2019年高考英語 考點(diǎn)一遍過 考點(diǎn)07 動詞和動詞短語（含解析）.doc

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考點(diǎn)07 動詞和動詞短語高考頻度： 英語動詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用，可分為實(shí)義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四大類。實(shí)義動詞又稱行為動詞，為表示動作或狀態(tài)的動詞，可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語，實(shí)義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。英語中的動詞短語通常由動詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成，在句中起動詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語詞意的辨析及其理解和運(yùn)用能力。考向一常用動詞辨析 1.advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物動詞，表示勸告，忠告，建議，強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒或引起注意；persuade表示說服，強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事（相當(dāng)于persuade sb. into doing sth.）；如表示勸說但不一定成功，則使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物動詞，意為建議，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或從句，從句中的謂語用should動詞原形，should可以省略。 2bring，take，carry，fetch bring帶來，拿來，取來，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說話人所在地。take拿走，帶走，強(qiáng)調(diào)把人或物從說話者身邊帶走，方向與bring相反。 fetch去拿來，去取來，強(qiáng)調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相當(dāng)于go and bring。 carry攜帶，搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)送，強(qiáng)調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運(yùn)到另一地。 3win，beat，defeat win表示贏得，戰(zhàn)勝時，賓語多是比賽項(xiàng)目等。win sb.則指贏得人心。 beat/defeat意為打敗，擊敗，其賓語只能是人或由人組成的機(jī)構(gòu)。如：beat sb.打敗某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy擊敗了他們的隊(duì)/國家/敵人。 beat多用于表示在比賽或爭論中戰(zhàn)勝對手；defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗對手。 4believe，believe in believe表示相信，認(rèn)為，側(cè)重于相信某人說的話或所做事情的真實(shí)性，其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語從句。 believe in表示相信，信任，信仰，信奉，其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。 You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你應(yīng)該相信自己，并且相信某天你將會成功的。 5book，order 二者都有訂購，預(yù)訂之意，但book指訂各種票，座位；而order指餐館訂飯、菜，定做衣服，訂貨等，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：place an order for sth. with sb.向某人訂購某物。對比：book a ticket/two seats/a double room訂一張票/兩個座位/一個雙人間；order four dishes/ lunch要四個菜/訂好午飯。 He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他訂了一張四人桌，并且要了六個菜。6choose，select，elect choose表示選擇，挑選，有時也表示推選，選舉，但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇，沒有elect正式。 select表示（精心地）挑選，選定，具有精選之意。 elect表示選舉，指較大范圍的正式的選舉。 7disturb，interrupt disturb是及物動詞，有打擾，擾亂，使人心神不安之意。常用短語：disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace打擾睡覺的孩子/打亂計(jì)劃/擾亂社會治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響；be disturbed about對感到不安。 interrupt有打斷，打擾之意，側(cè)重打斷。常用短語：interrupt the supplies中斷供應(yīng)interrupt ones speech打斷演講 8hurt，injure，wound，harm hurt是一般用語，指精神或肉體上受到的傷害，有較強(qiáng)烈的疼痛意味； injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故對身體或精神上的損害，損傷；wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭中受的刀、槍、劍等傷；harm指對人的肉體或精神帶來傷害，特指傷及一個人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等，使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。 9miss，losemiss意為未能趕上（抓住），錯過，失去，漏掉。而lose意為丟失，迷失方向，迷路。10fit，be fit for，be fit to，suit fit用作及物或不及物動詞，表示（衣服等）合適，使合身；be fit for是形容詞短語，表示適合的，能勝任的，for后接名詞或動名詞；befit to表示適合，能勝任，to是動詞不定式符號，后接動詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的適合，而fit指尺寸、大小的合適。 11save，spare save意為儲蓄，節(jié)省，指把錢、時間及其他東西儲蓄起來以備將來用，或指節(jié)省東西，避免浪費(fèi)，也指救命。而spare意為省，指細(xì)心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時間、力氣等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12seat，sit seat是及物動詞，意思是使坐下，可以接人作賓語，還可以用于被動語態(tài)。常見搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seatedsit down坐好。而sit是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語。 （2018新課標(biāo)I卷完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. turned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay考向二考查同根介詞或副詞動詞短語的辨析 使用頻率較高的這類動詞有：call，cut，e，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常見的介詞或副詞有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。 1.動詞away構(gòu)成的短語動詞有： throw away扔掉put away把收拾好give away捐贈，分發(fā)carry away運(yùn)走run away潛逃，跑開go away 走開 2動詞for構(gòu)成的短語動詞有： answer for負(fù)責(zé)provide for供給 all for要求plan for打算，為計(jì)劃hope for希望，期待ask for索取，尋找send for派人去請go for努力獲取pay for償還，賠償3動詞on構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：try on試穿，試驗(yàn)put on穿上，上演have on穿著，戴著pull on穿，戴hold on不掛斷，堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持keep on繼續(xù)go on繼續(xù)get on上（車） 4動詞over構(gòu)成的短語動詞有： e over過來hand over移交go over仔細(xì)檢查，復(fù)習(xí)get over克服，恢復(fù)look over檢查think over仔細(xì)考慮take over接受，接管hand over移交turn over翻轉(zhuǎn) 5動詞up構(gòu)成的短語動詞有： bring up撫育，培養(yǎng)call up召喚，打電話給e up走上前來，長出cut up切碎fix up修理give up放棄；go up上升，增長grow up 長大look up尊敬，向上看，查尋make up虛構(gòu)，彌補(bǔ)，組成put up舉起，搭建set up建立，創(chuàng)（紀(jì)錄）pick up撿起，（開車）接某人，偶然得到send up發(fā)射show up揭露，露面turn up出現(xiàn)，把調(diào)高一點(diǎn)1. （2018江蘇卷完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been_36_ to pay lawyers fees.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up【答案】B2. （2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A3.（2017江蘇卷完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.A. rising up B. ing up C. driving up D. turning up【答案】D【解析】考查動詞短語。根據(jù) 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else可知，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的同學(xué)需要比不學(xué)音樂的早到學(xué)校幾個小時，為了練習(xí)彈奏樂器。turn up在出現(xiàn)，符合語境。6動詞out構(gòu)成的短語動詞有： e out出來go out出去，熄滅look out留神，當(dāng)心walk out走出set out出發(fā)，開始put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)give out發(fā)出，發(fā)表hand out分發(fā)pick out挑選find out找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)speak out大聲地說turn out生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是get out出去，離開carry out實(shí)行，執(zhí)行work out計(jì)算出，解決，實(shí)行，行得通bring out出版start out出發(fā)，動身。 （2017江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B 【解析】考查短語辨析。hold out堅(jiān)持；提供機(jī)會；伸出手； B. bring out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，出版；C. pick out使容易看見，找出精心挑選，認(rèn)出來；D. give out用完，停止運(yùn)行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊(duì)一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了最好的一面。這里取使顯現(xiàn)之意，故選B。考向三常見同根動詞短語辨析 1.bring bring in引進(jìn)，掙得bring about引起，導(dǎo)致bring up養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bring out使展現(xiàn)，推出（書等）bring down降低，使倒下bring back把帶回來，使憶起bring forth結(jié)果，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生bring forward提出，提前bring off圓滿完成（困難之事） 2break break down崩潰，瓦解，垮掉，失敗，分解break up打碎，分解，分開，結(jié)束，制止break through逾越，突破，沖破break away（from）掙脫，脫離break out爆發(fā)break in破門而入break into進(jìn)入建筑物以便行竊，突然發(fā)出，打擾 break off折斷，中斷 3ee about發(fā)生e out結(jié)果出來，出版，開花 e across偶遇，被理解e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)e up走上前，被提出，走近e along一起來e up with產(chǎn)生，發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法等） 4give give up放棄give in屈服，呈交give out用盡，耗盡，分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)表give off發(fā)出 give away頒發(fā)，贈送，送掉，捐贈5go go against違背，與不符，對不利go without勉強(qiáng)維持，湊合go in for愛好，參加，從事go by過去，依據(jù)，按照go on繼續(xù)，發(fā)生go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)審查，走近go ahead 進(jìn)行g(shù)o through從頭到尾地閱讀，經(jīng)歷go away走開，外出度假，消失go for去取來或接來，爭取得到 6keepkeep away（from）使遠(yuǎn)離keep back扣除，保留，隱瞞不講keep off避開keep on繼續(xù)keep out擋在外邊，請勿靠近keep up保持，不低落，持續(xù)，繼續(xù)keep up with跟上keep down抑制（以防其增長） 7looklook ahead向前看look about環(huán)顧look back回憶，回顧look out當(dāng)心，找出look up向上看，查閱，看望look down upon看不起look through翻閱look into調(diào)查，向內(nèi)看 look after照看，負(fù)責(zé)處理look on旁觀look forward to盼望look round尋找，邊走邊看，觀光8putput back放回原處，撥回，阻礙，推遲put down平定，鎮(zhèn)壓，記下put away將事物放置于慣常保存之處，儲蓄put forward提出（計(jì)劃、建議），撥快，提前put off延期put on穿戴，上映put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)put up舉起，張貼9take take in吸收take for誤認(rèn)為take out拿出take down放下take up從事，拿起，占據(jù)take off飛機(jī)起飛，脫下，休假，成功take by攻占take after像take along隨身攜帶take away帶走，拿走，使離去take back收回，退回（所購商品）take charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管take on呈現(xiàn)，雇傭take out拿出，帶出去take over接管，接任 1.（2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_ a clear road map and timetable.A. callsfor B. callsonC. callsoff D. callsup【答案】A【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：發(fā)展長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一項(xiàng)需要清晰的路線圖和時間表的系統(tǒng)工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on號召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故選A。2.The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will _the business?A. take inB. take upC. take onD. take over【答案】D10turn turn back折回，掉轉(zhuǎn)頭turn away轉(zhuǎn)身，走開，打發(fā)走turn out結(jié)果是，趕出，生產(chǎn)，制造turn down拒絕，調(diào)小turn off關(guān)掉turn over翻過來，移交turn in上交（作業(yè)等），拐入 turn into變成，翻譯 turn on打開，取決于turn to求助于，翻到turn up調(diào)大，出現(xiàn) Tom had to_ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn inB. turn downC. turn over D. turn to【答案】B【解析】句意：上個周湯姆不得不拒絕宴會的邀請，因?yàn)樗α恕urn in 上交； turn down拒絕； turn over 移交； turn to求助。根據(jù)句意可知選B。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I.單項(xiàng)填空1.A sign of a liar is that his eyes are always _, thats to say, he doesnt dare to look into your eyes.A. disagreeingB. wonderingC. reflectingD. wandering2.The government will set up a group to_ways to improve the peoples living standard.A. run intoB. get intoC. look intoD. break into3.The visiting president answered journalists questions, saying the two countries should seek mon ground and _differences on many problems.A. examineB. exploreC. assumeD. reserve4.You might_deer or horses as you walk through the farmland, where many animals live.A. e upB. e throughC. e acrossD. e over5.We all_Wang Yaping as an example of a woman who managed to fulfil her dream.A. look forward toB. look backC. look up toD. look over6.They kept trying, and their efforts finally _.A. make itB. paid offC. are made itD. are paid off7.In Britain today, women_44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. take upB. make upC. pick upD. give up8.Its a good idea. But whos going to _the plan?I think Tom and Mike will.A. carry outB. get throughC. take inD. set aside9.As a student, I want to use my creativity to_ possible solutions to the problems I meet with.A. explain B. expressC. ignoreD. explore10.The policy of reducing the price of bus services provides you with a cheap way to _.A. get throughB. get acrossC. get overD. get around題組二 體驗(yàn)真題1. （2017天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in2. （2017天津卷完形填空）I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before.A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside3. （2017新課標(biāo)1卷完形填空）After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day.52. A. exerciseB. exploreC. expressD. explain53. A. printB. write C. signD. count4.（2016江蘇）He did not _ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. promiseD. municate5.（2016江蘇）Many businesses started up by college students have_ thanks to the fortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off6.（2016江蘇）Parents should actively urge their children to_ the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to7.（2016天津）Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on8.（2016天津）Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give9.（2016天津）I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her. A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off10.（2016浙江）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項(xiàng)填空2.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：政府將成立一個組去研究提高人民生活水平的方法。run into偶然遇見；get into進(jìn)入；look into調(diào)查，研究；break into闖入。3.D 【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：來訪的總統(tǒng)在答記者問時說，在許多問題上，兩國應(yīng)當(dāng)求同存異。examine檢查；explore探索：assume假設(shè)；reserve保留。4.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在穿過農(nóng)場時，你可能會碰到鹿或馬，那兒有很多動物。e up出現(xiàn)，到來；e through安然度過；e across(偶然)碰見；e over來訪，拜訪。5.C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：王亞平作為一個婦女的典范受到我們所有人的尊敬，她努力實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。look up to sb.表示尊敬某人。6.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們一直努力，而且他們的努力終于奏效了。make it成功，到達(dá)，無被動形式，排除C項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)時態(tài)錯誤；pay off意為(計(jì)劃等)奏效時，也沒有被動形式。故選B項(xiàng)。7.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如今的英國勞動力中，女性占了44%，而且近一半的有孩子的母親在工作賺錢。make up構(gòu)成，符合句意。take up開始從事(新的工作)，占據(jù)(一定的時間或空間)； pick up撿起，接收；give up放棄。9.D 【解析】考查動詞辨析。explain解釋；express表達(dá)；ignore忽略；explore探索。句意：作為一名學(xué)生，我想用我的創(chuàng)造力去探索可能的方式來解決我遇到的問題。10.D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。get through通過，到達(dá)，做完，接通電話，熬過(困難時期等)；get across(使)被了解；get over克服，恢復(fù)；get around到處走動，傳播。句意：降低公交服務(wù)價格的政策給你提供了一種便宜的方式去旅游。題組二體驗(yàn)真題1.A 【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來，結(jié)婚生子。A. 安頓下來；B. 遠(yuǎn)離；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A。2.B 【解析】根據(jù)上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知，我充滿了恐懼，害怕遇到以前打敗我的同樣的困難。A. 克服，戰(zhàn)勝；B. 遇到；C. 尋找；D. 把放到一邊。故選B。3.52. B 考查動詞辨析。exercise鍛煉；explore探索；express表達(dá)；explain解釋。句意：在那之后，我感覺到想要探索更多(關(guān)于手語的東西)，于是我決定參加ASL 俱樂部的一次會議。故選B。53. C 考查動詞辨析。print打?。粀rite寫；sign簽名，打手語；count數(shù)。句意：那天我只學(xué)會了打字母表的手語。分析語境可知作者第一次參加手語俱樂部的會議，學(xué)會的應(yīng)該是最基本的打字母表的手語。故選C。4.C 【解析】考查動詞辨析。動詞approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗爭，努力解決；promise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；municate交流；句意：他不容易妥協(xié)，但是對于正義的事業(yè)，他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。5.B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飛，成功，受歡迎；turn off關(guān)閉；leave off停止，中斷。句意：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，很多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的生意都很成功。根據(jù)句意可知B正確。6.C 【解析】考查短語辨析。動詞短語gain admission to 獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入；keep track of記錄；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母親應(yīng)該積極鼓勵孩子抓住機(jī)會參加體育活動。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。7.A 【解析】句意：瑪麗在討論的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她說出自己對這個話題的觀點(diǎn)。A. 將說出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.對充耳不聞；D.踏上。根據(jù)語境，故選A。10.A 【解析】句意：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會讓我們的差異聯(lián)合起來而不是將我們分離的時候，我們就獲得很多。A. 將分開；B. 拒絕，拒收；C.控制；D.放棄。根據(jù)語境，故選A。1、