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八年級(jí)(下)　Units 3—4 單元重點(diǎn)回顧 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 重 點(diǎn) 單 詞 1.rubbish(n.)垃圾；廢棄物 2.fold(v.)折疊；對(duì)折 3.sweep(v.)掃；打掃 4.floor(n.)地板 5.mess(n.)雜亂；不整潔 6.throw(v.) 扔；擲 7.neither(adv.)也不(pron.)兩者都不★ 8.shirt(n.)襯衫 9.pass(v.)給；遞；走過；通過 10.borrow(v.)借；借用 11.lend(v.)借給；借出 12.finger(n.)手指 13.hate(v.)厭惡；討厭 14.while(conj.)與……同時(shí)；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；而；然而★ 15.stress(n.)精神壓力；心理負(fù)擔(dān)★ 16.waste(n.)浪費(fèi)；垃圾(v.)浪費(fèi)；濫用 17.provide(v.)提供；供應(yīng) 18.anyway(adv.)而且；加之 19.depend(v.)依靠；信賴★ 20.develop(v.)發(fā)展；壯大★ 21.fairness(n.)公正性；合理性 22.since(conj.)因?yàn)椋患热?prep.,conj.& adv.)從……以后；自……以來★ 23.neighbor(＝neighbour)(n.)鄰居 24.ill(adj.)有??；不舒服★ 25.drop(v.)落下；掉下 26.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的 27.unfair(adj.)不合理的；不公正的 28.allow(v.)允許；準(zhǔn)許★ 29.wrong(adj.)有毛?。诲e(cuò)誤的 30.guess(v.)猜測(cè)；估計(jì) 31.deal(n.)協(xié)議；交易 32.relation(n.)關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；交往 33munication(n.)交流；溝通 34.argue(v.)爭(zhēng)吵；爭(zhēng)論★ 35.cloud(n.)云；云朵 36.elder(adj.)年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的 37.instead(adv.)代替；反而；卻★ 38.whatever(pron.)任何；每一 39.nervous(adj.)焦慮的；擔(dān)憂的★ 40.offer(v.)主動(dòng)提出；自愿給予 41.proper(adj.)正確的；恰當(dāng)?shù)? 42.secondly(adv.)第二；其次 43.explain(v.)解釋；說明★ 44.clear(adj.)清楚易懂的；晴朗的 45.copy(v.)抄襲；模仿；復(fù)制；復(fù)印 46.return(v.)歸還；回來；返回 47.anymore(adv.)(常用于否定句和疑問句末)再也(不)；(不)再 48.member(n.)成員；分子 49.pressure(n.)壓力 50pete(v.)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；對(duì)抗 51.opinion(n.)意見；想法；看法 52.skill(n.)技藝；技巧 53.typical(adj.)典型的★ 54.football(n.)(美式)橄欖球；足球 55.quick(adj.)快的；迅速的；時(shí)間短暫的★ 56.continue(v.)持續(xù)；繼續(xù)存在★ 57pare (v.)比較 58.crazy(adj.)不理智的；瘋狂的 59.push(v.)鞭策；督促；推動(dòng)★ 60.cause(v.)造成；引起 61.usual(adj.)通常的；尋常的★ 62.perhaps(adv.)可能；大概；也許 詞 性 轉(zhuǎn) 換 1.sweep(v.)掃；打掃→swept(過去式 /過去分詞) 2.throw(v.)扔→threw(過去式)→thrown(過去分詞) 3.develop(v.)發(fā)展；壯大→development(n.)發(fā)展 4.ill(adj.)有??；不舒服→illness(n.) 疾病 5.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的→unfair不合理的；不公正的(反義詞)→fairness(n.)合理；公平 6.drop(v.)落下；掉下→dropped(過去式 /過去分詞) 7municate(v.)交流→munication(n.) 交流 8.clear(adj.)清楚的,易懂的；晴朗的→clearly(adv.)清晰地 9pete(v.)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；對(duì)抗→petition(n.)比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 10.usual(adj.)通常的；尋常的→unusual 特別的；不尋常的(反義詞) 11.quick(adj.)快的→quickly(adv.)快地 12.relation(n.)關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；交往→relationship(n.)關(guān)系；聯(lián)系 13.argue(v.)爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵→argument(n.)爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵 14.proper(adj.)正確的；恰當(dāng)?shù)摹鷓roperly(adv.)正確地；適當(dāng)?shù)? 15.two(num.)二→second 第二(序數(shù)詞)→secondly(adv.)第二；其次 16.lend(v.)借給；借出→lent(過去式 / 過去分詞)→borrow(反義詞)借來；借用 重 點(diǎn) 短 語 1.頻繁；反復(fù) all the time 2.吃驚地；驚訝地in surprise 3.一……就…… as soon as＝the minute 4.向某人借某物borrow sth.from sb. 5.把某物借給某人lend sb.sth.＝ lend sth.to sb. 6.為了做…… in order to 7.向某人提供某物provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb. 8.介意某人做某事 mind sb./ones doing sth. 9.依靠；信賴depend on 10.照顧 look after＝take care of＝care for 11.結(jié)果；因此as a result 12.同意某人 agree with sb. 13.允許某人做某事allow sb.to do sth. 14.和某人打架、吵架get into a fight with sb.＝have a fight with sb.＝fight with sb. 15.快速查看；瀏覽look through 16.成功地發(fā)展；解決work out 17.和睦相處；關(guān)系良好get on/along with 18.和某人爭(zhēng)吵argue with sb. 19.為某事爭(zhēng)吵argue about sth. 20.對(duì)某人友好be nice to sb.＝be friendly to sb. 21.拒絕做某事 refuse to do sth. 22.與某人交流、溝通municate with sb. 23.主動(dòng)提供某人某物offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. 續(xù)表 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 重 點(diǎn) 短 語 24.主動(dòng)做某事offer to do sth. 25.向某人解釋某事explain sth.to sb. 26.把某物歸還給某人give sth.back to sb.＝return sth.to sb.＝return sb.sth. 27.回到某地return to sp.＝e back to sp. 28.和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)pete with sb. 29.練習(xí)做某事practice doing sth. 30.刪除；刪去cut out 31.繼續(xù)做同一件事continue doing sth. 32.繼續(xù)做另一件事continue to do sth. 33.比較；對(duì)比pare with 34.依……看in ones opinion 35.(做某事)是成功的be successful(in doing sth.) 36.成功做某事succeed in doing sth. 重 點(diǎn) 句 子 1.—__Could__ I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和我的朋友們出去吃飯嗎？ —Sure,that __should__be__ OK.當(dāng)然,那應(yīng)該可以。 2.—__Could__ we get __something__to__drink__ after the movie？看完電影我們可以喝點(diǎn)東西嗎？ —No,you __cant__.You have a basketball game tomorrow.不,你們不能。明天你們有一場(chǎng)籃球比賽。 3.—__Could__you__please__ take the dog for a walk? 你可以遛狗嗎？ —OK,but I want to watch one show first.好的,但是我想先看一個(gè)節(jié)目。 4.__The__minute__ I sat down in front of the TV,my mom __came__over__.我剛坐到電視前,我媽媽就過來了。 5.For one week,she did not do any housework and __neither__did__I__.整整一周,她什么家務(wù)活都不干了,我也沒干。 6.“__What__happened__？” she asked __in__surprise__.她驚訝地問道：“發(fā)生什么事了？” 7.They should __spend__ their time __on__ schoolwork __in__order__to__ get good grades and get into a good university.為了取得好成績(jī)進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué),他們應(yīng)該把時(shí)間花在學(xué)業(yè)上。 8.__It__is__ the parents __job__to__ provide a clean and fortable environment at home for their children.在家中給他們的孩子提供一個(gè)干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是家長(zhǎng)們的事情。 9.__It__is__not__enough__to__ just get good grades at school.只在學(xué)校取得好成績(jī)是不夠的。 10.__As__a__result__,he often __fell__ill__ and his grades dropped.結(jié)果,他經(jīng)常生病,成績(jī)也下降了。 11.__The__earlier__ kids learn to be independent,__the__better__ it is for their future.孩子越早學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立,對(duì)他們的將來越好。 12.__Why__dont__you__ go to sleep earlier this evening？為什么你今晚不早點(diǎn)睡覺呢？ 13.You should call him __so__that__ you can say youre sorry.你應(yīng)該給他打電話,以便你能向他道歉。 14.I __found__ my sister __looking__through__ my things yesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹正在翻看我的東西。 15.__Although__ shes wrong,its not __a__big__deal__.盡管她做得不對(duì),但也沒什么大不了的。 16.Hope things __work__out__.希望事情會(huì)好起來。 17.You __are__afraid__of__ speaking in front of people.你害怕在眾人面前說話。 18.Your best friend does __not__ trust you __anymore__.你最好的朋友不再相信你了。 19.The tired children __dont__ get home __until__ after 7：00 p.m.疲憊不堪的孩子們直到晚上7點(diǎn)后才回家。 20.__I__dont__think__ thats fair.我覺得這不公平。 語 法 1.could表示請(qǐng)求與允許(詳見第二編P140) 2.why dont you句型用于提建議 3.連詞until,so that和although(詳見第二編P145) 話 題 Unit 3 Chores and permission(家務(wù)和許可) Unit 4 Interpersonal munication(人際溝通)★ 單元重難點(diǎn)突破 　could (八下Unit 3 P20) 【舉例透析】 ①—Could you play the piano when you were 5 years old？你5歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)彈鋼琴了嗎？ —Yes,I could./No,I couldnt.是的,我會(huì)。/不,我不會(huì)。 (could 是can的過去式,表示過去的能力。) ②—Could you e here soon？你能快點(diǎn)來這里嗎？ —Sure.當(dāng)然。 —Could you please not close the door？你可以不關(guān)門嗎？ —Im sorry.I have to.對(duì)不起,我不得不(關(guān)門)。 (could表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。句型： Could you…？ Could you please…？ ＝Will you please…？ 否定： Could you please not do sth.？) ③—Could I use your bicycle？我可以用你的自行車嗎？ —Yes,of course you can.是的,當(dāng)然可以。 注意：用Could I…？表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方準(zhǔn)許時(shí),對(duì)方回答不能用could,而要用can。對(duì)于這種請(qǐng)求的肯定和否定回答的常用語： 肯定： Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem. 否定： Certainly not./No,Im afraid not. (C)1.—Could you please ______ me when the World Cup ends? —Sorry,I dont know ______ about it. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.tell；something B.not tell；nothing C.tell；anything D.not tell; something (D)2.—Could I watch TV? —No,you ______.You ______ finish your homework first. A.couldnt can B.cant；can C.couldnt；must D.cant；must 　neither (八下Unit 3 P19) 【舉例透析】 ①She did not do any homework and neither did I.她一點(diǎn)作業(yè)都沒有做,我也沒有。 —He cant swim.他不會(huì)游泳。 —Neither can I.我也不會(huì)。 —They dont like it.他們不喜歡它。 —Neither does he.他也不喜歡。 —Im not tired.我不累。 —Neither am I.我也不累。 (neither ＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞 ＋主語,是常見的倒裝句型,表示“后者也不”。) ② Neither answer is correct.兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。 (neither可作形容詞,表示“兩者都不”,放在單數(shù)名詞前。) ③Neither of them has/have a car.他們兩個(gè)人都沒有車。 (neither可作代詞,常與of連用,表示“兩者都不?！? ④Neither my father nor I am interested in the film.我父親和我都對(duì)這部電影不感興趣。 (neither…nor… 表示“既不……也不……”；連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。) (D)1.(xx達(dá)州中考)—Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing? —______ the crowded traffic ______ the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air. A.Not only；but also B.Either；or C.Both；and D.Neither；nor (C)2.Neither of my friends ______ in Yibin. A.living B.to live C.lives D.are lived 　辨析borrow與lend (八下Unit 3 P20) 【舉例透析】 ①Jack borrowed lots of money from his friends,but he never paid it back.杰克從他朋友那里借了很多錢,但是他從來沒有還過錢。 (borrow作動(dòng)詞,意為“借”,用法：borrow…from…向……借……,表示借入。) ②I lent that book to Lucy yesterday.＝ I lent Lucy that book yesterday.我昨天把書借給露西了。 (lend作動(dòng)詞,意為“借給；給予”,過去式lent,過去分詞lent；用法：lend sb.sth.＝lend sth.to sb.,表示借出。) (B)—I ______ an interesting book from my classmate. —Could you please ______ it to me? A.borrowed；lend B.borrow；lent C.lend；borrow D.lend；borrowed 　in order to (八下Unit 3 P22) 【舉例透析】 ①In order to finish writing his new book on time,he often stayed up late last year.為了按時(shí)寫完他的新書,去年他經(jīng)常熬夜到很晚。 ②In order not to make a difference to his own health,he keeps on running every morning.為了不影響他自己的健康,他堅(jiān)持每天早晨跑步。 (in order to do sth.表示“為了”, 可用于句首或句中。否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：in order not to do sth.) He keeps writing English diaries __in__ __order__ __to__(為了) learn English well. 　allow (八下Unit 4 P25) 【舉例透析】 ①M(fèi)y parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不允許我和朋友閑逛。 (allow作動(dòng)詞,意為“同意；允許”,用法：allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事) ②I am not allowed to stay out past ten.我不被允許在外面待到十點(diǎn)以后。 (be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允許做某事) (A)(xx孝感中考)Attention,please! Without permission,children are not allowed ______ alone here. A.to swim B.swimming C.swim D.swam 　instead (八下Unit 4 P27) 【舉例透析】 ①Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他看他想看的任何東西一直到晚上很晚。 He is tired.Let me do it instead.他累了,讓我來代替他做。 (instead作副詞,意為“代替；然而；相反”。位于句首或句末。) ②I walked to school this morning instead of taking the bus.我走路到學(xué)校代替乘公共汽車。 I came instead of my brother.我代替我哥哥來的。 Who would like to solve this problem instead of him？你想讓誰來代替他解決這個(gè)問題？ (instead of 介詞短語,意為“代替；而不是”。后面接名詞,代詞,v.ing；位于句中。) (C)1.Its raining now.I would like to watch TV at home instead of ______ soccer outside. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played (A)2.(xx安徽中考改編)—May I use your puter,Mr.Black? —Go ahead.I will use my iPad ______. A.instead B.although C.since D.for 　辨析offer與provide (八下Unit 4 P27) 【舉例透析】 ①The little boy offered his seat to an old woman on the bus.＝The little boy offered an old woman his seat on the bus.那個(gè)小男孩把他的位置讓給了一位老婦人。 (offer作動(dòng)詞,意為“提供”；用法：offer sb.sth.＝ offer sth.__to__sb.為某人提供某物 ②He offers to help me with my homework.他幫助我做家庭作業(yè)。 (offer to__do sth.主動(dòng)做某事) ③The school provided food for the students.＝The school provided the students with food.這所學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供食物。 (provide作動(dòng)詞,意為“提供”,出于某種責(zé)任和義務(wù)為某人提供某物；用法：provide sb. with sth.＝ provide sth. for sb.為某人提供某物) (D)It is not the parents job to provide you ______ help all the time.You kids also need to offer help ______ them sometimes. A.to；with B.for；to C.with；with D.with；to 　return (八下Unit 4 P28) 【舉例透析】 ①She will return me the book tomorrow.＝ She will return the book to me tomorrow.她明天將把書還給我。 (return作動(dòng)詞,意為“歸還；回”,用法：return sb.sth.＝return sth. to sb.還給某人某物) ②We returned to school at five.＝We went back to school at five.我們五點(diǎn)返回學(xué)校。 (return to＝go/e back to,因此不再與back連用。) 1.你必須將書按時(shí)還給圖書館。 You must __return__ the books __to__ the library on time. (B)2.—When did you ______ to school yesterday? —In the afternoon. A.return back B.return C.returned D.returned back 高頻話題寫作指導(dǎo) 煩惱與建議 ◆話題解讀 中學(xué)生處于特殊的成長(zhǎng)時(shí)期,既沒有完全脫離家庭的影響,又逐步形成了自己獨(dú)特的人生觀、世界觀和價(jià)值觀。所以,很多中學(xué)生都在學(xué)習(xí)或生活上存在一定的煩惱,如學(xué)習(xí)效率的提升、與家人及朋友相處等方面。另外,就一些具體的事例、朋友的煩惱等提出自己的意見或建議,也在生活中非常常見,所以這個(gè)話題的寫作非常貼近中學(xué)生的日常生活,也是中考作文容易考到的一個(gè)話題(xx年內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特,xx年廣西,xx年浙江寧波)。寫作形式往往以書信或電子郵件為主。 ◆寫作素材包 常用作文開頭語： 1.My name is Mary.I am a middle school student from No.15 Middle School.(自我介紹) 【試一試】今天我將把我的好朋友介紹給大家認(rèn)識(shí)。 __Today__Ill__introduce__my__good__friend__to__all__of__you.__ 2.I have something annoying to tell you and hope to get some help.(have sth.to do有某事要做) 【試一試】我有一些麻煩事要解決。 __I__have__some__trouble__to__solve.__ 3.Id like to hear from you about some of my trouble.(hear from收到某人來信) 【試一試】昨天我收到了我叔叔的信。 __I__heard__from__my__uncle__yesterday.__ 常用作文中間語： 1.I dont think my friends are friendly to me.(I dont think ＋從句,我認(rèn)為……不怎么樣) 【試一試】我認(rèn)為我不會(huì)去參加那個(gè)舞蹈俱樂部。 __I__dont__think__I__will__join__the__dancing__club.__ 2.When I want to ask them questions on math,they often say they cant do it,either. 3.My parents dont seem to care about me.(care about關(guān)心) 【試一試】關(guān)心老人是我們的責(zé)任。 __It__is__our__duty__to__care__about__the__old.__ 4.My cousin took my school things without my permission and didnt return them. 5.It made me very angry. 6.We often fight with each other for something meaningless. 7.I dont know what to do. 常用作文結(jié)束語： 1.Could you please give me some advice? 2.Would you help me to solve this mess? 3.Can you tell me the way to get rid of my trouble? ◆典例剖析 (原創(chuàng)題)小軍是一名中學(xué)生。最近他非常沮喪,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為他的父母對(duì)他學(xué)習(xí)上要求過于嚴(yán)格。假如你是小軍,請(qǐng)寫一封信給老師Mr.Wang述說你的煩惱。 要點(diǎn)：1.最近很不開心； 2.父母對(duì)自己很嚴(yán)格,成績(jī)好就滿意,成績(jī)不理想就對(duì)自己非常擔(dān)憂,給自己很大的壓力； 3.希望得到老師的幫助。 要求：詞數(shù)90詞左右。語意通順,意思連貫,注意書信格式。 【審題指導(dǎo)】這是一篇書信形式的作文。寫作時(shí)必須包含要求中提到的三點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。全文在寫作時(shí)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)合一般過去時(shí)為主,以第一人稱的口吻進(jìn)行敘述。 【寫作導(dǎo)圖】 【參考范文】 Dear Mr.Wang, Im Xiaojun,one of your students.I am very upset these days. My parents are usually quite strict with me.When I get good grades,we are all happy. But last week,I failed my math exam,and my parents were so worried that the world seemed to be its end.They give me too much pressure on my study.I dont know what I should do.Can you give me some suggestions? Thank you very much. Yours,　 Xiaojun 【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文的亮點(diǎn)之處有：1.格式正確；2.用語準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng),使用了短語be strict with sb.; seem to do; so…that…句型以及when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；3.敘事清楚,要點(diǎn)全面覆蓋,并有一定的拓展。 ◆模擬寫作 (2019預(yù)測(cè))某校心理輔導(dǎo)老師Mr.Wang收到一封來自學(xué)生小軍的來信。在信中小軍傾訴了自己的煩惱。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給信息,給小軍寫一封回信。 要點(diǎn)：1.感謝小軍的來信和信任； 2.繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)、保持與父母的溝通； 3.進(jìn)行一定的身體鍛煉,保持良好的心態(tài)。 要求：1.90詞左右； 2.可適當(dāng)拓展； 3.內(nèi)容完整,語言流暢； 4.所給的開頭和結(jié)尾不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Xiaojun, Thanks a lot for your letter and your trust.　 You told me about your problem,and I think its mon between parents and teenagers.First,I think your parents really care about you,so they are strict with you.Thats not a bad thing,right? I believe you can work harder next time and municate with your parents more.You can show them that you have tried your best on your study.I think they will understand.Also,do some sports when you are free,it can make you feel relaxed and study better.　 I think you can deal with it well.Cheer up,kid！　 Yours, 　 Mr.Wang 直 擊 中 考 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 (D)1.(xx眉山中考)—Would you like to go to the city park? —Im not sure.If Mike doesnt,______. A.neither I do B.neither do I C.neither I will D.neither will I (C)2.(xx通遼中考改編)Students ______ to the library after school. A.allow to go B.are allowed going C.are allowed to go D.allow going (B)3.(xx安徽中考)—Its said that shopping online is safe. —______.Youd better be careful. A.I agree B.That depends C.I think so D.No problem (C)4.(xx安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three. A.of B.in C.against D.from 二、(xx濱州中考改編)閱讀理解。 On April 2,we said goodbye to Tiangong I,Chinas first space lab.According to the China Manned Space Agency(中國(guó)載人航天),Tiangong I reentered the Earths atmosphere(大氣層) and some of its debris(碎片) fell into the South Pacific Ocean. There are many spacecraft(宇宙飛船) that are still in orbit(軌道) above the Earth.After finishing their trips,they will all reenter the Earths atmosphere like Tiangong I. There are two types of reentries：controlled reentry and uncontrolled reentry. Some satellites and manned spacecraft e back to the Earth in a controlled reentry.Experts calculate(計(jì)算) the path of the falling spacecraft and its speed.They can guide the spacecraft to fall in a chosen area. Some spacecraft may have problems while in space after a certain amount of time.These spacecraft e back in an uncontrolled reentry.It is hard to tell when and where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours.The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979.Parts of the station fell in western Australia,but no one was hurt. During reentry,most of the spacecraft will burn up while passing through the Earths atmosphere.Only a small amount of the debris will reach the ground.The debris typically ends up falling into the ocean,China Daily reported. (A)1.The debris from Tiangong I ______. A.fell into the South Pacific Ocean B.fell in western Australia C.fell in the central part of the US D.fell into the North Pacific Ocean (D)2.When the spacecraft finishes its trip,it will ______. A.burn up and disappear B.speed up and fly back to the Earth C.enter another orbit and stay in space D.reenter the Earths atmosphere (B)3.From the passage,we know there are ______ types of reentries. A.one B.two C.three D.four (C)4.Which of the following is TRUE about the US space station Skylab? A.It came back in a controlled reentry. B.Some people were hurt by its debris. C.Parts of it fell in western Australia. D.It was directed to fall into the ocean. 三、還原句子。 閱讀下面短文,把A、B、C、D四個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處,使短文內(nèi)容完整、正確。 1.__D__ It can even be used to tell if a person is healthy,reported How Stuff Works.Diabetes(糖尿病),for example,can make a persons body smell like bad apples.Yellow fever(黃熱病) smells like a butcher shop(肉店) and liver(肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy.These smells all have to do with diseased cells(病變的細(xì)胞).A diseased cell releases different chemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì)) to a healthy cell.2.__C__ The smells of disease arent a new discovery.3.__B__For example,a woman in Scotland noticed her husbands body odor was changing.It became more and more musky(有麝香味的) as his Parkinsons disease got worse.Scientists at Edinburgh University put her nose to the test,asking her to identify(識(shí)別) whether a group of people had Parkinsons disease.She identified 12 people as having the disease—11 of them were confirmed(確診) at the time,and another one developed Parkinsons disease eight months later! If some people can do such an amazing job of identifying disease based on smell,just think what dogs can do.A dogs sense of smell can be as much as 100,000 times more acute(敏銳的) than a humans. 4.__A__Several studies found that,out of 900 samples(樣本),dogs were able to correctly identify prostatic cancer 98 percent of the them.They were even able to tell the differences between prostatic cancer and other types of cancer.How amazing! A.In fact,dogs are especially good at identifying prostatic cancer(前列腺癌). B.The real news is about using smell to find out disease. C.As these chemicals change,so do the bodys smells,especially the sweat(汗液),blood,breath and urine(尿液). D.Each person has his or her unique odor(氣味). 四、(xx福建中考改編)綜合填空。 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)單詞、首字母、漢語和語境提示,在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,要求意義準(zhǔn)確、拼寫正確。 Lonnie Johnson always loved taking things apart(分開).He 1.__sometimes__(有時(shí)) put them back together.Other times he made new things from different 2.__parts__(part).He learned how to use tools from his dad. At 13,Lonnie put an old engine(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) on a homemade gocart.He loved driving it around.He dreamed of being an 3.__inventor__(invent).By high school,Lonnie built a remotecontrol robot from some waste things.This 4.__won__(win) him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair.His friends called 5.__him__ “The Little Scientist”.In college,Lonnie was an excellent student.After that,he 6.__became__(成為) an Air Force officer,rocket scientist and business leader. 7.But__ he never stopped inventing.You may have played with his most famous invention—the Super Soaker,a kind of water gun.Lonnie got the idea for this toy while working on 8.__another__(另一) invention.When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom,it shot water 9.__across__(cross) the room. Today,Dr.Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 10.__useful__(use) inventions.However,he still keeps trying new things. 五、(xx哈爾濱中考改編)完成句子。 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題后要求完成句子。 (A)My mother is fiftyfive__years__old.She retired(退休) just two months ago.After that,she was bored and didnt know what to do every day.(B)She was kind to us before,but recently she had__a__chip__on__her__shoulder. She often quarreled with my brother and me without any reason.Also,relations between my parents became difficult.(C)我媽媽遇到麻煩,不知道怎么應(yīng)對(duì)它。My brother thought of a good idea to solve the problem.He bought her a new smart phone and taught her how to use WeChat(微信).My mothers life changed a lot from then on.No matter where she went and whatever she did,she always used it.She took photos with her new smart phone and always shared her photos in her friend circle to express how happy she was.As a result,she often did something by mistake.(D)gas,she,forgot,often,__to,__turn,__off,__the. And result,the food she was cooking usually got burnt.My father tried to stop her,but it didnt work. This afternoon,my mother prepared to make dumplings for dinner.(E)She__took__a__lot__of_ _pictures__in__order__to__post__them__into__her__friend__circle. After dinner,we took out our smart phones and waited to see the photos she h