2019高考英語(yǔ) 重難增分篇 第三講 名詞性從句講與練 新人教版.doc

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第三講　名詞性從句 第一課時(shí)　知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)課 1.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；為使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 2.表語(yǔ)從句還可以用as if，as though引導(dǎo)。 3.表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用if或whether，但在介詞后或直接與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句或位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether，不用if。 4.同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名詞之后，說(shuō)明或解釋這些抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容。多用that引導(dǎo)，不能由which引導(dǎo)。 5.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句又帶有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 6.在表示“建議”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等詞后的名詞性從句，其謂語(yǔ)通常用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。 7.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不作任何句子成分；但that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它代表先行詞，而且在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 I still remember the promise that__he__made. 我依然記得他許下的諾言。(定語(yǔ)從句) The naughty boy made a promise that__he__would__never__make__a__noise. 那個(gè)淘氣的男孩保證說(shuō)他以后再也不吵鬧了。(同位語(yǔ)從句) 8.what可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋that”，表示“(所)……的”。 What(＝The__thing__that) you said was right. 你所說(shuō)的是正確的。 讀語(yǔ)篇，悟語(yǔ)法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線和黑體部分，思考：畫線部分在全句中作何種成分，即是什么從句，該從句為什么要由這個(gè)黑體詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 What__worries__my__classmate__Mary__a__lot__these__days[1] is that__she__ puts__on__too__much__weight__and__she__is__frequently__ill[2].She has some doubts whether__she__eats__too__much__fast__food__high__in__fat__or__sugar[3]. Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she bees more stressful and she couldn’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is also the cause that she bees fatter these days[4]，she thinks.How she bees Slimmer and healthier[5] has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions__and__who__will__give__her__better__advice[6] also puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital[7].Professor Wang suggests that__she__keep__a__balanced diet__first[8].She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What’s more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise[9].Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports.Thanks to Professor Wang，Mary has bee much healthier now. 1.主語(yǔ)從句。What (＝the thing that)在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。 2.表語(yǔ)從句。從句本身意思完整，也不缺任何句子成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。 3.同位語(yǔ)從句。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明doubt的具體內(nèi)容，因doubt(疑惑)的意思本身是不確定的，故由whether引導(dǎo)。 4.同位語(yǔ)從句。說(shuō)明the cause的具體內(nèi)容。 5.主語(yǔ)從句。表示“如何”變得苗條些和更健康些。 6.主語(yǔ)從句。去“哪里”咨詢、向“誰(shuí)”咨詢，故分別由where，who引導(dǎo)。 7.同位語(yǔ)從句。說(shuō)明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容，從句內(nèi)容完整也不缺任何句子成分，故由that引導(dǎo)。 8.賓語(yǔ)從句。從句內(nèi)容完整也不缺句子成分，故由that引導(dǎo)。 9.賓語(yǔ)從句。when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空) 1.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life. 2.After five hours’ drive, they reached what they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. 3.Father made a promise that if I passed the exam he would buy me a bike. 4.It was true that what she did delighted every one of us. 5.That we need more practice is quite clear. 6.It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 7.Whether you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on what you do and how you do it. 8.What the doctor is uncertain about is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 9.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 10.Whether__the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并改正。) 1.Exactly how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.how→when 2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s when I was born.”when→where 3.“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is that my mother used to tell me.that→what 4.It makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.It→What 5.From space，the earth looks blue.This is how about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.how→because 6.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.在he前加that 7.As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whatever suits you best.whatever→whichever 8.It doesn’t matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.if→whether 9.Our teachers always tell us to believe in that what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.去掉that 10.When the news came how the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.how→that Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇填空(在下列空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語(yǔ)意通順。) I like reading very much.My classmates’ question is 1.________ I began to love reading.Actually，I love reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I meant was 2.________ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read.3.________ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.My love of reading was credited with the fact 4.________ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.It’s not really surprising 5.________ literature became my vocation. Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women’s legends.Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.6.________ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall，her research showed me the answer.She argued 7.________ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment.After finishing her story，I still have some doubts 8.________ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest.Lin Qiaozhi，a doctor，became a specialist in women’s illnesses.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.9.________ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.10.________ she didn’t choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　作者介紹了自己喜歡閱讀的原因及最近閱讀的情況。 1.when　[表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)下一句“I love reading as a child.”可知用when引導(dǎo)。] 2.that　[表語(yǔ)從句。that不作句子成分，但不能省略。] 3.That　[主語(yǔ)從句。] 4.that　[同位語(yǔ)從句。說(shuō)明the fact的具體內(nèi)容。] 5.that　[主語(yǔ)從句。it作形式主語(yǔ)。] 6.Whether　[主語(yǔ)從句。] 7.that　[賓語(yǔ)從句。that在這里不作成分，可以省略。] 8.how　[同位語(yǔ)從句。指“怎樣成功的”，故用how。] 9.What　[主語(yǔ)從句。what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。] 10.Why　[主語(yǔ)從句。why在這里表原因。] 第二課時(shí)　高考研究課 名詞性從句在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 根據(jù)連接詞在名詞性從句中所作的句子成分來(lái)確定選用什么連接詞： 1.若在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用連接代詞，若作狀語(yǔ)用連接副詞； 2.如果不作成分則要考慮從句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不作成分且從句意思完整則用that。 真題驗(yàn)證1 1.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 答案　how　[賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，how thick意為：多么厚。] 2.I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(廣東卷) 答案　why　[賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，意為：為什么。] 3.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江蘇卷改編) 答案　that　[同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，不作句子成分。] 4.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京卷改編) 答案　How　[主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意為：怎么樣。] 5.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京卷改編) 答案　that　[表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，不作句子成分，只起連接作用。] 6.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for.(2015安徽卷改編) 答案　what　[表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“the reason that/which...”。] 7.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津卷改編) 答案　that　[同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，只起連接作用，不作句子成分。] 8.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.(重慶卷改編) 答案　why　[同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，在句子中作原因狀語(yǔ)，意為：為什么。] 名詞性從句在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.根據(jù)句子成分判斷連詞是否正確； 2.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷連詞的缺失及多余。 真題驗(yàn)證2 1.After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　where→that或去掉where　[found后的賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺少任何語(yǔ)法成分。] 2.Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.(湖南卷改編)________ 答案　that→how　[句子中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，how close意為：多么近。] 3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.(四川卷)________ 答案　去掉when　[連詞多余；notice后面的句子不缺少語(yǔ)法成分，故只需要that引導(dǎo)。] 4.“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.(遼寧卷)________ 答案　which→what　[連詞錯(cuò)用，which意為：哪一個(gè)；what意為：所……。] 第三課時(shí)　寫作增分課 名詞性從句在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、掌握好引導(dǎo)詞that的省略與不省略 1.他的成功是因?yàn)樗麨楸荣愖隽顺浞值臏?zhǔn)備。(his success, lie in the fact, be well prepared) His__success__lies__in__the__fact__that__he__was__well__prepared__for__the__exam. 2.他近來(lái)沒(méi)有盡最大努力，我們都很清楚。(do one’s best, recently, be obvious to) That__he__hasn’t__been__doing__his__best__recently__is__obvious__to__us__all. 3.在我看來(lái)，這個(gè)公寓很完美，除去窗戶稍微有點(diǎn)小外。(personally, perfect, except that) Personally,__the__apartment__is__perfect__except__that__its__windows__are__a__bit__too__small. 4.從你們發(fā)布在網(wǎng)站的廣告我知道，你們學(xué)校發(fā)展很快，你們想要聘用能說(shuō)一口流利英語(yǔ)的人。(advertisement/ad, post, website, develop, rapidly, employ, fluently) From__the__ad__you__post__on__the__website,__I__know__that__your__school__is__developing__rapidly__and__that__you__want__to__employ__someone__who__can__speak__English__fluently. 5.一直困擾我的是，我不知道該如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(trouble, deal with) What__has__been__troubling__me__is__that__I__don’t__know__how__to__deal__with__the__problem. 6.使我們這個(gè)學(xué)校特別的是，它的大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生都被名校錄取。(make...special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges) What__makes__our__school__special__is__that__most__of__its__graduates__are__admitted__to__famous__colleges. 二、what從句在寫作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)表達(dá) 1.我們有許多共同的地方。他喜歡什么，我就喜歡什么；他討厭什么，我也討厭什么。(have a lot in mon, love, hate) We__have__a__lot__in__mon.I__love__what__he__loves__and__hate__what__he__hates. 2.近幾年，我們的學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化，已經(jīng)不再是過(guò)去的樣子了。(great changes, take place, what it used to be) In__the__past__few__years,__great__changes__have__taken__place__in__our__school__and__it__is__no__longer__what__it__used__to__be. 3.如果我們想成功，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信我們做的事情，相信我們自己。(succeed, believe in what we do, who we are) We__should__believe__in__what__we__do__and__who__we__are__if__we__are__to__succeed. 三、用好whatever, however等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.我們必須盡一切努力來(lái)保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。(do whatever it takes) We__must__do__whatever__it__takes__to__protect__our__environment. 2.無(wú)論誰(shuí)想成功，都必須盡最大的努力。(whoever, succeed, do one’s best) Whoever__wants__to__succeed__must__do__his__best. 3.如果能找到任何適合你的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你的學(xué)習(xí)效率就可能明顯提高。(whatever, learning method, learning efficiency, improve remarkably) If__you__can__find__whatever__learning__method__(that)__suits__you,__your__learning__efficiency__is__likely__to__improve__remarkably. 四、使用含有名詞性從句的感嘆句使語(yǔ)言聽(tīng)起來(lái)更地道 1.你很難想象我在學(xué)英語(yǔ)中遇到多么大的困難。(you can’t imagine, have difficulty in doing sth) You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__I__have__in__learning__English. 2.我的家鄉(xiāng)與過(guò)去相比有多么大的不同?。?how different, my hometown, what it used to be) How__different__my__hometown__is__from__what__it__used__to__be! 3.那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我犯了一個(gè)多么大的錯(cuò)誤。(It was then that, realize, what a terrible mistake) It__was__then__that__I__realized__what__a__terrible__mistake__I__had__made. 4.我認(rèn)為他們沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題有多嚴(yán)重。(how serious) I__don’t__think__they__have__realized__how__serious__the__problem__is. 5.直到那時(shí)我才認(rèn)識(shí)到，他是一個(gè)多么好的朋友。(it was not until then) It__was__not__until__then__that__I__realized__what__a__good__friend__he__was.