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Unit 4Making the news【短文語法填空】Helping a person forget something is rarely easy, especially if the “something” is hurtful or negative. Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 1. (hope) with time going by, the person wont be able to remember 2. he is supposed to forget.Remove all the items that may bring back the memory. Any small objects can jog his memory, so carefully replace any photos, diaries or any other 3. (person) objects or presents with new items.Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up. Dont do this in 4. obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 5. (intend). Tell some 6. (amuse) stories or talk about important and happy events in your friends life such as a new nephew or a work promotion.Occupy him with 7. (activity) and appointments. Keeping him too busy 8. (think) about the past helps him see a positive light. Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences, such as a cooking class, which require concentration.Be patient and allow time to get over things. It will be often a long time 9. your friend fully removes that memory, so dont be 10. (disappoint) if it doesnt happen immediately.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了幫助他人忘掉不快樂的記憶的四條建議。1hopefully解析：考查副詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴恼麄€句子，故用副詞形式。2what解析：考查賓語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作動詞forget的賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)該賓語從句，表示隨著時間流逝，這個人就不會記得他應(yīng)當忘記的事情了。3personal解析：考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞objects，故用形容詞形式。句意：任何小物件都能喚起記憶，所以小心地用新物品替換任何照片、日記或其他個人的物品或禮物。4an解析：考查冠詞。不要以一種明顯的方式做這件事，因為這很煩人。該處表示“一種明顯的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠詞；obvious的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。5intention解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞your可知，該處用名詞形式。句意：不要以明顯的方式來做這件事情，因為這很煩人，但要在他(朋友)沒有意識到你的意圖的情況下做這件事情。6amusing解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)空后的名詞stories可知，空處修飾該名詞，故用形容詞形式amusing。句意：講一些有趣的故事，或者談?wù)勀闩笥训纳钪兄匾涂鞓返氖虑?，比如剛出生的侄子或者工作晉升。7activities解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的“and appointments”可知，空處與此并列，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：使他忙于活動和約會。8to think解析：考查固定搭配。too.to.為固定搭配，意為“太而不能”。句意：讓他忙得無法想起往事，這有助于讓他看到積極之光。9before解析：考查連詞。句意：通常很長的一段時間之后，你的朋友才會完全忘掉這段記憶，所以如果他沒有馬上忘掉這段記憶，你不要失望。It will be一段時間before.表示“多久之后才”，故用連詞before。10disappointed解析：考查形容詞?？仗幩诰錇槠硎咕?，系動詞be后接形容詞，且修飾人，故用disappointed。inform vt.告知；通知(1)inform sb.of/about sth.告知某人某事inform sb.(that).通知某人inform oneself of sth.了解，熟悉某事(2)informed adj.了解情況的；見識廣的keep sb.informed(of)使某人了解情況(3)information nU通知，消息，情報，信息(教材原句)They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.他們必須通過調(diào)查研究來獲悉被遺漏的那部分情況。My boss is on business.Before leaving，he asked me to pay attention to the latest _information_ (inform) about the new product iPhone7.Its said that Jenny is well _informed_ (inform) and one of my tasks is to keep him _informed_ (inform) if Jenny calls me.我們的老板要出差。出發(fā)前他要求我注意關(guān)于蘋果7的最新消息。據(jù)說珍妮消息很靈通，我的任務(wù)之一就是如果珍妮給我打電話就告知他。(2016江蘇卷)There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，_inform_ (information) and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.有很多原因令人相信：要求孩子們幫助，通知和分享不是教的而是孩子們自然形成的。case n情況；病例；案例in case 萬一，以防，以免(后接從句)in case of 萬一，以防，以免(后接名詞、代詞)in this/that case 在這種/那種情況下in some cases 在某些情況下in any case 在任何情況下，不管怎樣in no case 決不，在任何情況下都不as is often the case 這是常有的事(教材原句)Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有沒有遇到過這種情況：別人控告你的記者，說他的報道失實呢？_As_ is often the case，fire breaks out because of carelessness._In_ that case，remember to keep calm.In _no_ case can you jump from the top of a high building，which is dangerous.You may call 119 or 110 in case _of_ emergency and try to take some effective measures before the arrival of rescue _in_ case you get burnt.這是常有的事，由于粗心而引發(fā)火災(zāi)。在那種情況下，記住要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。決不能從樓頂上跳下來，這是危險的。你可以打119或110在萬一發(fā)生緊急情況下并且盡量采取一些有效措施在救援來到之前以防你被燒傷。(2016江蘇卷)It is often _the_ case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.對于那些心存希望的人一切皆有可能。employ vt.雇用某人；利用(時間等)；使用某人/某物n工作；職業(yè)；雇用(1)employ sb.in/on sth.雇用某人做某事employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事employ sth.to do sth.利用某物做某事employ.as.雇傭某人作為/把當作來使用(2)employ n雇用；使用in the employ of/in sb.s employ 受雇于某人(3)employe(e)n.雇員；雇工employer n雇主；雇用者employment n(人的)雇用；職業(yè)；工作unemployment n失業(yè)She _employs_ (employ) herself by reading after work.工作之余，她忙于讀書。The children _were employed/employed themselves_ (employ)in painting.孩子們忙于畫畫兒。After two years _unemployment_ (失業(yè))，he has just _been employed by_ (剛被雇用) a big pany.To be a good _employee_ (一名優(yōu)秀員工)，he _employs_ (花費) all his spare time in learning about new things about the pany.Soon he is promoted by his _employer_ (雇主)單句語法填空(2017全國卷)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，_employees_ (employee) were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.demand n要求；需要 vt.強烈要求(1)demand sth.要求，需要demand to do sth.要求做某事demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人干某事demand sth.of/from sb.向某人索取某物demand that.(should)do.要求demand doing/to be done 需要(2)in(great)demand 需求量很大；許多人都需要on demand 一經(jīng)要求meet/satisfy ones demands 滿足某人的需要make demands of/on 對提出要求；有求于(3)demanding adj.要求高的；費力的(教材原句)It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.這是一個兩難問題，因為如果我們錯了，足球隊員就可以要求補償損失。I demand _to know_ (know) whats going on.我要求了解正在發(fā)生什么事情。My car demands/needs/requires _repairing/to be repaired_ (repair)，so I have to go to work by bus.我的小汽車需要修理了，因此我必須乘公共汽車上班。(1)demand作“要求”講，后跟從句時，要用虛擬語氣，即謂語部分用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。(2)demand不能用于demand sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，要用demand sth.of(from)sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)demand的主語是物時，常用demand doing或demand to be done結(jié)構(gòu)。require，want，need，deserve等詞都有此用法?！酒哌x五】Everyone knows how important trees are to the wellbeing of the earth._1_ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside，trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly(不美觀的)views，reduce noise from nearby roads，and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive.Choosing Trees_2_ Planting a tree is a longterm project.Large shade varieties，especially，take a long time to grow.And once planted，they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment，so its important to choose wisely._3_ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space，light，and soil conditions.CareOnce youve made a choice，youll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself，carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”_4_Providing proper care after its planted is also important._5_ Feed regularly，water deeply，and prune(修剪) them carefully，so they bee strong and healthy.Mature plants usually dont need to be watered or fertilized.AThey also provide homes for wildlife.BYour success depends on proper planting.CMany yards have space for only a few large plants.DYoung plants should be babied for the first few years.EThey develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.FWhen you are planting trees，its wise to plan your selections carefully.GBut do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard?【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了種樹的一些注意事項?！径我馐崂怼?第一部分：總述樹的益處。第二部分：要謹慎地選擇所種的樹。第三部分：種好樹要進行適當?shù)恼樟稀?G空前講述的是樹對地球的重要性，空后講述的是樹給人們及其住所提供的諸多好處，前后意思上存在輕微的轉(zhuǎn)折；且下文主要講述的是如何自己種樹，故選項G與此處匹配。2F該部分的主題為Choosing Trees，主要講述的是要謹慎地選擇所種的樹，故F項與此處匹配。下文中的“so its important to choose wisely”亦是提示。3C根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，你可能沒有足夠的空間來種所有你想種的樹，所以要選擇能在你所能提供的條件中良好生長的樹?？蘸髢?nèi)容圍繞“空間”展開，故C項與此處匹配。4B根據(jù)空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or readHow to Plant a Tree”可知，自己種樹時遵循指南很重要，空處承接上文，故選項B與此處匹配。5D空前一句講的是種好樹后適當?shù)恼樟虾苤匾蘸笠痪鋽⑹隽司唧w的照料方法，空處連接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”與此處形成對比，由此可推斷空處講的是對未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段時間，故選項D與此處匹配。concentrate on 集中；全神貫注于(1)concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.集中于/專心于某事concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts/energy on.把某人的注意力/努力/思想集中到be concentrated on/upon sth.be fixed onbe focused on 集中于/專心于某事be concentrated in/on/around.集中在；匯集于(2)fix ones attention onfocus onbe absorbed/lost/buried/occupied in 把注意力集中在put ones mind in.專心于apply oneself/ones mind to.專心于put ones heart into.集中精力David Cameron is urging todays youngsters _to concentrate_ (concentrate) on the tongue of the futureMandarin.戴維卡梅倫呼吁英國年輕人集中精力學習“未來的語言”(中文)普通話。We must concentrate our efforts on _improving_ (improve) education.我們必須致力于改進教育工作。depend on 依靠；依賴(1)depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事depend on sb.for sth.依靠某人供給某物depend on/upon it that.指望；對深信不疑(2)That depends./It all depends.視情況而定。(3)rely on/count on 依靠(教材原句)Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.同時，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說的話準備提出下一個問題。You may depend on _it_ that she will help you.你可以相信她會幫助你的。Can you finish the work before Sunday?你可以在星期天之前完成這項工作嗎？That _depends_ (depend)/It all _depends_ (depend)這要看情況而定。【短文改錯】I usually go to school by bike.And this morning I went on foot.On the way to school，I happen to witness an accident.A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while crosses the street.Seeing that was happening on the scene，I made rush for the woman to help.One passerby got out of his cellphone and called the police.I helped to carry the woman to safe and dress her wound. Around ten minutes late, an ambulance arrived and took him to hospital.I continued my way to school，feeling happily that I could offer some help in time.【答案】I usually go to school by bike. this morning I went on foot.On the way to school，I to witness an accident.A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while the street.Seeing was happening on the scene，I made rush for the woman to help.One passerby got out his cellphone and called the police.I helped to carry the woman to and dress her wound. Around ten minutes ， an ambulance arrived and took to hospital.I continued my way to school，feeling that I could offer some help in time.第一處：AndBut?？疾檫B詞。前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用But。第二處：happenhappened?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的“I went on foot”可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時。第三處：crossescrossing。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cross與A middleaged woman之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。第四處：thatwhat?？疾槊~性從句。這里指“看到現(xiàn)場發(fā)生的事情”。此處在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“的事情”，故用what。第五處：rush前加a?？疾楣谠~。此處指作者沖向那位女士以提供幫助。make a rush for“沖向，奔向”是固定搭配。第六處：刪除out后的of?？疾楣潭ù钆洹Ｒ晃宦啡四贸鏊氖謾C并給警察打了電話。get“取來，拿來”，是及物動詞，其后可直接接賓語；out在此為副詞。而get out of sth.意為“離開(某地)，擺脫，放棄”，顯然不符合此處的語境。故of多余。第七處：safesafety?？疾槊~。此處充當介詞的賓語，應(yīng)該用名詞形式。safety“安全的地方”。第八處：latelater。考查副詞。雖然late和later都可用作副詞，但前者表示“遲，晚”，后者表示“后來，隨后”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)將late改為later。第九處：himher。考查代詞。此處指的是救護車將那個受傷的女士帶去了醫(yī)院，故應(yīng)用her。第十處：happilyhappy?？疾樾稳菰~。feel是系動詞，其后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX)，_was to_ strongly _influence_ his life as a journalist.他與他的新老板胡新的討論對他的記者生涯必將產(chǎn)生重要影響。be to do句型在本句中表示“注定會；一定”。be to do句型的含義：(1)預(yù)先安排好的計劃或約定。(2)表示說話人的意圖、職責、義務(wù)、命令等情感意義。(3)表示注定要發(fā)生或一定會發(fā)生的事情。(4)用于條件狀語從句，表示“如果想；設(shè)想”。Every member of the party was _to pay_ (pay) his own expense.參加晚會的所有人費用自理。If you are _to succeed_ (succeed)，you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的話，你必須更加努力。The talk with his beloved teacher was _to change_ (change) his life.和他深愛的老師的談話注定會改變他的生活。The letter is _to be handed_ (hand) to him in person.這封信必須親手交給他。He admitted that he knew the man who _was supposed to have_ bribed him，but denied that he had ever taken any money.他承認他認識那個行賄人，但他否認接受過賄賂。be supposed to do 被認為；應(yīng)該(should)。如果不定式動作發(fā)生在以前，要用be supposed to have done 形式，意為“被認為做過某事”。was/were supposed to do sth.is/are supposed to have done sth.should have done sth.本該做某事suppose/supposing/provided/providing.假如，假設(shè)I suppose so.我看行吧；我想是的。I dont suppose so.I suppose not.我看不行；我想不是這樣。Everybody _is supposed_ (suppose) to know the law，but few people do.人人都該懂得法律，但很少有人做到。Whoever is supposed _to be fit_ (fit) for the job was asked to sign up.無論是誰，只要被認為適合做這項工作都被要求報了名。Tom was supposed _to have stolen_ (steal) the money.湯姆被認為偷了錢。【閱讀理解】Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for womens rights long before they became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the womens suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision. It was not until 1920 that the US. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了美國歷史上著名的女權(quán)運動領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力為婦女爭取了財產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。【難句分析】Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.(第三段第二句)分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中that were important to women為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞causes。譯文：隨后她開始組織婦女群體加速實現(xiàn)對婦女來說重要的目標。1. What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?AThey had low social status.BThey could vote after getting married.CThey managed money for their husbands.DThey were responsible for decisionmaking.答案與解析：A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.”可知，在那時，女性沒有什么權(quán)利，地位是低下的，故A項正確。B、C和D項均與此表述不符。2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?ASusans teaching experiences.BSusans educational background.CSusans efforts to abolish slavery.DSusans fighting for womens causes.答案與解析：D考查段落大意。通讀第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要講述Susan Brownell Anthony為爭取女權(quán)而斗爭的情況，故D項正確。A項僅為細節(jié)之一，無法概括該段大意；B項文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段的“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women”可知，Susan Brownell Anthony為爭取女權(quán)而斗爭，而不是為廢除奴隸制而斗爭，故C項錯誤。3 What does the word “decision” in the fourth paragraph refer to? APromoting the social movement. BChanging the US. Constitution. CGiving women voting rights. DUniting other areas and states.答案與解析：C考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美國一些地區(qū)修改了法律，給了婦女投票權(quán)；結(jié)合該段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision”可以判斷，畫線詞指代“給婦女投票權(quán)”這一決定，故C項正確。4. What may be the best title for the text? AThe first American woman to invent coins BThe problem of womens rights in the US. CThe most popular women organizations DA pioneer in fighting for womens rights答案與解析：D考查標題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了美國歷史上著名的女權(quán)運動領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她為婦女爭取了財產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。據(jù)此可知D項最適合作文章標題。