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Unit 5　Canada— “The True North” 【短文語法填空】 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate). She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (e) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂ 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認為在青少年時期要把學業(yè)放在首位。 61. resting 62. a 【解析】考查冠詞。model是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指 ＂一個＂，故填a。 63. was told / has been told 64. who 【解析】考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為Sarah，指人，要用who。 65. to prove 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth.想要做某事。 66. education 【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該接名詞形式。 67. invitations 【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，故填invitations。 68. in 【解析】考查介詞。in表示＂在某方面＂，獲得某項學位 ＂get a degree in…＂。 69. es 【解析】考查動詞。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認為當下應(yīng)該是學業(yè)第一，說明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。 70. certainly 【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞形式，故填certainly。 measure vi.& vt.測量；衡量；判定 n．計量單位；措施 (1)measure...by...用……來衡量…… be measured by/in 用……來衡量/計算 (2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事 take measures against sth.采取措施防范某事 take sb’s measure＝take the measure of sb.給某人量尺寸 in some measure在某種程度上 ①(教材原句)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres. 那里的濕度很大，所以樹都長得特別高，一些高達90多米。 ②(2016北京卷)“Although these measures (measure) are not effective forever，they are vital for now，”he says. 他說：“雖然這些措施不會永遠有效，但他們現(xiàn)在很重要?！? ③The government warned that police would take tougher measures to_contain (contain) the terrorist attacks. 政府警告說，警方將采取更為強硬的措施來遏制恐怖襲擊。 confirm vt.證實；證明；確定，確認；批準 (1)confirm one’s belief 堅定信念 confirm sb.in belief/opinion/theory 使某人確信某信念/觀點/理論 confirm a contract 批準合同 confirm sth./that/whether...證實…… It has been confirmed that...已經(jīng)確定…… (2)confirmation n．證實；確認；批準 (3)confirmed adj.證實的；慣常的 ①(教材原句)．..and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. ……地上有霜，證明秋天已經(jīng)來到加拿大了。 ②Earlier reports were unable to_confirm (confirm)that there were any survivors. 早先的報道無法證實是否有幸存者。 ③The Defence Ministry refused to confirm whether the information was true. 國防部拒絕證實此消息是否屬實。 distance n．距離；遠方；遙遠；疏遠 v．不介入，與……疏遠 (1)in the distance 在遠處 at a distance 隔一段距離；距離稍遠 from a distance 由遠處 keep sb.at a distance 對某人冷淡；與某人疏遠 keep your distance from 與……保持距離 (2)distance oneself from...不介入；與……疏遠 (3)distant adj.遙遠的；遠處的；久遠的 ①(教材原句)In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. 遠處，她們可以看到湖的南邊尼亞加拉大瀑布上方升騰著的霧靄。 ②The picture looks better at a distance. 這幅畫遠點看更佳。 ③I could see the bus ing from a distance. 我能看見公共汽車正從遠處開來。 ④(2015浙江卷)Farther in the distance (distant)，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. 隔著很遠的一段距離，我欣賞不到雪山的美景。 impress vt.使印象深刻；使銘記 (1)impress sth.on/upon sb. ＝impress sb.with sth.使某人銘記某事物 be impressed by/with/at 對……印象深刻 be impressed on one’s mind/memory 被印在腦海里 It impresses sb.that...令人佩服的是…… (2)impression n．印象；感想 have/leave/make/create a(n)．..impression on sb.給某人留下……的印象 have/get the impression that...有……的印象 (3)impressive adj.給人深刻印象的；感人的 ①(教材原句)What impressed you? 是什么給了你深刻印象？ ②My father impressed on me the value of hard work. ＝My father impressed me with the value of hard work. 我父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性。 ③(2016上海卷)I was so impressed (impress) by how selfless she was. 她那么的無私我印象深刻。 ④語境填詞 Shenzhen impresses (impress) tourists from home and abroad.First，they have a good impression (impress) on the city’s road and traffic.Besides，the city impresses (impress)its friendliness and hospitality upon/on their mind.Above all，many places of interest in this city are very impressive (impress)，such as Window of the World，the Happy Valley and so on. ⑤單句語法填空(2017浙江卷)He was impressed(impress) with Benjamin’s drawings. 【七選五】 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 　 5 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure bees active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear bees active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，作者講的是有關(guān)冒險的科學的探索方面的內(nèi)容。 1.F 【解析】選項F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂與上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼應(yīng)，故F項符合語境。 2.C 【解析】選項C中的＂Being better at those things＂與上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼應(yīng)，因此選C。 3.A 【解析】前文說人們有各種不同的性格，因此你可能喜歡賽車，或者討厭賽車，故A項＂這完全是由你的性格決定的＂符合語境。 4.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for new experiences...＂可知E項符合語境。 5.G 【解析】根據(jù)空后的＂For the risk-seekers...bees active＂可知，此處講的是面對緊張的局面時我們的大腦會有不同的反應(yīng)，故G項符合語境。 catch sight of 看見；瞥見 at first sight 第一眼就；乍看之下 at the sight of 一看見 in sight 在看得見的范圍內(nèi) out of sight 在看不見的地方 e in/into sight 進入視線，映入眼簾 lose one’s sight 喪失視力 have good/poor sight 視力好/差 ①(教材原句)They managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 她們總算見到了野山羊，甚至還看到了大灰熊和一只鷹。 ②(朗文P1906)We stood at the window until the car came in/into sight. 我們站在窗前，直到看見他們的車子。 ③At first sight their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看起來，他們的要求似乎滿合理的。 manage to do 設(shè)法做 manage sb.設(shè)法對付某人 manage sth.經(jīng)營/管理…… manage it 能做到 try to do sth.努力做某事 ①(教材原句)They managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 她們總算見到了野山羊，甚至還看到了大灰熊和一只鷹。 ②She knows how to_manage (manage) him when he’s angry. 她知道他生氣時如何對付他。 ③He managed to_pass (pass) the exam. 他設(shè)法通過了考試。 have a gift for 對……有天賦 be gifted in/have a talent for 對……有天賦 a man of many gifts 多才多藝的人 have an eye for sth.對……有鑒賞力或識別力 ①(教材原句)Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. 他們許多人都有騎馬的天賦，都能贏得幾千美元的獎金。 ②Her little girl is_gifted (gift) in music. 她的小女兒有音樂天賦。 ③He has a gift for language，while his sister is a gifted (gift) pianist. 他有語言天賦而他的妹妹是一個有天賦的鋼琴家。 as far as 遠到，直至，至于 (1) (2) (3)by far 到目前為止 so far 迄今為止 far from 遠離；遠非；一點也不 go too far 開玩笑開得過火 ①(教材原句)It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital. 很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。 ②I’m far from pleased with your behaviour. 我對你的表現(xiàn)很不滿意。 ③Standing here，you can see as far as the foot of the hill. 站在這里，你可以一直看到山腳下。 ④Besides，as far as he was_concerned (concern)，what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外，依他之見，別人的想法并不是最重要的。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017北京卷)Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. 【短文改錯】 Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks.However, some interested activities indeed contribute to reduce the pressure.Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized the activity in which each class shoot a short movie.Our class chose a story setting in World War Ⅱ，that showed the preciousness of peace.I think this process was a good lesson that taught to me how to strike a balance between studying or relaxation.Now I am determined than ever to treasure everything I have and fight for my future. 【答案】　 Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless .However, some activities indeed contribute to the pressure.Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized activity in which each class a short movie.Our class chose a story in World War Ⅱ， showed the preciousness of peace.I think this process was a good lesson that taught me how to strike a balance between studying relaxation.Now I am determined than ever to treasure everything I have and fight for my future. 第一處：homeworks→homework。考查名詞。homework為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式。 第二處：interested→interesting?？疾樾稳菰~。interesting修飾物，意為“有趣的”；根據(jù)該句中的名詞activities可知答案；interested修飾人，意為“感興趣的”。 第三處：reduce→reducing?？疾閯用~。該句中短語“contribute to”中的to為介詞，后接動名詞。 第四處：the→an?？疾椴欢ü谠~。根據(jù)語境可知，該處泛指“一次活動”，故用不定冠詞。 第五處：shoot→shot?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句的時間狀語“Last week”可知，該句陳述的事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。 第六處：setting→set?？疾檫^去分詞。a story和set之間為動賓關(guān)系，表示“以二戰(zhàn)為背景的故事”，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 第七處：that→which?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代前面的a story，在從句中作主語，故用which。 第八處：刪除to?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅?。teach為及物動詞，后直接加賓語，不需要接to。teach sb.sth.為固定用法，意為“教某人……”。 第九處：or改為and?？疾檫B詞。該處表示在學習和放松之間取得平衡。between...and...意為“在……和……之間”。 第十處：在am后加more?？疾楸容^級。根據(jù)該句中的than可知，該處應(yīng)用比較級。 Rather_than_take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. 她們不想一路乘飛機，而是決定先飛到溫哥華，再從西海岸乘火車橫穿加拿大到達東海岸。 rather than意為“而不是”，連接兩個并列成分，后接名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，ing形式或不定式。 (1)would rather(not)do 寧愿(不)做…… (2) (3)would rather have done 本來想……而未實現(xiàn) (4) ①I always prefer to_start (start) early，rather than leave everything to the last minute. 我總是愿意早開始，而不愿意把所有的事情都留到最后才做。 ②I would rather stay at home than go shopping on such a humid day. 在這樣潮濕的天氣里，我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿去購物。 ③I would rather(that)you hadn’t_done(do)that thing. 我寧愿你沒做那件事。 rather than連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動名詞、分詞、不定式以及動詞等。但注意以下幾點： (1)rather than 連接兩個并列不定式時，rather than之后的不定式可省略to。 (2)rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 ④They said the director，rather than the clerks，was (be) responsible for the incident. 他們說不是職員，而是主管要為這次事件負責。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more_than 170 wolves. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some_measuring_over_90_metres. 那兒的濕度很大，樹木極高，有些樹的高度超過90米。 some measuring over 90 metres為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨等。其構(gòu)成方式如下： (1)名詞(代詞)＋現(xiàn)在分詞 (2)名詞(代詞)＋過去分詞 (3)名詞(代詞)＋不定式 (4)名詞(代詞)＋副詞 ①He lay there，his teeth set，his eyes looking (look) straight up. 他躺在那兒，牙關(guān)緊閉，兩眼直視上方。(表方式) ②There being (be) no bus，we had to go home on foot.(表原因) 沒有公共汽車了，我們不得不步行回家。 ③Many trees，flowers，and grass to_be_planted (plant)，our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學校看上去將更美。(表原因) ④The meeting over，our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散會了，校長很快就離開了會議室。(表時間) ⑤(2015江蘇卷)Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 長時間伏案工作，很多上班族都會受到健康問題的困擾。 【閱讀理解】 Captain John Bunch loves to go fishing. In fact, Bunch loves fishing so much that he became a professional fishing guide decades ago and has remained one ever since. There is something, however, that Bunch loves even more. That is his country and the men and women who join the army to protect it. Ever since Bunch met a young soldier in 2005, who wanted to go on a fishing trip before he left the army, the Florida native has offered over 1 200 fishing trips to veterans(退伍軍人), with all expenses paid. And Bunch’s efforts to give back to those who have served their nation go even much further. Inspired by that fishing trip 11 years ago, he founded Operation Open Arms, which has since helped nearly 3 400 US troops and given out more than $12 million in direct benefits with his charity. Operation Open Arms also provides free weddings, vacations, and more leisurely activities to veterans, and can rely on a network of over 300 businesses and individual partners to get former soldiers anything they might need upon returning home from army. The former marine’s heartwarming generosity is a result of his own experiences in the military and the pride he has for his country. "I do this because I love my country and I do this because America is the greatest country in the world," he told NBC’s Today Show. Bunch’s unwavering mitment goes so far that he once turned down an invitation from then-President George W. Bush, because he had already scheduled a fishing trip with one of his veterans. Even the military has recognized Bunch’s work of love, and earlier this year honored him and his organization with the Outstanding Civilian Service Award and the Army’s most prestigious civilian award. 1.What caused John Bunch to offer free fishing trips to veterans? A.A young soldier’s desire to go on a fishing trip. B. Working as a professional fishing guide. C. Having served in the army. D. Growing up in Florida. 2.What is Paragraph Two mainly about? A. The achievements Operation Open Arms has made. B. How Operation Open Arms was founded. C. Activities Captain John Bunch has joined. D. The missions of Operation Open Arms. 3.Which can best describe John Bunch’s personality? A. Ambitious and talented. B. Responsible and patient. C. Honest and determined. D. Warm-hearted and generous. 4.John Bunch didn’t accept George W. Bush’s invitation because___. A. he thought little of him B. he didn’t want to see him C. he had to take care of business D. he wanted to stay with veterans 【文章大意】釣魚向?qū)ohn Bunch不僅自己喜歡釣魚，而且還為美國退伍軍人安排很多次免費的釣魚之旅，并為他們提供一些其他的福利。 1.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Ever since Bunch met a young soldier in 2005, who wanted to go on a fishing trip before he left the army, the Florida native has offered over 1 200 fishing trips to veterans(退伍軍人), with all expenses paid"可知,2005年,Captain John Bunch遇上一個年輕的士兵，士兵說他希望退役前能來一次釣魚之旅。此后，Captain John Bunch為退伍軍人安排了1 200多次免費的釣魚之旅。故此題選A。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。從短文中John Bunch為退伍軍人安排免費的釣魚之旅,和"provides free weddings..."等可知，John Bunch不僅友好，具有強烈的助人為樂精神,而且還成立慈善機構(gòu)慷慨大方地幫助退伍軍人。故選D。 4.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"he once turned down an invitation from then-President George W. Bush, because he had already scheduled a fishing trip with one of his veterans"可知，John Bunch曾經(jīng)拒絕布什總統(tǒng)的邀請是因為他事先計劃要和退伍軍人一起去釣魚。