C　根據(jù)語境可知，出租車很貴，乘坐地鐵需要(requires)走下幾十個陡峭的臺階才能到達地下。request“請求”；support“支持”；surround“圍繞”。 6．A　根據(jù)本句中的“the subway”以及常識可知，人們在地面(ground)下乘坐地鐵，故選A項。 7．D　句意：這讓我只有一種選擇——公共汽車。根據(jù)上文提到的交通方式都不適合作者可知，此處表示作者唯一的選擇(choice)。 8．A　句意：一天晚上，在為我的工作苦苦奮斗后，我一直自怨自艾，當我走向公共汽車站的時候又下起了雨。根據(jù)語境可推知，此處是指在為工作奮斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“經(jīng)歷”；influence“影響”。 9．C　參見上題解析。when在此處表示“當……的時候”，符合語境。 10．D　根據(jù)上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者沒有帶傘，所以作者心情越來越沮喪(upset)。 11．B　根據(jù)上文可知，沒有雨傘，作者變得越來越沮喪，心想自己在這個城市里不會取得成功了。make it是固定短語，表示“達成目標，獲得成功，做成某事”。 12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美麗、最短暫的時刻。根據(jù)下文介紹的一對夫婦在雨中溜冰的畫面可知，這是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“觀察”；witness“目睹”；realize“認識到”。 13．D　句意：一對夫婦穿著溜冰鞋，手拉著手，他們溜冰的時候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故選D項。 14．A　根據(jù)上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，雖然他們身上都被淋濕了，但他們把雨(rain)當成是一個機會和一種浪漫。 15．B　句意：我突然對在雨中等待感到感激，因為如果我在出租車或地鐵上，我會完全錯過這美景。根據(jù)句子結構可知，此處是由if引導的對過去的虛擬句，結構為“if＋主語＋had＋過去分詞，主語＋should/would /could＋have＋過去分詞”，所以選B項。 16．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者覺得如果乘坐其他交通工具就會完全錯過這一幕，故選C項。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，馬上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。 17．B　雖然這是生活中的一件小事，但卻是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一個重要時刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故選B項。 18．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者看到的這一幕給了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“誠實，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原則”。 19．D　句意：當我改變我的思維模式去做可能的事情，并努力擺脫那些影響我日常行為的自我限制的信念時，即使是片刻，我都將會走上一條更健康、更快樂的生活之路。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“還，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。 20．A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“影響(affect)我日常行為的自我限制的信念”。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①concentrate __on__ 集中；全神貫注于 ②depend __on__ 依靠；依賴 ③accuse...__of__ 因……指責或控告…… ④inform...__of__ 通知；告知 2．其他形式 ①ahead __of__ 在……前面；提前 ②__in__ the meanwhile 同時 ③make __an__ appointment 約會，預約 ④__so__ as to(do sth)為了(做)…… ⑤be supposed __to__應該…… 用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空 1．Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (決定不參加) of what __are supposed__ (suppose) to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.(2017北京卷) 2．Damaged but not defeated，he was still __ahead of__ me.I was right to have admired him.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 3．The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物種)that __depend on__ the trees’ flowers and fruits.(2015陜西) 4．The boy made trouble for his teacher because he __was accused of__ destroying property.(2014湖北卷) 5．I was sleepy badly and found it hard __to concentrate on__ my work. 6．Please keep me fully __informed of__ any development. ?“動詞＋on”必備短語一覽 ①work on 從事 ②get on 取得進展，相處 ③look on 旁觀，觀看 ④call on 拜訪，號召 ⑤fix on 把……集中于…… ⑥switch/turn on 打開 ⑦rely/depend on 依靠 ⑧take on 呈現(xiàn)，承擔 ⑨hold on 不掛斷，堅持 ⑩try on 試穿 ?ahead構成的必備短語小結 ①get ahead 成功；出人頭地 ②ahead of time/schedule 事先；提前 ③go ahead (口語)鼓勵某人做某事，去做吧 ?“v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”結構大集合 ①inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 ②warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 ③cure sb.of sth.治好某人某病 ④remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 ⑤suspect sb.of sth.懷疑某人某事 ⑥rob sb.of sth.搶劫某人某物 ⑦convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 ⑧accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事 ⑨rid sb.of sth. 使某人擺脫某物 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通 背原句 學句型 練仿寫 1.Never will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周陽永遠不會忘記他在一家暢銷英語報社的第一項工作任務。 否定詞置于句首，句子用部分倒裝。 那個男孩對記者說：“我一刻都沒有懷疑過我父親會來救我?！? “Never for a second，”the boy says to the reporter，“__did I doubt__ that my father would e to my rescue.” 2.His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX)，was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 他與他的新老板胡新的討論對他的記者生涯必將產生重要影響。 be to do表示將來發(fā)生的事，常譯為“注定會……；一定……”。 因為你既聰明又勤奮，你當記者的夢想一定會實現(xiàn)的。 Your dream of being a journalist __is to e true__ because you are wise and hardworking. 3.Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你們有沒有過這樣的情況：別人控告你的記者，說他(她)們的報道完全失實？ where引導定語從句，修飾抽象地點名詞。 今天，我們將討論一下許多英語的初學者不能正確使用語言的情況。 Today，we’ll discuss __a number of cases where__ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 【七選五】 Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons： Above all，most of jobs dont require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a masters degree and an inexperienced person with a doctors degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience. 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctors degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to bee a member of a puter pany just like Bill Gates. 4 5 Maybe you shouldnt have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesnt mean nothing.Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society. All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree. A．However，a degree is still required for most people. B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention. C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier. D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts. E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation. F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience bee successful. G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isnt so necessary as working experience. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。論述了工作經(jīng)驗是工作成功的最重要的因素這一論點。 1．E　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處承上啟下，根據(jù)該段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空處提出自己的觀點并引出下文，故E項與此處匹配。] 2．B　[根據(jù)本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience.”并結合空后所列舉的例子可知，該例旨在證明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗在應聘時更受歡迎，故B項與此處匹配。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；根據(jù)本段列舉的比爾蓋茨放棄學業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)成功和喬布斯在十九歲時輟學這兩個例子可以判斷，本段旨在說明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗能促使人早日成功，故C項正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)該空所在的位置可知，該空總結本段大意；由空前列舉的比爾蓋茨和喬布斯這兩個例子可以判斷，高學歷不如工作經(jīng)驗重要，故G項正確。] 5．A　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society.”可知，在這個競爭激烈的社會中，學歷仍然是有必要的。據(jù)此可以判斷，本段主要陳述學歷對于大部分人來說還是需要的，故A項正確。]