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Unit 3　The Million Pound Bank Note 【短文語法填空】 Body and Food Our body, which has close relations with the food that we eat 1 our daily life, is the most important thing that we own, so our body 2 (need) proper treatment and proper nourishment (營(yíng)養(yǎng)). The old saying ＂An apple a day keeps the doctor away＂ is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit 3 vegetables, such as apples, pears, banana, carrots and cabbages, because they contain vitamin C, 4 is very necessary and important to us all. It’s clear that a lack of vitamin C can make people ill and weak easily. In order to get enough needed vitamins, many people take extra vitamins in pill form, 5 (believe) that these will make them 6 (health). But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins that we need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them? Nowadays many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their 7 (stomach), eating something carelessly and 8 (hurried). The list of illnesses 9 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening. It is high time we should realize the importance of having a good diet. If not, it is impossible for 10 (we) to keep fit and strong. 【文章大意】健康的飲食對(duì)我們的健康有很大的好處，所以我們一定要注意自己的飲食習(xí)慣。 1.in 【解析】考查介詞。in our daily life在我們的日常生活中。 2.needs 【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。本處談常態(tài)的事情，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；結(jié)合主語our body應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。 3.and 【解析】考查并列連詞。我們的身體需要水果和蔬菜。and和，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。 4.which 5.beliening 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本處分詞作伴隨狀語，believe與句子主語many people之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 6.healthy 【解析】考查形容詞。make them healthy使他們健康；形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。 7. stomachs 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。＂他們的胃＂，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8. hurriedly 【解析】考查副詞。本處與carelessly并列，修飾前面的動(dòng)詞eating。 9. caused 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits作名詞illness的定語；由于cause與被修飾的名詞illnesses之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。 10.us 【解析】＂對(duì)于我們來說＂，介詞for后加人稱代詞的賓格形式。 permit v．允許，許可；使有可能 n．通行證，許可證；執(zhí)照 (1)permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事 be permitted to do sth.被允許做某事 permit doing sth.允許做某事 permit sb.sth.允許某人某事 (2)a driver’s/driving permit駕駛執(zhí)照 (3)permission n．許可，認(rèn)可，準(zhǔn)許 with/without one’s permission 獲取某人同意/沒有獲得某人同意 ask for permission 請(qǐng)求允許 give sb.permission to do sth.(＝permit sb.to do sth.)允許某人做某事 ①(教材原句)Permit me to lead the way，sir. 先生，請(qǐng)讓我來帶路吧。 ②The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting (permit)． 如果天氣好，聚會(huì)將在花園舉行。 ③You can’t take photographs here without permission/being_permitted(permit)． 未經(jīng)許可你們不能在此處拍照。 ④(2015天津卷)Students living in buildings that have kitchens are_permitted (permit) to cook in the kitchen. 在沒有廚房的樓內(nèi)，住在樓里的學(xué)生可以使用廚房做飯。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017天津卷)“The change to the road traffic law will_permit (permit) fully automatic driving，”says Dobrindt. spot vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出(同recognize) n．斑點(diǎn)，污點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn) (1)spot be spotted with 散布，點(diǎn)綴 (2)on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng)；在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) put sb.on the spot 使某人尷尬 in a spot 處于困境 ①(教材原句)The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。 ②Let’s meet at this spot tomorrow. 明天我們就在這個(gè)地方見面吧。 ③He spotted (spot) a man entering (enter) the spot where a heated discussion was on. 他注意到在激烈討論的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有個(gè)人進(jìn)來了。 account vi.& vt.認(rèn)為；說明；總計(jì)有 n．說明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目；報(bào)道 (1)account for說明(原因等)；做出解釋；占……(比例) (2) (3) (4)give a full account of 對(duì)……做詳細(xì)的描述 ①(教材原句)The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance. 事實(shí)上我靠做義工來頂替船費(fèi)，這就是我為什么衣冠不整的原因了。 ②On no account should the house be left unlocked. 離開住宅時(shí)千萬要鎖門。 ③語境填詞 Darling，you said you couldn’t understand why I was so depressed.Last month，I went to the bank，ready to_open (open) a bank account.But taking (take) the low interests into account，I changed my mind.I bought a house with the money I had saved for years.However，on account of the new policy，the price of the house went down sharply.That accounted (account) for my being (be) so disappointed. ④單句語法填空(2017浙江卷)At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy accounted (account) to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’children accounting (account) for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy. 【七選五】 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 　 2 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個(gè)自己建設(shè)花園的具體建議。 1.F 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，這里是在講＂你是否曾去過一個(gè)花園……但是它不是偶然發(fā)生的＂。故F項(xiàng)＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合語境。 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此處表達(dá)的是人們種植花園的不同原因，而E項(xiàng)中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂與上下文銜接自然，故選E項(xiàng)。 4.C 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此處講的應(yīng)是什么是重要的，故C項(xiàng)符合語境。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂與G項(xiàng)中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼應(yīng)，故選G項(xiàng)。 bring up 培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐 bring about 引起，產(chǎn)生，帶來 bring in 引進(jìn)；賺得 bring forward 提出 bring out 使顯出；闡明；出版；生產(chǎn) bring down 使倒下；降低；減少 bring...to life 使蘇醒過來 ①(教材原句)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River. 他在密西西比河畔密蘇里州的漢尼拔長(zhǎng)大。 ②Science and technology has_brought (bring) about many changes in our lives. 科學(xué)技術(shù)給我們的生活帶來了許多變化。 ③I have three parttime jobs，which bring in about￡14,000 a year. 我有3份兼職工作，一年大約能掙14 000英鎊。 ④The plan he brought (bring)up has_brought (bring) down the costs of production and brought (bring) in a lot of profit，which brought the pany back to life. 他提出的方案降低了生產(chǎn)成本，帶來了大量利潤(rùn)，使公司恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。 go ahead 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，先走；(用于祈使句)可以，往下說，請(qǐng)說，請(qǐng)做，開始吧 go against 反對(duì)；不利于 go off 爆炸；離去 go over 仔細(xì)檢查；復(fù)習(xí) go through 瀏覽；翻閱；遭受；經(jīng)歷 go without 沒有……也行，將就…… go wrong 走錯(cuò)路；出毛病 go after 追求；設(shè)法獲得 ①(教材原句)Go right ahead. 請(qǐng)問吧。 ②Don’t go against your mother’s wish. 別違背你母親的心愿。 ③There’s no money for a holiday；we’ll have to go without. 沒錢去度假了，我們只好將就著不度假了。 ④單句語法填空 (2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. on the contrary 相反地；正相反；反之 by contrary 相反地；與預(yù)期相反地 contrary to...與……相反；違反，對(duì)抗 quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反 to the contrary 與此相反地(置于修飾語之后) ①(教材原句)On the contrary，in fact.If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I don’t think it’s very funny. 事實(shí)上，恰恰相反。如果你們認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)笑話，我可不覺得很可笑。 ②Show me some evidence to the contrary. 給我一些相反的證據(jù)。 ③The rain was heavy but，contrary to our fears，our fields were not flooded. 雨很大，但是和我們擔(dān)心的情況相反，我們的田地沒有被淹。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Boys and girls， May I have your fully attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs.Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 【答案】　 Boys and girls， May I have your attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends the United States，the Student Union going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As ，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building. will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing exchange of gifts.Will everyone please bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of .Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 第一處：fully→full。考查形容詞。修飾名詞要用形容詞，故用full。 第二處：announcement前加an?？疾楣谠~。announcement表示“通告、公告”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，且此處第一次提到，表示泛指，故應(yīng)加上不定冠詞；announcement的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。 第三處：in→from?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示歡迎來自美國(guó)的朋友，而不是歡迎在美國(guó)的朋友。 第四處：was→is。考查時(shí)態(tài)。這里說的是從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事情，不能用過去將來時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 第五處：never→ever?？疾樾形倪壿?。此處表示“像之前一樣，像往常一樣”，故用ever。 第六處：They→It。考查代詞。此處指代前面的the party，故用It。 第七處：or→and。考查連詞。根據(jù)句意以及下文提到的讓大家準(zhǔn)備禮品可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，故用and。 第八處：刪除bring前的to。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，故to多余。 第九處：writing→write。考查固定搭配。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形write與pack，sign并列。 第十處：funs→fun?？疾槊~。fun為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Well，towards nightfall I found_myself_carried_out to sea by a strong wind. 嗯，傍晚時(shí)分我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣大風(fēng)刮到海上去了。 此句中使用了“find sb./sth.＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)……被……”，carried out 在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表被動(dòng)。 (1)“find oneself＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”指(不知不覺地)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種情況中，多表示意料之外的情況，可用形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 find＋賓語＋ (2)可用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：see，hear，watch，notice，have等。 ①Peter，who was usually shy，found (find)himself talking (talk) to the girls. 彼得通常很害羞，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺已在跟女孩子們說話。 ②After wandering (wander) around，we found ourselves back at the hotel. 我們四處漫步后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺回到了飯店。 ③I found myself surrounded (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群充滿好奇心的孩子圍住了。 ④單句語法填空 (2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard(hardly) to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. Indeed，sir，I hope that you’ll e here whenever_you_like. 真的，先生，我希望您想來的時(shí)候就來。 whenever意為“在任何時(shí)候，無論何時(shí)”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter when。 (1)whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter when/where/how。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (3)however用作連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“不管怎樣……，無論如何……”，具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語。 ①However rich people are，they always seem anxious to make more money. 無論人們有多富裕，他們似乎總是渴望掙到更多的錢。 ②However great (greatly)the difficulties are，we must plete the task in time. 不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 ③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart. 不管遇到什么問題，都不要灰心。 (1)no matter＋疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 (2)whichever，whatever在句中還可作定語。如： The content is the same，whichever book you choose. 不管你選哪一本書，內(nèi)容都是一樣的。 【閱讀理解】 The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost. When Ratner took over his father’s chain of 140 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear pany policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver decorations. By 1991, Ratner’s pany had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a bit meeting of top British business people, he suited up and explained the secret of his success —People say “How can we sell our goods for such a low price?”. He say “Because they are absolute rubbish.” His audience burst out laughing. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People feltinsultedand stayed away from Ratner’s shops. Sales fell and six months after his speech ,Ratner’s share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his pany, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke. 1.What are the British noted for according to the passage? A. Their jewelry shops. B. Their love for jewelry. C. Their jokes about themselves. D. Their harmless humor. 2.How did Ratner achieve success in his business? A. He cut down his labor cost. B. He adopted an effective business model. C. He employed a lot of new staff. D. He developed great relations with business VIPs. 3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “insulted”? A. Offended. B. Amazed. C. Abused. D. Attracted. 4.What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest? A. Action speaks louder than words. B. What goes around es around. C.A friend in need is a friend indeed. D.A man may dig his grave with his teeth. 【文章大意】本文為記敘文。講述的是英國(guó)零售商Gerald Ratner因?yàn)樽猿皶r(shí)說錯(cuò)話而導(dǎo)致失敗的故事。 2.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話中的“…h(huán)e introduced a very clear pany policy.” 和第二句話He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. 可知他采用了一種有效的商業(yè)模式——以最低價(jià)銷售產(chǎn)品，故選B。 3.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句話可知人們感到受到了侮辱冒犯，都不去他的商店了，由此可知該詞與offended一致，故選A。