本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 外 文 資 料 翻 譯系 別：工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)：機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名：學(xué) 號(hào)：外文資料翻譯譯文農(nóng)業(yè)車間的設(shè)計(jì)介紹我設(shè)計(jì)的是新布局的土著學(xué)校的農(nóng)業(yè)部大樓。目前,該地區(qū)的學(xué)校超過(guò) 40 年的歷史,所有的房子類的部門(mén)的設(shè)施是舊的和過(guò)時(shí)的，和新學(xué)校是不同的,教室將是最先進(jìn)的,較另一個(gè) 40 年的。我的項(xiàng)目將給設(shè)計(jì)部門(mén)用于建設(shè)的思路，給老師一個(gè)設(shè)備清單和設(shè)計(jì)。他們會(huì)知道每臺(tái)機(jī)器應(yīng)放置在哪個(gè)空間教室,保持教室對(duì)學(xué)生安全。建造設(shè)計(jì)商店前讓老師知道機(jī)器將被放置在什么房間，可以允許多少學(xué)生和教師走動(dòng),使空間并不過(guò)于緊密,而沒(méi)有工作空間。這種設(shè)計(jì)將使教室的設(shè)計(jì)更完美。文獻(xiàn)綜述農(nóng)業(yè)商店在高中是一個(gè)有多重目的設(shè)計(jì)。它將教學(xué)生從叫工具到先進(jìn)制造和設(shè)計(jì)。商店為學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)做任何事情,包括使用地方機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)和制造產(chǎn)品所使用的東西。在困難時(shí)期技術(shù)和職業(yè)技能變得越來(lái)越重要,因?yàn)槿藗儫o(wú)法支付，由人來(lái)解決一切。這家商店還提供一個(gè)中心位置存儲(chǔ)和跟蹤工具。新商店,高校農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)將有能力修復(fù)和建設(shè)幾乎任何他們的欲望。工廠設(shè)置重要方面在規(guī)劃一個(gè)商店空間需求,設(shè)備布局和訪問(wèn)所有地區(qū)的商店、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、電氣、通風(fēng)和其他設(shè)施。商店的大小將調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)器的數(shù)量就可以了購(gòu)買和放置。室外區(qū)域也將提供一個(gè)更大的工作區(qū)域不僅僅是在商店。工具和設(shè)備需要在一個(gè)地方容易達(dá)到方便,讓它更容易在商店工作。電氣方面的商店將是非常復(fù)雜的和精心策劃的。一個(gè)電子服務(wù) 200 安培,240 伏特是最低推薦，電霍夫曼說(shuō),此服務(wù)將提供機(jī)器和力量給運(yùn)行的工具。使用單獨(dú)的電路對(duì)?馬力,沒(méi)有汽車兩個(gè)以上的汽車電路。焊工需要 50 安培或更大的 240 伏插座，因?yàn)橛性S多焊工會(huì)有 240 家分店。接地故障阻斷者需要在任何地方可以弄濕或建筑物的外面。這些媒體阻止用戶大仇。照明在商店里計(jì)劃提供足夠的照明在整個(gè)商店,隨時(shí)可以做一天的工作還是夜晚。電工和電子核查人員將任何前檢查接線最終確定。通風(fēng)的商店將會(huì)需要它自己的計(jì)劃和焊接區(qū)域提供足夠的排氣，排氣罩焊接氣體和煙霧從創(chuàng)建焊接。工具長(zhǎng)椅和存儲(chǔ)部分是非常重要的保持組織和工具訪問(wèn)。組織工具的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法是開(kāi)掛在墻板和概述個(gè)人工具。這樣你可以看一眼董事會(huì),看看什么是失蹤的很快。分組似的工具將發(fā)現(xiàn)更容易當(dāng)尋找一個(gè)特定的工具工具。膠合板或木栓板可以用來(lái)掛在墻上的工具。這些將提供足夠的厚度將螺絲旋進(jìn)或釘子掛的工具。工作臺(tái)應(yīng)該是 34 - 38英寸高和調(diào)整的主要用戶的高度。板凳上深度通常是 24 - 30 英寸,應(yīng)該安全地固定。這些長(zhǎng)凳將覆蓋著鋼鐵的耐久性獨(dú)立工具應(yīng)放置在焊接區(qū)域附近和制造部分的商店。他們不能被放置在角落里,因?yàn)樗拗屏斯ぷ鞯哪芰Υ髩K的材料。這些工具應(yīng)該穩(wěn)定基地但不應(yīng)該被錨定在地上提供機(jī)放置在處理的靈活性超大塊材料,不適合在空間范圍內(nèi)。將會(huì)有許多存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域周圍的商店,并將組織的風(fēng)格材料或工具。他們必須擱置和抽屜用于類似的零件和材料。這些領(lǐng)域需要保持清潔和有組織的,所以每一天學(xué)生需要干凈,把東西放在該放的地方。安全購(gòu)物安全是頭等大事,當(dāng)在商店工作。特別是在高學(xué)校水平,必須創(chuàng)建并遵循規(guī)則。危害是特殊的和需要特殊的安全考慮。ASABE 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文章談?wù)摪踩珵榻逃团嘤?xùn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室顏色代碼。論述了顏色編碼地區(qū)所以人們知道什么樣的危害或危險(xiǎn)存在。它說(shuō),不同的工具和危害,應(yīng)該,應(yīng)該使用什么顏色這些地區(qū)。這些顏色會(huì)告訴人們使用的工具，確保不會(huì)受到傷害。購(gòu)物安全遵循這些指導(dǎo)方針對(duì)于一般商店安全:1.知道與你的工作相關(guān)的危害。確保你完全會(huì)任何工具的正確使用和操作之前開(kāi)始再工作。2.總是穿適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩b置和防護(hù)服。3.氮化穿手套清洗和脫脂劑或氯化鐵(乳膠手套不能提供足夠的保護(hù))。4.確保有足夠的通風(fēng),以防止接觸蒸汽的膠水,涂料,油漆,灰塵和煙霧。5.維護(hù)好管家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。保持工作區(qū)域無(wú)滑動(dòng)/絆倒的危險(xiǎn)(石油、繩索、碎片,等等)。清洗所有的泄漏立即定期清除鋸末、木屑和金屬芯片建議電線拉滑輪的開(kāi)銷而不是躺在地板上。6.離開(kāi)的工具和設(shè)備警衛(wèi)。7.知道滅火器在哪里以及如何使用。8.確保所有工具和設(shè)備妥善接地的良好狀態(tài)。雙重絕緣工具或那些三線繩子是必不可少的安全使用延長(zhǎng)線,足夠大的負(fù)載和距離9.保障所有壓縮氣體鋼瓶。不要使用壓縮氣體清潔衣服或皮膚。10.總是使用倒敘避雷器切割/焊接火把。11.采取措施預(yù)防中暑。12.穿紅外安全護(hù)目鏡在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。一般手工具安全1.佩戴安全眼鏡只要錘或減少,特別是在處理表面芯片或分裂。2.不要使用螺絲刀鑿。該工具可以滑動(dòng),導(dǎo)致深穿刺傷口。3.不要使用鑿螺絲刀。鑿的技巧可能會(huì)破壞而引起的受傷。4.不要使用螺絲刀一把刀。刀片可以提前,導(dǎo)致受傷。5.從未在你的口袋里攜帶一把螺絲刀或鑿。如果你失敗了,該工具造成嚴(yán)重傷害。相反,使用工具腰帶。6.取代寬松、分裂或有裂縫的處理。松散錘子、斧子、或粗暴對(duì)待會(huì)飛的缺陷處理。7.使用合適的扳手收緊或放松堅(jiān)果。鉗可以咀嚼角落了螺母。8.當(dāng)使用一個(gè)鑿子,總是芯片或削減遠(yuǎn)離自己。9.不要使用扳手如果下巴。10.工具不使用的影響,如鑿子,楔形,或漂移拳如果他們的頭呢蘑菇形狀的。頭可以粉碎的影響。11.直接鋸片、刀子和其他工具遠(yuǎn)離通道和其他領(lǐng)域員工。12.把刀和剪刀鋒利。無(wú)聊的工具比鋒利的工具更危險(xiǎn)。13.鋼鐵手工具可能會(huì)引起火花,這是危險(xiǎn)的易燃物質(zhì)。使用 spark-resistant 工具由銅、塑料、鋁、木工作時(shí)周圍易燃危。刀庫(kù)不當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ叽鎯?chǔ)會(huì)使商店事故發(fā)生。遵循這些指導(dǎo)方針,確保適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ叽鎯?chǔ):1.為每個(gè)工具有一個(gè)特定的地方。2.不要大意的把刀具放在抽屜里。許多手受傷是翻抽屜引起的,包含一個(gè)亂七八糟的各式各樣的鋒利的工具。3.商店刀鞘或鑿子。4.刀片鋸遠(yuǎn)離，人夠不到的地方。5.提供堅(jiān)固的鉤子掛工具。6.商店沉重的工具,如軸和雪橇。電動(dòng)工具的安全1.使用正確的工具來(lái)完成工作。不要使用一個(gè)工具或附件的東西嗎這不是做設(shè)計(jì)的。2.選擇正確的鉆頭、刀片、刀、磨床砂輪的材料。這預(yù)防措施將會(huì)減少意外的機(jī)會(huì),提高質(zhì)量工作。3.保持所有的警衛(wèi)。覆蓋暴露的腰帶,滑輪,齒輪和軸可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致受傷。4.總是在正確的操作工具速度手頭的工作。工作得太慢可能導(dǎo)致事故一樣輕松工作太快。5.看你的工作當(dāng)操作電動(dòng)工具。如果停止工作攔住你的去路。6.不依靠力量來(lái)執(zhí)行操作。正確的工具,葉片,方法應(yīng)該不需要過(guò)度使用武力。如果過(guò)度的武力是必要的,你可以使用錯(cuò)誤的工具或鈍刀片。7.清理堵塞或堵塞在電動(dòng)工具之前,斷開(kāi)電源。不要用你的手清理堵塞或堵塞,使用合適的工具。8.永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)超過(guò)設(shè)備運(yùn)行的時(shí)候。9.從來(lái)沒(méi)有禁用或篡改安全版本或其他自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)。10.當(dāng)操作員受傷的機(jī)會(huì)很大,用一個(gè)棍子材料通過(guò)一個(gè)機(jī)器。11.斷開(kāi)電動(dòng)工具之前執(zhí)行維護(hù)或改變組件。12.牢牢控制便攜式電動(dòng)工具。這些工具往往會(huì)“離開(kāi)”運(yùn)營(yíng)商和難以控制。13不要把你卡盤(pán)鑰匙夾頭。14.讓旁觀者遠(yuǎn)離移動(dòng)機(jī)器。15.不操作電動(dòng)工具當(dāng)你生病,疲勞,或服用強(qiáng)力藥物治療。16.在可能的情況下,保證工件與夾或虎鉗手和自由減少受傷的機(jī)會(huì)。使用夾具,不穩(wěn)定或不說(shuō)謊焊接與切割金屬焊接與切割兩種形式的熱工作需要特別的安全考慮。除非他們完成在指定商店區(qū),焊接與切割嚴(yán)格禁止沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)氖跈?quán)。進(jìn)行焊接或切割操作之前,檢查你的設(shè)備后:1.焊接必須完全絕緣和狀況良好。2.切割工具必須注射和配備合適的配件,儀表,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和閃回設(shè)備。3.氧氣和乙炔坦克必須獲得一個(gè)安全的地方。此外,大多數(shù)焊接與切割過(guò)程遵循這些指導(dǎo)方針:在指定區(qū)域進(jìn)行焊接和切割操作易燃材料。當(dāng)焊接或切割向或危險(xiǎn)是必要的區(qū)域,附近有人充當(dāng)服務(wù)員；定期檢查焊接與切割可燃大氣領(lǐng)域；注意防止火花開(kāi)始火；刪除未使用的氣瓶焊接與切割區(qū)；使軟管門(mén)口,遠(yuǎn)離其他人。扁平的軟管可以導(dǎo)致閃回；馬克熱金屬或其他警告信號(hào)時(shí)焊接或切割操作是完整的。程序和方法程序設(shè)計(jì)商店開(kāi)始要知道影響設(shè)計(jì)的重要因素。如建筑的面積,面積的地區(qū)用于存儲(chǔ)、工作區(qū)域、學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域,辦公區(qū)域,清理工作區(qū)域,和所有其他將建成的地區(qū)。下一步是找出部門(mén)在大樓里。什么類型的設(shè)施需要什么類型的設(shè)備和其他工具需要什么。在當(dāng)前建設(shè)作為構(gòu)建塊/基礎(chǔ)新建筑,所有設(shè)施當(dāng)前的建筑需要被包括最低的新建筑。外文原文DESIGN OF INDIO HIGH SCHOOL AGRICULTURE SHOPINTRODUCTIONI designed the layout and organization of the new agriculture shop for Indio High School’s agriculture department building . Currently the high school is the oldest high, school in the district, over 40 years old, and is two different classrooms that house all the classes in the department . The facilities are old and outdated and with the new school, all classrooms will be state-of-the-art and be built to teach in for another 40 years .My project will give the department a design that will be used for ideas for construction. and give the teachers an equipment list made from the design. They will know where each machine should be placed in order to have the most available space in the classrooms and keep the classroom safe for students .Designing the shop before it is built gives the teacher a great advantage of knowing where machines will be placed and how much walking room will be available for students and faculty to move around so things are not placed too tightly together with no room to work . This design will also be approved by the department head and will give the teachers an idea of what the shop will look like when completed.LITERATURE REVIEWThe agricultural shop will be one that serves multiple purposes at the high school . It will teach students everything from what to call tools to advanced classes in welding, fabrication and design . A shop provides a place to do anything that involves using machinery to design and build a product used by the student . Technical and vocational skills are becoming more important in hard times because people cannot afford to pay someone to fix everything that breaks . The shop will also provide a central location to store and keep track of tools used throughout classes taken . With the new shop, the high school agriculture department will have the ability to fix and build almost anything they desire .Shop SetupImportant aspects when planning a shop are space requirements, equipment layout and access to all parts of the shop, storage, electrical, ventilation and other amenities needed .The size of the shop will regulate the number of machines that will be able to be purchased and placed . An outdoor area will also provide for a bigger working area other than just inside the shop . Tools and equipment need to be in a place easy to reach and convenient to make it easier to work in the shop Setup The electrical aspect of the shop is going to be very intricate and carefully planned . An electrical service of 200 amps, 240 volts is the minimum recommended electrical for a shop says Hofman and Hellevang . This service will provide for the machines and power tools that will be running . Use separate circuits for motors over ? horsepower and no more than two motors on a circuit . The welders need a 50 amp or larger 240 volt outlet and since there is many welders there will be many 240 outlets . Ground fault interrupters are needed around anywhere that can get wet or along the outside of the building . These outlets prevent the user from electrocuting themselves . Lighting in the shop will be planned to provide enough lighting throughout the shop so work can be done anytime day or night . Electricians and electrical inspectors will inspect the wiring before anything is finalized . Ventilation of the shop will be planned and the welding area will need its own exhaust hood to provide adequate exhaust of the welding gases and fumes created from welding . Tool benches and part storage is very important to keep tools organized and easy to access . An easy way of organizing tools is hanging them on a wallboard and outlining the individual tools . This way you can glance at a board and see what is missing very quick . Grouping alike tools will make finding tools easier when looking for a specific tool . Plywood or pegboard can be used to hang the tools on the wall . These will provide enough thickness to screw screws into or have nails to hang the tools on . Workbenches should be 34 to 38 inches high and adjusted to the principal user’s height . The bench depth is normally 24 to 30 inches and should be anchored securely (Hofman, Hellevang) . These benches will be covered with steel for durability The large, freestanding tools should be placed near the welding area and fabrication part of the shop . They cannot be placed in the corner because it limits the ability to work on large pieces of material . These tools should have stable bases but should not be anchored to the floor to provide flexibility of the machine placement when dealing with an oversized piece of material that does not fit within the space boundaries .There will be many storage areas around the shop and will be organized by style of material or tool . They will have shelving and drawers to be used for similar parts and materials . These areas will need to be kept clean and organized, so every day the students will need to clean and put everything away where they got it from .SafetyShop safety is the number one priority when working in the shop . Especially at a high school level, rules have to be created and followed . The hazards are special and require special safety considerations . The ASABE standards article talk about having a safety color code for educational and training laboratories . It discusses having color coded areas so people know what kind of hazards or dangers are present in that area . It says the different tools and hazards that should be marked and what colors should be used for those areas . These colors will tell the people using the tools exactly what to watch for not to get hurt .Shop SafetyFollow these guidelines for general shop safety:1. Know the hazards associated with your work . Be sure you are fully educated onthe proper use and operation of any tool before beginning a job .2. Always wear appropriate safety gear and protective clothing .3. Wear nitride gloves when cleaning with degreasers or ferric chloride (latex gloves do not provide adequate protection . )4. Ensure that there is adequate ventilation to prevent exposure from vapors of glues, lacquers, paints, and from dust and fumes .5. Maintain good housekeeping standards . Keep the work area free from slipping/tripping hazards (oil, cords, debris, etc . ) Clean all spills immediately Remove sawdust, wood chips, and metal chips regularlyIt is recommended that electrical cords pull down from an overhead pulley rather than lying on the floor .6. Leave tool and equipment guards in place .7. Know where fire extinguishers are located and how to us them .8. Make sure all tools and equipment are properly grounded and that cords are in good condition . Double insulated tools or those with three wire cords are essential for safety Use extension cords that are large enough for the load and distance.9. Secure all compressed gas cylinders . Never use compressed gas to clean clothing or skin .10. Always use flashback arresters on cutting/welding torches .11. Take precautions against heat stroke and heat exhaustion .12. Wear infrared safety goggles when appropriate .General hand tool safety1. Wear safety glasses whenever you hammer or cut, especially when working with surfaces that chip or splinter .2. Do not use a screwdriver as a chisel . The tool can slip and cause a deep puncture wound .3. Do not use a chisel as a screwdriver . The tip of the chisel may break and cause an injury .4. Do not use a knife as a screwdriver . The blade can snap and cause an injury .5. Never carry a screwdriver or chisel in your pocket . If you fall, the tool could cause a serious injury . Instead, use a tool belt .6. Replace loose, splintered, or cracked handles . Loose hammer, axe, or maul heads can fly off defective handles .7. Use the proper wrench to tighten or loosen nuts . Pliers can chew the corners off a nut .8. When using a chisel, always chip or cut away from yourself .9. Do not use a wrench if the jaws are sprung .10. Do not use impact tools, such as chisels, wedges, or drift punches if their heads are mushroom shaped . The heads may shatter upon impact .11. Direct saw blades, knives, and other tools away from aisle areas and other employees .12. Keep knives and scissors sharp . Dull tools are more dangerous than sharp tools .13. Iron and steel hand tools may cause sparks, which are hazardous around flammable substances . Use spark-resistant tools made from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood when working around flammable hazards .Tool StorageImproper tool storage is responsible for many shop accidents . Follow these guidelines to ensure proper tool storage:1. Have a specific place for each tool .2. Do not place unguarded cutting tools in a drawer . Many hand injuries are caused by rummaging through drawers that contain a jumbled assortment of sharp-edged tools .3. Store knives or chisels in their scabbards .4. Hang saws with the blades away from someone's reach .5. Provide sturdy hooks to hang tools on .6. Store heavy tools, such as axes and sledges, with the heavy end down Power Tool Safety1. Use the correct tool for the job . Do not use a tool or an attachment for something it was not designed to do .2. Select the correct bit, blade, cutter, or grinder wheel for the material at hand . This precaution will reduce the chance for an accident and improve the quality of your work .3. Keep all guards in place . Cover exposed belts, pulleys, gears, and shafts that could cause injury .4. Always operate tools at the correct speed for the job at hand . Working too slowly can cause an accident just as easily as working too fast .5. Watch your work when operating power tools . Stop working if something distracts you .6. Do not rely on strength to perform an operation . The correct tool, blade, and method should not require excessive force . If undue force is necessary, you may be using the wrong tool or have a dull blade .7. Before clearing jams or blockages on power tools, disconnect from power source . Do not use your hand to clear jams or blockages, use an appropriate tool .8. Never reach over equipment while it is running .9. Never disable or tamper with safety releases or other automatic switches .10. When the chance for operator injury is great, use a push stick to move material through a machine .11. Disconnect power tools before performing maintenance or changing components .12. Keep a firm grip on portable power tools . These tools tend to “get away“ from operators and can be difficult to control .13. Never leave chuck key in chuck .14. Keep bystanders away from moving machinery .15. Do not operate power tools when you are sick, fatigued, or taking strong medication .16. When possible, secure work pieces with a clamp or vise to free the hands and minimize the chance of injury . Use a jig for pieces that are unstable or do not lie flat .Welding and CuttingWelding and cutting are two forms of hot metal work that require special safety considerations . Unless they are done in a designated shop area, welding and cutting are strictly prohibited without proper authorization . Before conducting welding or cutting operations, inspect your equipment for the following:1. Welding leads must be completely insulated and in good condition .2. Cutting tools must be leak-free and equipped with proper fittings, gauges, regulators, and flashback devices .3. Oxygen and acetylene tanks must be secured in a safe place . In addition, follow these guidelines for most welding and cutting procedures:1. Conduct welding and cutting operations in a designated area free from flammable materials . When welding or cutting is necessary in an undesignated or hazardous area, have someone nearby act as a fire attendant . 2. Periodically check welding and cutting areas for combustible atmospheres . 3. Take care to prevent sparks from starting a fire . 4. Remove unused gas cylinders from the welding and cutting area .5. Keep hoses out of doorways and away from other people . A flattened hose can cause a flashback .6. Mark hot metal with a sign or other warning when welding or cutting operations are complete .PROCEDURES AND METHODSProcedures to design the shop start with knowing the important factors that will influence the design. Such as square footage of the building, square footage of areas which will be used for storage, working areas, learning areas, office areas, cleanup areas, and all other areas which will be built. The next step is to find out what the department wants in the building. What type of facilities are needed, what type of facilities are wanted and what other tools are needed to be included in the design. Having the current building acting as a building block/basis for the new building, all facilities in the current building need to be included as a minimum for the new building.