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細節(jié)理解題 真題題組 A (2017全國Ⅰ，B) I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking； survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (貓頭鷹)on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雛鳥)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and fortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all！ The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was acpanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH ！ The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 文章大意：這是一篇記敘文，講述了作者作為一個野生動物救助和教育機構(gòu)的志愿者，成功救助一只貓頭鷹雛鳥的經(jīng)歷。 ?　What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1？ __A__ A．Efforts made in vain. B．Getting injured in his work. C．Feeling uncertain about his future. D．Creatures forced out of their homes. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain”可知，救助野生動物有時會讓人感到心碎，因為即使努力挽救它們，也不能保證它們都會活下來。故選A。 ?　Why was the author called to Muttontown？ __C__ A．To rescue a woman. B．To take care of a woman. C．To look at a baby owl. D．To cure a young owl. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹)on the ground”可知，這位女士給作者打電話是為了讓他來看一看一只貓頭鷹雛鳥。故選C。 ?　What made the chick calm down？ __A__ A．A new nest. 　 B．Some food. C．A recording. D．Its parents. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and fortable...it quickly calmed down”可知，作者做的鳥巢非常舒服，所以把這只貓頭鷹雛鳥放進去后，它很快安靜下來。故選A。 ?　How would the author feel about the oute of the event？ __B__ A．It’s unexpected. B．It’s beautiful. C．It’s humorous. D．It’s discouraging. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段可知，通過播放貓頭鷹雛鳥饑餓時發(fā)出的叫聲的錄音，這只貓頭鷹雛鳥最終與它的父母團聚，而且它的父母開始給它喂食，再結(jié)合第一段最后一句“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful”可判斷，作者付出的努力沒有白費，因而結(jié)果是美好的。故選B。 B (2017北京，B) Inspiring young minds！ TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing，bringing a unique bination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. What is so special about TOKNOW Magazine？ Well，it has no ads or promotions inside—instead it is jam－packed with serious ideas.TOKNOW makes plex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can bee involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲學(xué))—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.　What’s inside？ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make—the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life. Sounds too good to be true？ Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and remend TOKNOW to their friends. Happy Birthday All Year！ What could be more fun than a gift that keeps ing through the letterbox every month？ The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— SUBSCRIBE NOW □Annual Subscription Europe ￡55 Rest of World ￡65 □Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map，a Passport Puzzle Booklet，and Subscription Europe ￡60 Rest of World ￡70 Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back. 文章大意：這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TOKNOW雜志的內(nèi)容、訂購價格和退訂等方面的信息。 ?　Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？ __D__ A．It entertains young parents. B．It provides serious advertisements. C．It publishes popular science fictions. D．It bines fun with plex concepts. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“a unique bination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month”可知，TOKNOW雜志的特殊之處在于它將趣味性與有挑戰(zhàn)性的、復(fù)雜的概念結(jié)合起來。故選D。 ?　What does TOKNOW offer its readers？ __B__ A．Online courses. B．Articles on new topics. C．Lectures on a balanced life. D．Reports on scientific discoveries. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)What’s inside？部分中的“Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make”可知，TOKNOW雜志刊載關(guān)于新話題的文章。故選B。 ?　How much should you pay if you make a 12－month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China. __D__ A．￡55. B．￡60. C．￡65. D．￡70. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Annual Subscription with Gift Pack部分中的“Rest of World ￡70”可知，在中國按年訂購有禮包的TOKNOW雜志需要￡70。故選D。 ?　Subscribers of TOKNOW would get __B__. A．free birthday presents B．full refund within 28 days C．membership of the TOKNOW club D．chances to meet the experts in person 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back”可知，28天之內(nèi)退訂的訂購者可以獲得全額退款。故選B。 C (2017浙江，B) Getting less sleep has bee a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(調(diào)查) by the National Sleep Foundation，51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7－to 12－year－olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day！ Adults need about eight hours.For most school－age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10－to 12－year－olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？ Watch TV. “More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities (機會)to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，” says Dr.Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm. Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago，schools in Edina，Minnesota，changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am.Students，parents and teachers are pleased with the results. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章指出美國孩子睡眠缺乏的問題，列舉了不同年齡段的孩子所需的睡眠時間、青少年晚睡的原因以及學(xué)校為解決青少年的睡眠問題所采取的措施。 ?　What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on？ __A__ A．American kids’ sleeping habits. B．Teenagers’ sleep－related diseases. C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D．Learning problems and lack of sleep. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段列舉的一系列數(shù)字可知，國家睡眠基金會對一定年齡段孩子的睡眠習(xí)慣進行了調(diào)查，這也呼應(yīng)了本段第一句“Getting less sleep has bee a bad habit for most American kids.”，故選A項。 　How many hours of sleep do 11－year－olds need every day？ __C__ A．7 hours. B．8 hours. C．10 hours. D．18 hours. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“For most school－age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”可知選C項。 　Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon？ __B__ A．They are affected by certain body chemicals. B．They tend to do things that excite them. C．They follow their parents’ examples. D．They don’t need to go to school early. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“More children are going to bed with TVs On，and there are more opportunities to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone..，”以及第二句“...these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知，孩子們在睡覺前看電視、寫作業(yè)、上網(wǎng)或打電話都容易讓他們產(chǎn)生興奮感而不愿意睡覺，故選B項。 D (2017全國Ⅲ，A) San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San_Francisco_Winery_Tour Running：February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price) Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request Duration (時長)： 2 hours Price： $ 90 Back_to_the_Fifties_Tour Running： August 16th through August 31 st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods，the 1950s！ Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pm Duration ：2 hours Price： $ 90 Spooky_Halloween_Tour Running： October 10th through October 31 st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服裝) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery： 6： 30 pm and 8： 30 pm Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes Price： Available upon request Holiday_Lights_Tour Running：December 6th through December 23rd This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了舊金山的四種消防車之旅。 　Which of the tours is available in March？ __A__ A．San Francisco Winery Tour. B．Back to the Fifties Tour. C．Spooky Halloween Tour. D．Holiday Lights Tour. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。題干問的是三月份可參加的旅行，而第一個項目San Francisco Winery Tour的時間是從2月1日到4月30日。故選A。 　What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？ __C__ A．Go to Treasure Island. B．Enjoy the holiday scenes. C．Have free ice cream. D．Visit the Presidio district. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。第二個項目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免費品嘗冰淇淋。而其他選項在這個旅行中沒有被提到。故選C。 　What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？ __D__ A．Take some drinks. B．Set off early in the morning. C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。第四個項目Holiday lights Tour的最后一句話提到“Advance reservations required”，由此可知，該旅行需要提前預(yù)訂。故選D。 E (2018全國Ⅱ，D) We’ve all been there： in a lift，in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or，worse，struggling with the unfortable silence. What’s the problem？ It’s possible that we all have promised conversational intelligence.It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging，or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers，consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy，but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease (潤滑劑) for social munication，says Bernardo Carducci，director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just municate with them.” In a 2014 study，Elizabeth Dunn，associate professor of psychology at UBC，invited people on their way into a coffee shop.One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互動) with its waiter； the other，to speak only when necessary.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband ，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (邊緣的)members of our social network matter for our well－being also.” Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says. 文章大意：研究表明，閑聊對于人際交往起著重要的作用。 　What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph？ __C__ A．Addiction to smartphones. B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C．Absence of munication between strangers. D．Impatience with slow service. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。文章第一段描述了在公共場所人們之間不互相交流的現(xiàn)象，本段中的“unfortable silence”與選項C中的“Absence of munication”相呼應(yīng)。 　What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？ __B__ A．Showing good manners. B．Relating to other people. C．Focusing on a topic. D．Making business deals. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just municate with them”可知，Carducci認為成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵在于學(xué)會與其他人溝通。 　What does the coffee－shop study suggest about small talk？ __D__ A．It improves family relationships. B．It raises people’s confidence. C．It matters as much as a formal talk. D．It makes people feel good. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句“The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience”可知，閑聊使得人們感覺良好。故選D項。 　What is the best title for the text？ __C__ A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Unfortable Silence 解析：考查標題判斷。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了閑聊在人際交往中的重要作用。故C項作本文標題最佳。 模擬題組 A (2018石家莊二模) Best Science Books of 2017 At its heart，science is about curiosity.So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely，and in doing so，give you a sense of wonder. Big Chicken，by Maryn McKenna Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics (抗生素) transformed modern agriculture—for good and ill.She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，causing serious problems from antibiotic－resistant stomach infections to UTIs.Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken no matter what，McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics. Why Time Flies，by Alan Burdick The New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.Time，he writes，appears to exist in two distinct forms.One is the standardized，objective kind found in clocks and watches； the other is our internal，biological sense of time，the one we measure in our cells，bodies and minds.But the closer he looks，the less clear this distinction appears. Paleoart，by Zoё Lescaze Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike，and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity. These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibility of their time.Both artistic and educational，these pictures are certainly influential. What It’s Like to Be a Dog，by Gregory Berns Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals，from sea lions to the extinct thylacine(袋狼).Berns says，“ With their ability to think，choose and feel，dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.” 文章大意：本文是說明文，介紹了2017年四本最佳科學(xué)圖書——Big Chicken，Why Time Flies，Paleoart和What It’s Like to Be a Dog的作者、簡介等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 ?　Which book has something to do with public health？ __A__ A．Big Chicken. B．Why Time Flies. C．Paleoart. D．What It’s Like to Be a Dog. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞health定位到第一本書Big Chicken。根據(jù)該部分中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，causing serious problems from antibiotic－resistant stomach infections to UTIs”可知，這本書是有關(guān)人類健康的。故答案是A。 ?　Who writes about time？ __B__ A．Maryn McKenna. B．Alan Burdick. C．Zoё Lescaze. D．Gregory Berns. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞time定位到第二本書Why Time Flies。根據(jù)書名右側(cè)的“by Alan Burdick”可知答案是B。 ?　What was Bern’ pioneering work？ __C__ A．Training dogs. B．Studying extinct animals. C．Observing dog brains. D．Fighting for animal rights. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Berns’ pioneering work定位到第四本書What It’s Like to Be a Dog。該部分中的“That pioneering work”指向“in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time”，故這項開創(chuàng)性的工作是觀察狗的大腦，故答案是C。 B (2018太原市二模) Located in Los Angeles，University of Southern California is in the heart of a leading city.Although LA ranks highly in The Economist’s Safe Cities Inde，navigating any city calls for certain safety precautions(預(yù)防措施) along with practicing mon sense. Mobile Safety App Powered by LiveSafe The Mobile Safety App powered by LiveSafe，managed by the USC Department of Public Safety and the USC Department of Emergency Planning，is a free downloadable app that mobile users can use to initiate contact with emergency responders around the campus.Features include： immediate “push button” calls to DPS，easy reporting for suspicious activity or crimes in progress，and location services to notify friends of your route through campus. Blue Light Phone Locations The University Park has multiple blue light phones that are strategically placed throughout campus.Take note of where the closest ones are on your route.They e in handy in case you lose your phone or in an emergency.These phones are directly connected to USC Department of Public Safety’s 24－h(huán)our munications center.Besides emergency needs，it can also be used to report suspicious activity，request for an escort (護衛(wèi)者) if you feel unsafe and to report a crime. TrojansAlert TrojansAlert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text messages or email.When an emergency occurs，authorized USC senders will instantly notify you of real－time updates，instructions on where to go，what to do(or what not to do)，whom to contact and other important information.All members of the USC munity，as well as parents and regular visitors to campus，are strongly encouraged to sign up for TrojansAlert. 文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了洛杉磯南加利福尼亞大學(xué)在校園里采取的一系列安全預(yù)防措施，包括在手機中免費下載安全應(yīng)用軟件、在校園內(nèi)安裝藍光電話等。 ?　What do blue light phones do for students？ __D__ A．Guide students through campus. B．Alert students to crime activities. C．Light up the way if students feel unsafe. D．Connect them with the safety department. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第四句“These phones are directly connected to USC Department of Public Safety’s 24－h(huán)our munications center”可知，這些藍光電話和南加利福尼亞大學(xué)公共安全部24小時保持聯(lián)系，故D項正確。 ?　How does USC send out instructions during an emergency？ __B__ A．With blue light phones. B．Via text messages or email. C．Through Mobile Safety App. D．By calling all USC members. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“TrojansAlert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text messages or email”并結(jié)合第二句內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)發(fā)生緊急情況時，大學(xué)官員將通過發(fā)送電子郵件或短信來聯(lián)系你，故B項正確。 ?　What is the purpose of the text？ __C__ A．To encourage students to fight crime. B．To introduce USC’s safety department. C．To provide safety services for USC students. D．To inform parents of safety risks on campus. 解析：考查寫作意圖。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了洛杉磯南加利福尼亞大學(xué)在校園里采取的一系列安全預(yù)防措施，包括在手機中免費下載安全應(yīng)用軟件、在校園內(nèi)安裝藍光電話等，故C項正確。 C (2018廣州市二模) Zoo Exhibit Game Each animal exhibit will have information about the animals located there.You will get to learn about each animal’s habitat，their conservation status and some oth