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詞義猜測(cè)題 真題題組 A (2017全國(guó)Ⅱ，B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技藝)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了與Paul的相識(shí)及與其建立友誼的原因，雖不常見(jiàn)面但是卻因共同的信念而保持著友誼。 ?　Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？ __C__ A．Paul Newman wanted it. B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C．He wasn’t famous enough. D．The director remended someone else. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me”可知，攝影棚起初不愿意給作者角色的原因是想找一個(gè)與Paul一樣著名的人物。故可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)不夠有名。該題選C項(xiàng)。 ?　Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？ __D__ A．They were of the same age. B．They worked in the same theater. C．They were both good actors. D．They have similar characteristics. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技藝)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者與Paul之所以擁有持久的友誼是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嗨频男愿裉卣?。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。 ?　What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？ __A__ A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. 解析：考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的內(nèi)容是對(duì)the belief的解釋?zhuān)瑃hat引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明the belief的具體內(nèi)容。下文提到了我們并不經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面，但是分享這個(gè)信念把我們帶到了一起。故選A項(xiàng)。 ?　What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ __B__ A．To show his love of films. B．To remember a friend. C．To introduce a new movie. D．To share his acting experience. 解析：考查寫(xiě)作目的。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，該篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的是回憶一位朋友，所以選B項(xiàng)。 B (2016全國(guó)Ⅱ，B) Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said： “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week. ” A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative. ” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep？” “Oh，sure. ” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. ” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you？” “Nobody. I do it. ” “Really—at night，when you’re asleep？” “Sure. ” “Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？” 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者五年前在西雅圖教學(xué)生們美術(shù)時(shí)所發(fā)生的事情，以及培養(yǎng)學(xué)生們的想象力的方法。 ?　The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to __A__ A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students’ interest in art D．teach the students about toy design 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話(huà)的“to find out something about my students”可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是為了弄清楚有關(guān)學(xué)生們的一些事情。故選A項(xiàng)。 ?　What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3？ __D__ A．He liked to help his teacher. B．He preferred to study alone. C．He was active in class. D．He was imaginative. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第四句話(huà)“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”可知，這個(gè)男孩兒非常具有創(chuàng)造性，故選D項(xiàng)。 ?　What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ __B__ A．Mistake. B．Drawback. C．Difficulty. D．Burden. 解析：考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)下文的“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking”可知，作者冒著推動(dòng)那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故可知該詞的意思為“不足，缺點(diǎn)”，所以選B項(xiàng)。 ?　Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams？ __A__ A．To help them to see their creativity. B．To find out about their sleeping habits. C．To help them to improve their memory. D．To find out about their ways of thinking. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Without fail one would declare，’But I’m just not creative. ’”，及下文內(nèi)容可推知，作者問(wèn)學(xué)生們他們是否做夢(mèng)了是為了讓他們看到自己的創(chuàng)造力。故選A項(xiàng)。 C (2017江蘇，B) Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it es to embryonic learning (胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost. As recently reported in The Auk： Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New－born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call. To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red－backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A puter analysis blindly pared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity. It turns out that baby red－backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food. This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality. ” 文章大意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胎教并非人類(lèi)獨(dú)有，一些鳥(niǎo)兒在這方面做得甚至更出色。 ?　The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ __B__”. A．be the worst B．be the best C．be the as bad D．be just as good 解析：考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞But與下文提到的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在胎教方面做得很出色可知選擇B。 　What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on？ __A__ A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. C．The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二、三、四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于母鳥(niǎo)與幼鳥(niǎo)發(fā)出的叫聲的相似性的，因此本題答案為A。 　Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which __C__. A．can receive quality signals　 B．a(chǎn)re in need of training C．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，與母鳥(niǎo)的叫聲最相似的幼鳥(niǎo)可以得到最多的食物，這也能說(shuō)明它符合進(jìn)化論的理論：適者生存，故本題答案為C。 D (2016全國(guó)Ⅲ，B) On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a fortable East Side caf and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table. “Hey，aren’t you from Mississippi？” the elegant，white－h(huán)aired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too. ” Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair. “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking. ” Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her big－city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friend said：’Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said： Now you know. These are the people that make me write them. ’” Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation. “I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to. ” Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty’s people e from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss，from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out. Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了美國(guó)著名女作家Eudora Welty在紐約的一次經(jīng)歷，并以此作為背景說(shuō)明她的創(chuàng)作源于生活。 　hat happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe？ __A__ A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in. C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那個(gè)陌生人，根據(jù)第三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她們的行列中，故有兩個(gè)陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。 　The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s __D__. A．readers B．parties C．friends D stories 解析：考查代詞指代。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主語(yǔ)These指的就是像那兩位陌生人那樣的人，換言之，這些新朋友就成了Welty筆下的寫(xiě)作素材，這些人就是讓她寫(xiě)小說(shuō)的人，故them指的是“小說(shuō)”。 　What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction？ __C__ A．They live in big cities. B．They are mostly women. C．They e from real life. D．They are pleasure seekers. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，Welty小說(shuō)中的人物源于真實(shí)生活。 E (2017年11月浙江高考) When I was in fourth grade，I worked part－time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She’d watch me ing down her street，and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep，there’d be a cold drink waiting. I’d sit and drink while she talked. Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband，“Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” she’d say. The first time she said that，soda(汽水) went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely，and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile，and maybe she’d work_it_out_of_her_system. So that’s what I did，and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地). I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund－raiser (募捐活動(dòng)). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before，she’d had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone，but life went on. I live in the city now，and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I’m doing. When I don’t say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems. She’s lived in the city most of her life，but she knows about munity. munity isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care，and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile，nod your head and listen. 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者小時(shí)候作為報(bào)童傾聽(tīng)別人的訴說(shuō)，而現(xiàn)在作者也會(huì)向送報(bào)紙的人訴說(shuō)自己的困難的經(jīng)歷，并感慨在我們的社會(huì)中，人與人之間需要互相關(guān)愛(ài)。 　Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time？ __B__ A．He was talking fast. B．He was shocked. C．He was in a hurry. D．He was absent－minded. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“her dead husband”可知，Stanley先生已經(jīng)去世了，可是Stanley太太卻說(shuō)：“Stanley先生和我今天早上去購(gòu)物了?！庇纱丝赏茢喑?，Stanley太太的話(huà)使“我”很震驚。結(jié)合第三段父親向“我”解釋原因的內(nèi)容也可以推知當(dāng)時(shí)“我”是很震驚并迷惑不解的，所以選B項(xiàng)。 　Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3？ __B__ A．He enjoyed the drink. B．He wanted to be helpful. C．He took the chance to rest. D．He tried to please his dad. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，“我”不理解為什么Stanley太太談?wù)揝tanley先生時(shí)仿佛他還在世。“我”向父親說(shuō)了這件事并聽(tīng)從父親的建議，靜靜地坐著傾聽(tīng)Stanley太太的訴說(shuō)，“我”希望這是有幫助的。 　Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”？ __A__ A．recover from her sadness B．move out of the neighborhood C．turn to her old friends D．speak out about her past 解析：考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二至三段內(nèi)容可知，Stanley太大剛開(kāi)始無(wú)法接受丈夫去世的事實(shí)，常常向“我”傾訴她去世的丈夫的事，后來(lái)“我”接受了父親的建議，靜靜地傾聽(tīng)她的訴說(shuō)。結(jié)合第三段最后一句“After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事實(shí)，從悲傷中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。 　What does the author think people in a munity should do？ A．Open up to others. B．Depend on each other. C．Pay for others’ help. D．Care about one another. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容尤其是“You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care，and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile，nod your head and listen”可推知，在我們的社會(huì)中，人與人之間需要互相關(guān)愛(ài)，哪怕有時(shí)候僅僅是微笑、點(diǎn)頭和傾聽(tīng)，這些都能夠給別人以關(guān)心，由此選D項(xiàng)。 模擬題組 A (2018河北省五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟二模) Imagine this scene： it’s blowing outside，and you snuggle(蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt，chatting and recalling with your closest friends. That content，cosy feeling，has a name in Danish—hygge. And，as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”，the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept. Hygge—originally from a Norwegian word meaning wellbeing—doesn’t have an exact equivalent(對(duì)應(yīng)物) in English. It’s often translated as coziness，or as blogger Anna West told the BBC，“coziness of the soul”. But，professor Maren Spark explains，“Hygge_was_never_meant_to_be_translated. It_was_meant_to_be_felt. ” Basically，hygge involves creating a warm，cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark，so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light－h(huán)earted conversation with friends—preferably in the warm glow of candlelight，or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing. However，hygge isn’t only limited to the cold winter months—it can also describe that warm，fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summer’s day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared. 文章大意：每年，丹麥人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷漫長(zhǎng)而陰沉的冬日，可是丹麥卻被認(rèn)為是世界上最幸福的國(guó)家。文章向我們介紹了丹麥人是如何通過(guò)創(chuàng)造舒適的環(huán)境來(lái)提高幸福指數(shù)的。 ?　The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to __B__. A．help the readers to calm down B．introduce the topic of the passage C．present the main idea of the passage D．remind the readers of their past memories 解析：考查推理判斷。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者讓讀者想象這個(gè)情景是為了引出文章所要介紹的話(huà)題“hygge”。 ?　What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean？ __D__ A．The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough. B．Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means. C．“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel. D．We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it. 解析：考查句意理解。根據(jù)第三段可知，“hygge”這個(gè)詞常被解釋為“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的觀點(diǎn)“’hygge’不應(yīng)該被翻譯，而應(yīng)用來(lái)感受”。由此可知，我們只有通過(guò)感受才能理解“hygge”的真正內(nèi)涵。 ?　Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity？ __C__ A．Skiing in the cold winter months. B．Living through long dark winters. C．Taking afternoon tea with friends. D．Walking alone in the forest. 解析：考查推理判斷。由倒數(shù)第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”與創(chuàng)造一個(gè)溫暖舒適的氛圍并與你愛(ài)的人一起分享有關(guān)。C項(xiàng)中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm，cosy atmosphere”，“friends”對(duì)應(yīng)“your loved ones”。故選C項(xiàng)。 ?　The author writes this passage to __A__. A．explain B．persuade C．ment D．a(chǎn)dvertise 解析：考查寫(xiě)作目的。縱觀全文可以看出，文章采用情景介紹、概念介紹、舉例說(shuō)明的方式向我們介紹了一種創(chuàng)造舒適的環(huán)境來(lái)提高幸福指數(shù)的生活方式：hygge。故選A項(xiàng)。 B (2018石家莊市一模) Ireland’s Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However，since April in 2017，the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago. The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh，one of the settlements on the island，awoke to a surprising sight： their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For about 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores. The area’s tourism industry slowly declined，and the handful of beachside hotels，pubs and restaurants gradually closed as well. Then around Easter in 2017，something magical happened—an unusual ten－day tide blanketed the barren 300－meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand. Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves. The locals are delighted to have their beach back，especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature，with their own eyes. However，Sean Molloy，manager at Achill Tourism，cautions against going into the cold waters just yet，saying，“ Because of the sand ing in，we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time. ”He instead remends visitors enjoy the soft sand leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area. Interestingly，this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act. It disappeared in the 1890s，for over 30 years，before returning in 1927. However，the locals are optimistic that this time around，the beautiful sand is here to stay. 文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了愛(ài)爾蘭Achill島消失的海灘時(shí)隔三十多年再次出現(xiàn)的事件。 ?　What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently？ __C__ A．An unusual storm. B．The decrease in the number of residents. C．The return of its beach. D．The building of a new tourist destination. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“However，since April in 2017，the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago”可知，消失了三十多年的海灘的回歸使得Achill島引起了全世界的關(guān)注。 ?　What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades？ __A__ A．Tourism went down gradually. B．Restaurants developed slowly. C．Storms attacked frequently. D．Rock pools disappeared pletely. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中