2018-2019學(xué)年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 24 Society高考試卷分塊專練 北師大版選修8.doc

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Unit 24 Society 高考試卷分塊專練 第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A Most foodies (吃貨) agree that eating healthy food is important.But sometimes making good food choices can be tough.Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences. Cheese & Wine Pairing app Wine and cheese can be a great bination.But which wines go best with which cheeses？Max McCalmans Cheese & Wine Pairing can help.It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each.Max McCalmans Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads. Calorific app What does 200 calories look like？It can be hard to picture.Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food.The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food.The app is free for iPads and iPhones.There is also a version that provides more information for a price. HappyCow app Vegetarians do not eat animal meat.Vegans do not eat any animal products.HappyCow is made for both groups.Users can search for vegetarianvegan restaurants and stores around the world.A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection. LocalEats app Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel.But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals.LocalEats is designed for that.It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area.The app costs about a dollar. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了四款與飲食有關(guān)的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，它們可以幫助吃貨們充分了解他們的飲食，幫助他們健康節(jié)食以及提高他們在外吃飯的質(zhì)量。 21．If people want to go on a diet, they need ________. A．Cheese & Wine Pairing　 　B．LocalEats C．Calorific D．HappyCow 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Calorific app部分的“The pictures can help people on a diet ...”可知，Calorific app能幫助要節(jié)食的人。故選C項。 22．How is LocalEats different from the other apps? A．It is made for groups. B．It is not free for iPhones or Android. C．It is designed for travelers. D．It is not available for vegetarians. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“The app costs about a dollar.”可知，LocalEats app需要付費(fèi)，再根據(jù)Cheese & Wine Pairing app部分的“Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads”；Calorific app部分的“The app is free for iPads and iPhones.”及HappyCow app部分的“A free version of HappyCow is available for Android”可知，其他三款應(yīng)用程序均可免費(fèi)使用。故選B項。 23．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To help people choose free restaurants. B．To advertise the best apps for iPhones. C．To introduce some healthy eating habits. D．To inform foodies of some useful apps. 解析：選D　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)首段中主題句“Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.”以及四個小標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞app可判斷，本文的主要目的是為吃貨們提供有用的應(yīng)用程序。故選D項。 B (2018陜西黃陵中學(xué)模擬)There are good reasons not to use a traditional credit card online. Shopping online increases the odds that someone will steal your credit card number. And the buynowpaylater aspect of credit cards encourages some people to dangerously overspend. But the online economy is very much a credit card economy. If youre going to buy a song, book, or just anything online, youll be expected to enter a credit card number. Fortunately, there are options. Before we get to the good options, lets discuss an obvious but very bad one: your ATM card. Sure, it has a 16digit number and can be used as a credit card. But its a debit card, with the money ing out of your bank account immediately with each charge. If a thief gets your number, he or she could empty your account before you know what happened. Not so with a real credit card, where you pay nothing until you see the monthly bill and can challenge doubtful charges. Instead, ask your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchases, and keep only a small amount in that account. The account would need its own ATM card, with its own credit card number. Just make sure this account lacks overdraft protection; you dont want money moving automatically from your real account into this one. Another option: Sign up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank account. The payment service of Paypal can give you a debit card that you can use in place of a credit card. Finally, you can use gift cards, which you can buy at oldfashioned brickandmortar stores (實體店). You can even buy these with cash. I found gift cards for various prepaid amounts for Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Ebay, and others. They also sell prepaid Visa cards, which you could purchase for any amount between ＄20 and＄500. 語篇解讀：我們有足夠的理由不使用傳統(tǒng)的信用卡網(wǎng)購，因為那很容易讓某些人偷走我們的信用卡號，我們的賬戶就會面臨被刷空的風(fēng)險。那么如何既適應(yīng)網(wǎng)購大潮，又保護(hù)好自己的金錢呢？本文提出了幾種不直接用傳統(tǒng)信用卡進(jìn)行網(wǎng)購的做法。 24．The underlined word “odds” in Paragraph probably means “________”． A．riches B．chances C．a(chǎn)bilities D．responsibilities 解析：選B　詞義推測題。根據(jù)被猜詞前面的increases一詞以及后面that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that someone will steal your credit card number 可知，網(wǎng)上購物增加了他人盜走你的信用卡號的可能性，故本題選擇B項“可能性”。A項意為“財富”；C項意為“能力”；D項意為“責(zé)任”。 25．Which is NOT true of an ATM card from the passage? A．It can be used as a credit card. B．It has a 16digit number. C．It is a debit card. D．It is oldfashioned. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Sure, it has a 16digit number and can be used as a credit card. But its a debit card”可知，A、B與C項都與ATM card“金融卡”有關(guān)，而D項在文中未提及。 26．Which are the right options to shop online without a credit card? a．keeping a large amount in your secondary account b．signing up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank account c．using gift cards bought at oldfashioned brickandmortar stores d．a(chǎn)sking your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchases A．a(chǎn)，b，c B．a(chǎn)，b，d C．a(chǎn)，c，d D．b，c，d 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“keep only a small amount in that account”可知，a項中l(wèi)arge一詞錯誤，故正確答案中不應(yīng)該包括a，故本題選擇D項。 27．What would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Shop Online Without a Traditional Credit Card B．Why We Shouldnt Use a Credit Card Online C．Several Ways to Shop Online Efficiently D．What Sites Sell Prepaid Visa Cards 解析：選A　標(biāo)題歸納題。 第一段第一句提出不要用傳統(tǒng)的信用卡進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上購物，最后一句提出有其他選擇可以取代這種支付形式；其余五段接著說明了具體的替代方式，也就是不用傳統(tǒng)的信用卡卻能進(jìn)行網(wǎng)購的做法，故本題選擇A項。C項意為“高效率網(wǎng)購的幾種做法”，與本文內(nèi)容不符，故排除。 C Robert Ballard was born in 1942.Form an early age, he loved the sea.Ballard grew up in Southern California.He spent his free time at the beach near his home.He enjoyed fishing and swimming.He even learned to dive. When Ballard wasnt at the ocean, he loved reading about it.At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.His parents helped him follow his dream. Ballard was a hardworking student.He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean.By the age of 28, he was an expert.In 1970, he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals.These animals lived far below the oceans surface, where scientists had believed no animals could live. By the 1980s, Ballards interests changed.He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom.His first find, the wellknown ship Titanic, made Ballard famous.He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked for — and found — other wellknown ships.One was the German battleship Bismarck.Another was the USS Yorktown, an aircraft carrier (航空母艦) that sank during World War Ⅱ. Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer.He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science.Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps.After all, the worlds huge oceans are mostly unknown.Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea? 語篇解讀：本文介紹了海底探險家羅伯特巴拉德的人生經(jīng)歷，包括他小時候的理想、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷以及長大后的成就。 28．What was Ballards dream when he was young? A．To be an animal expert. B．To be a professional diver. C．To be a famous writer. D．To be an underwater explorer. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德小時候的夢想是做一名海底探險者。故選D項。 29．When Ballard worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, he________. A．explored mountains with other scientists B．thought of ideas to predict underwater volcanoes C．found some unknown sea animals alone D．developed unmanned vehicles to change interests 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，巴拉德在伍茲霍爾海洋研究所工作時，提出了預(yù)測海底火山的方法。故選B項。 30．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The Unknown Ocean World B．A Hardworking Student C．The Life of an Undersea Explorer D．An Underwater Exploration 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章的時間線索可知，本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了海底探險家羅伯特巴拉德的人生經(jīng)歷。故選C項。 31．Which of the following is TRUE about Ballard according to the passage? A．Ballard set up an organization to teach students science. B．Ballard has explored more than half of the worlds oceans. C．Ballard disappointed his parents at his undersea adventures. D．Ballard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德受《海底兩萬里》這本書的影響很大。故選D項。 D (2018天津河北區(qū)質(zhì)檢)Sometimes having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink, wear strange hairdos and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks. Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what explains their risky behavior? According to Laurence Steinberg, a professor at Temple University, US, the reason is that teens care a lot about how their peers (同齡人) view them — thats the effect of “peer influence”， reported Science Daily. As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates and also bee more sensitive to their feedback (反饋). This sensitivity drives teenagers to concentrate on the shortterm benefits of making risky choices and overlook the costs. In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they tended to drive more safely. Why does pressure from peers have such a big influence on teens behavior? As Steinberg sees it, a teenagers brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油門) but a weak brake (剎車). The “accelerator”， the brains ability to notice the benefits of things, is fully developed by teenage years while the “brake”， the brain part related to controlling impulses (沖動) and longterm thinking, is still immature. When teens are under the pressure of being judged by their peers, they tend to push hard on the accelerator. Given how weak the brake is, it is likely that they are going to end up in a crash. But the good news here, according to Steinberg, is that a violent teenager doesnt necessarily bee a violent adult. About twothirds to threequarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more selfcontrolled，” Steinberg told Live Science. Also, people who havent mitted a violent crime by age 19 are less likely to start doing it later, added Steinberg. 語篇解讀：家里有個問題青年是件令人頭疼的事情，可是這些暴力青年在長大后并不一定會成為暴力成年人。 32．The underlined word “irrational” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”． A．crazy B．quick C．careful D．independent 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。結(jié)合第一段可知青少年可能會做出一些瘋狂的決定。irrational與crazy意思相近。 33．Why are teenagers likely to take risks according to the text? A．They are too young to tell right from wrong. B．They are eager to challenge themselves. C．They care a lot about what their peers think of them. D．Their brains are more sensitive to thrilling events. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“teens care a lot about how their peers (同齡人) view them”可知選項C正確。 34．How does Steinberg explain the influence of peer pressure on teens behavior? A．By performing an indepth analysis. B．By giving examples. C．By using a metaphor (比喻)． D．By presenting research findings. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“As Steinberg sees it, a teenagers brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油門) but a weak brake (剎車)．”可知選項C正確。 35．According to the text, with peers around them, teenagers tend to ________. A．use more selfcontrol B．bee more careful about what they do C．perform better than when they are alone D．focus more on shortterm benefits 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning.”可知選項D正確。 第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) American teenagers are driving less than ever before. Surveys of American youngsters show that young people in America prefer to spend their time online, chatting with their friends or playing games on the Internet rather than cruising (漫游) around in their cars. __36__ For generations cars have been a symbol of freedom and Americas most important pastime. You had to have a car at an early age if you wanted to be cool. As gas prices are increasing, car driving is being more expensive. For almost half of the generation between 18 and 26, having good Internet access is more important than owning a car. __37__There they can chat, exchange photos and play games together. The golden age of the 50s and 60s, in which teenagers drove around just for the fun of it, is gone. In those days a shiny new car was something to boast about. It showed who you were. Among the baby boomers of the postWorld War Ⅱ era, 85% wanted their own cars. __38__ In 2010 the figure dropped to only 30%. Today driving is not as much fun as it was in the 50s and 60s when there was not so much traffic. __39__ In the golden age cars were everything young people had so they just got into them and drove off as soon as they got home from school. Another reason for the decrease in teenage driving may be stricter driving tests and the fact that 16yearolds must be acpanied by licensed drivers over 21. But not only teenagers have been driving less. A study shows that Americans of all ages have cut down car use, mostly because gas prices have been going up since 2007. __40__ It has more cars per person than any other country in the world. A．Seldom can they pass the driving test easily. B．America, however, remains a country of automobiles. C．And you didnt have to pay so much attention on the roads. D．The car as a status symbol is not as important for them as it used to be. E．Young adults of today dont meet their friends in person but via the Internet. F．More and more teenagers tend to devote their time and energy to playing puter games. G．In 1978, half of all 16yearolds got their driving licenses as soon as they had reached that age. 語篇解讀：隨著油價的上漲以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，越來越多的美國年輕人寧愿花時間上網(wǎng)也不愿意開著車到處閑逛了。 36．解析：選D　上一句提到如今美國的年輕人寧愿花時間上網(wǎng)也不愿意開著車到處轉(zhuǎn)，因此D項(對年輕人來說，作為身份象征的車已經(jīng)不再如以前那樣重要了)既總結(jié)上文，又點明文章主題，符合語境。 37．解析：選E　下一句提到在網(wǎng)上，他們可以聊天、互換照片，也可以一起打游戲，因此E項(現(xiàn)在的年輕人不再面對面交流，而是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系)在此引出下文。 38．解析：選G　下一句提到在2010年這個數(shù)字下降到了30%，因此G項(在1978年，大約半數(shù)的16歲孩子一到這個年齡就拿到了駕照)與下一句形成對比，說明現(xiàn)在開車的年輕人不如過去多這一事實。 39．解析：選C　上一句提到在五六十年代，路上沒有那么多的車，因此C項(并且那時你也沒必要如此注意路上的車)與上文語意一致，說明了五六十年代的道路和行車狀況。 40．解析：選B　上一句提到不僅是孩子，美國各個年齡段的人對汽車的使用都在減少；下一句提到美國人均擁有車的數(shù)量仍然是最多的。因此，B項(然而美國仍是一個汽車之國)既與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，又引出下一句的論述。 第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) Presently selfie (自拍) is popular among many young persons, even some elders. Danny Bowman was so crazy about it in order to attract girls when he was at school.He spent 10 hours a day __41__ more than 200 selfies trying to find the __42__ one. He would take 10 photos of __43__ before he washed and would go __44__ class secretly three times every hour. At 16, he dropped out of school __45__ he could throw himself into his addiction, and he ate __46__. He did not leave his house for six months, and when he failed to take the perfect picture, he tried to __47__ himself by taking an overdose (過度用藥). His mother, Penny, __48__ to save him, and forced him to ask for help after his addiction had bee __49__. The 19yearold boy, believed to be Britains first selfie __50__， is now under special treatment __51__. He has not taken a picture of himself in seven months and has __52__ that achieving perfection is __53__. He told the Sunday Mirror, “I was constantly __54__ the perfect selfie and when I realized I couldnt, I wanted to die. I __55__ my friends, my education, my health and almost my life. The only thing I __56__ about was having my phone with me so that I could satisfy the desire for a picture of myself at any time of the day.”He expressed his __57__ to the doctors and said their help kept him __58__ and called on others to ask for help __59__ they ended up in hospital. One psychologist at a clinic __60__ Danny was treated said the addiction to taking selfies has now bee a mental illness. 語篇解讀： 本文主要談?wù)摰氖亲耘姆浅Ｊ軞g迎，許多年輕人因追求完美的自拍而上癮，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為一種心理疾病。 41．A.getting　　　　　　　　 　B．making C．taking D．having 解析：選C　他一天要花十個小時自拍。take selfies“自拍”。 42．A.good B．perfect C．beautiful D．fortable 解析：選B　并努力找出最完美的那一張。 43．A.himself B．his teacher C．the classroom D．others 解析：選A　根據(jù)語境可知是自拍，故選A。 44．A.into　　 B．a(chǎn)way C．inside　　 D．out of 解析：選D　上課時每個小時偷偷地溜出去三次，go out of“出去”。 45．A.because B．so that C．but D．a(chǎn)s if 解析：選B　在16歲時他輟學(xué)了，以便完全投入到自拍中。 46．A.faster B．more C．slower D．less 解析：選D　為了拍出完美的照片，他吃的東西也更少了。 47．A.surprise B．calm C．kill D．thank 解析：選C　當(dāng)他找不出完美的照片時，他試圖過度用藥自殺。kill oneself“自殺”。 48．A.failed B．managed C．succeeded D．decided 解析：選B　他媽媽救下了他。manage to do sth.“成功做成某事”。 49．A.in order B．out of date C．under control D．out of control 解析：選D　他自拍上癮失控后，他媽媽強(qiáng)迫他去尋求幫助。in order“有序”；out of date“過時”；under control“處于控制之下”；out of control“失去控制”。 50．A.killer B．a(chǎn)ddict C．winner D．loser 解析：選B　19歲的他被認(rèn)為是首例自拍上癮者。 51．A.in hospital B．a(chǎn)t home C．a(chǎn)t school D．a(chǎn)t work 解析：選A　現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受特殊的治療。 52．A.recognized B．expected C．realized D．imagined 解析：選C　七個月之內(nèi)他沒有自拍過，已經(jīng)意識到得到完美(的自拍)是不可能的。 53．A.unpleasant B．impossible C．possible D．necessary 解析：選B　根據(jù)語境可知，得到完美的自拍是不可能的。 54．A.in search of B．in need of C．in memory of D．in favor of 解析：選A　句意：我一直在尋找完美的自拍，當(dāng)我意識到我不能找到時，我就想死。in search of“尋找”；in need of“需要”；in memory of“紀(jì)念”；in favor of“支持”。 55．A.missed B．left C．lost D．got 解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，自拍使他失去了很多。 56．A.dreamed B．talked C．cared D．worried 解析：選C　他唯一關(guān)心的是隨身攜帶手機(jī)。care about “關(guān)心”。 57．A.sadness B．happiness C．regret D．thanks 解析：選D　他向醫(yī)生表達(dá)了自己的感謝。 58．A.patient B．a(chǎn)live C．wise D．wealthy 解析：選B　他說是他們的幫助使他仍然活著。 59．A.after B．until C．while D．before 解析：選D　他呼吁他人在自拍上癮到住院治療之前就要尋求幫助。 60．A.where B．which C．how D．when 解析：選A　他正在接受治療的診所的一位心理學(xué)家說自拍上癮現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為心理疾病。 第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分) Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I__61__ (live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap__62__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town. People who visited me used to ask me__63__ I could sleep.“Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to__64__ much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy__65__. But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short__66__ cash and couldnt afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take__67__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always f