2018秋高中英語 Unit 1 Great scientists同步練習 新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 Great scientists 話題誦讀 日積月累 [導語]　霍亂是霍亂弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性腸道傳染病，具有發(fā)病急、傳播快、波及面廣的特點，是當今三種國際檢疫傳染病中的一種。 Cholera Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(腸毒素)that causes painless，watery diarrhea(腹瀉) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脫水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not bee ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 7—14 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another. Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once. In a word，to avoid cholera，we should develop a good habit.We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food. [詞海拾貝] 1．bacterium　　　 n．細菌 2．coastal adj.臨海的；沿海的 3．fluid n．液體　adj.液體的 4．mixture n．混合；混雜 5．seek vt.尋找，探尋；追求 [問題思考] True(T) or False(F)： 1．Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of cholera.(　　) 2．In order to avoid cholera，wed better eat cooked shellfish.(　　) 答案：1.F　2.T 自主預習 步步提高 詞匯識記 Ⅰ.為單詞選擇正確的釋義 1．suspect　　　　 A．向……挑戰(zhàn) 2．challenge B．宣布；通告 3．conclude C．責備；譴責 4．blame D．認為；懷疑 5．a(chǎn)nnounce E．結(jié)束；推斷出 6．expose F．暴露；揭露；使曝光 7．contribute G．小心的；謹慎的 8．cautious H．捐獻；貢獻 答案：1.D　2.A　3.E　4.C　5.B　6.F　7.H　8.G Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1．________n．特征；特性 2．________vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 (n.)失敗 3．________n．治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治療 4．________vt.吸收；吸引；使專心 5．________vt.預見；預知 答案：1.characteristic　2.defeat　3.cure　4.absorb　5.foresee Ⅲ.根據(jù)英語釋義寫出單詞 1．________：to be present at an event 2．________：to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof 3．________：to make a connection between two or more things or people 4．________：to make something dirty 5．________：the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control 答案：1.attend　2.suspect　3.link　4.pollute　5.handle Ⅳ.選用短語的適當形式填空 put forward；link...to；expose...to；suspect...of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with 1．We had no desire to ________________ our plan. 2．We must ________ this shameful activity ________ the newspaper. 3．The students sat in the classroom and ________ reading English. 4．We consider that you ________ for the accident. 5．They ________ from the fact at last. 6．People often ________ lung cancer ________ smoking. 7．“Youve often made the same mistakes.I will ______ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom. 8．________ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me. 9．What he has said doesnt ______．I cant understand it. 10．The use of information technology could __________ major progress for developing nations. 答案：1.put forward　2.expose　to　3.were absorbed in　4.are to blame　5.drew a conclusion　6.link　to　7.be strict with　8.Apart from　9.make sense　10.lead to Ⅴ.領會句子所用的句型并譯成漢語 1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London－so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. _______________________________________________________ 2．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. _______________________________________________________ 3．So many thousands of terrified people died every__time there was an outbreak. _______________________________________________________ 4．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had__it__delivered to her house every day. _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。 2．人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。 3．每次爆發(fā)霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 4．有一位婦女是從寬街搬來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里來。 語篇理解 課文表層理解 Ⅰ.判斷正(T)誤(F) 1．John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found. (　　) 2．The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals. (　　) 3．John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera. (　　) 4．The people who had been given free beer and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease. (　　) 答案：1.T　2.F　3.F　4.T Ⅱ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問題 1．Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2．When the cause was found，what did the people do? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3．Whats the extra evidence? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Because neither its cause nor its cure was found. 2．They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. 3．In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. Ⅲ.根據(jù)對文章的理解，將下面表格補充完整(每空一詞) JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” About cholera It was a 1.________ disease of its day. People didnt know its cause or its 2.____. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak. Two theories Cholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas. Cholera was 3.________ into peoples bodies with their meals. The course of finding evidence As the disease spread quickly through poor 4.________ of London，John Snow began to gather information. He found the outbreak was very 5.______ in two particular streets. After further investigations he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6.________. When people didnt use the 7.________ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs. 8.________ to prevent cholera from happening John Snow suggested that the 9.______ of all the water supplies be examined. The water panies were 10.______ not to expose people to polluted water any more. 答案：1.deadly　2.cure　3.absorbed　4.neighbourhoods　5.severe/serious　6.blame　7.polluted　8.Measures/Steps　9.source　10.instructed 課文深層理解 Ⅰ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容匹配段落及其大意 1．Para. 1　　　　 A．Offer solutions 2．Para. 2 B．What caused cholera 3．Para. 3 C．Provide two control theories 4．Para. 4 D．Collect information 5．Para. 5 E．Collect results 6．Para. 6 F．Analyze the result 7．Para. 7 G．Find supporting evidence 答案：1.B　2.C　3.D　4.E　5.F　6.G　7.A Ⅱ.仔細閱讀課文，選擇最佳選項 1．The passage mainly tells us that ________． A．the cause of cholera was polluted water B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London C．the source of all drinking water should be examined D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera” 2．What was the key to John Snows discovery? A．The government. B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C．The water pany. D．The map made by himself. 3．At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by ______． A．using medicines in hospital B．driving patients out of the country C．dealing with the polluted water D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution 4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A．Cholera multiplied in the water. B．Polluted water carried the virus. C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 答案：1.D　2.D　3.C　4.B Ⅲ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答下列問題 1．Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you know that? (Para.1) _______________________________________________________ 2．When did thousands of people die? (Para.1) _______________________________________________________ 3．What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1) _______________________________________________________ 4．What was the difference between the first theory and the second theory? (Para.2) _______________________________________________________ 5．How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3) _______________________________________________________ 6．What gave John Snow a valuable clue about the cause of the disease? (Para.4) _______________________________________________________ 7．Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5) _______________________________________________________ 8．How was cholera spread? (Para.5) _______________________________________________________ 9．Why did the woman have the water delivered to her house? (Para.6) _______________________________________________________ 10．What was John Snows suggestion? (Para.7) _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Yes，he was.When many people were affected and died，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem. 2．Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city. 3．John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly disease/ John Snow made up his mind to bring the disease under control. 4．The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through peoples noses，while the second theory suggested cholera was absorbed into peoples bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their noses，while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their mouths. 5．More than 500 people died in ten days. 6．John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived，which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. 7．He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they would not drink the polluted water. 8．Cholera was spread by germs instead of a cloud of gas. 9．Because she liked the water from the pump very much. 10．His suggestion was that the source of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more. 知識聚焦 講練互動 要點直擊 1．put forward提出(意見、建議、觀點等)；提前；把(時鐘)往前撥；推薦，提名 (教材原句P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出了關于黑洞的理論？ 歸納拓展 搭配 [鏈接] put down放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；寫下 put away收拾好；儲存 put...in force使……生效 put...into practice實施，實行 put off延期 put on穿上；上演；假裝 put out撲滅，使熄滅；生產(chǎn) put up舉起；搭建；張貼；留……住宿 put up with容忍 put aside把……撇開不理，不考慮 即學即練 用put短語完成句子。 ①John Snow ________________ a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted water. ②Our sports meeting has been ________ till next month because of the bad weather. ③They ________ a notice there，saying，“Keep off the grass.” ④The fire was ________ finally with the help of the firefighters. ⑤How can you ________ such a rude person for so long a time? ⑥Weve ________________________ by one week. 我們已把婚禮提前了一周。 ⑦Remember to ______________________ tonight. 記住今晚把時鐘指針往前撥。 ⑧Can I ________________ as our club secretary? 我能推薦/提名你擔任我們俱樂部的秘書嗎？ 答案：①put forward　②put off?、踦ut up?、躳ut out?、輕ut up with?、辮ut the wedding forward?、遬ut your clock forward?、鄍ut you forward 2．conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束 (教材原句P1)Draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論 歸納拓展 搭配 conclude vt.推斷，結(jié)束 vi.決定，推斷，斷定 Those are the facts，what do you conclude from them? 這些都是事實，你能從中得出什么結(jié)論？ 即學即練 完成句子。 ①The expert ________________ that there were many people infected with cholera. 這位專家斷定許多人得了霍亂。 ②Without supporting evidence，we cant ________________． 沒有強有力的證據(jù)，我們不能下結(jié)論。 ③The meeting was expected to ______________ on Monday. 會議預計在星期一結(jié)束。 答案：①came to the conclusion?、趍ake a conclusion?、踓onclude 3．defeat vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫　n．失敗 (教材原句P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 約翰斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王” defeat vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫　n．[U，C]失敗 (1)Although there were lots of difficulties to overe，she never let her problems defeat her. 雖然生活中有許多困難，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。 (2)Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。 易混辨析 defeat/beat，win(戰(zhàn)勝) 詞語 辨析 defeat/beat 后只接人(賓語可以是team，nation，opponent等) win 后只接事或物，因為win的賓語不是競爭對手，而是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品等(賓語是game，war，prize等) Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set，while I won two sets. 昨天我和約翰下棋贏了他。他只贏了一盤，而我贏了兩盤。 即學即練 完成句子。 ①________________，the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory. 不論是勝利還是失敗，奧林匹克就是實現(xiàn)個人和國家榮譽的舞臺。 ②Do you still remember ________________？ 你還記得那兩次失敗嗎？ ③The problem ________________！ 這道題把我難住了！ 答案：①In victory and defeat?、趖he two defeats　③defeats me 4．a(chǎn)ttend vt.照顧；護理；注意；出席；參加 (教材原句P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in London－so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。 歸納拓展 (1)v.照顧；護理；專心；注意 搭配 ①There was no one to attend him but Tina. 除了蒂娜，再無人照顧他了。 ②Attend to your study and stop talking. 專心學習，不要說話。 (2)vt.出席；參加 搭配：attend a meeting/a lecture/school 參加會議/聽講座/上學 He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他沒有參加會議。 注意：作“照顧；護理”講時，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席；參加”講時，attend多作及物動詞。 [助記]　多義：attend[at-(＝ad-，向)＋tend(伸)]原義“伸向”：心向著某人或某事為“注意；照顧”；腳步向著某一地方為“出席；參加”。 [搭配]　attend to處理(生意或個人事務)；接待(顧客) 易混辨析 join/attend/join in/take part in 詞語 辨析 join 指加入某個組織或團體，如軍隊、團隊、政黨等 attend 指參加會議或儀式，如參加婚禮、葬禮、典禮，或上課、上學、聽報告等 join in 側(cè)重指與某人一起做某事，有join sb in sth和join in sth兩種結(jié)構(gòu) take part in 指參加有組織的活動等，并起重要作用 (1)I decided to join the army. 我決定參軍。 (2)I attended the meeting，but didnt join in/take part in the discussion. 我出席了會議，但沒有參加討論。 即學即練 選詞填空：attend/join/take part in/join in。 ①My father was pelled to________ a revolutionary organization in 1938. ②Well ________ social activities during the summer vacation. ③He will ________ an important meeting tomorrow. ④Why didnt you ________ the talk? 完成句子。 ⑤Will you ________ for a while while Im away? 我要出去一會兒，你能不能幫我照看一下店鋪？ ⑥He told me that he had an important party ________ that night. 他告訴我那天晚上他有個重要宴會要參加。 答案：①join?、趖ake part in?、踑ttend?、躩oin in　⑤attend to my shop?、辴o attend 5．expose vt.暴露；顯露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受(危險等)；使接觸到 (教材原句P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但當他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，就感到很受鼓舞。 歸納拓展 搭配 Dont expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要讓嬰兒受到強烈陽光的照射。 即學即練 用expose的適當形式填空或完成句子。 ①She has the courage ________ herself to danger. ②The student ________________ to English for about six years. ③It is unwise ________________ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you. 演奏對自己來說太難的樂曲而使自己難堪是不明智的。 ④They consider it almost a crime ________________ violence and sex on TV. 他們認為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。 答案：①to expose?、趆as been exposed　③to expose yourself?、躷o expose children to 6．every time用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。意為“每次……就”，與each time相同 (教材原句P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次爆發(fā)霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 歸納拓展 在every/each time等引導的時間狀語從句中，如果主句用將來時態(tài)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 可充當連詞的名詞詞組： the＋瞬間名詞(minute，moment，instant) the＋序數(shù)詞＋time 不定代詞(each，every，any)＋time the＋day(week，month，year) 即學即練 完成句子。 ①Do not give a dog bread ________ he wags his tail. 不要有求必應。 ②I found myself in an entirely new world ________ I arrived here. 我一到這里就感到耳目一新。 ③He came out of the classroom ________________． 一下課他就離開了教室。 ④________________，please close the door. 下次進來的時候，請把門關上。 ⑤I thought her nice and honest ________． 我第一次見到她就認為她是一個誠實的好人。 答案：①every time/each time?、趖he moment/the minute　③the moment the class was over?、躈ext/The next time you e in　⑤the first time I saw her 注意：immediately，the moment，directly等與 every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為 “一……就”。如： (1)I will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一見到他就把這封信給他。 (2)I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就來了。 7．suggest v．暗示，表明；提議，建議 (教材原句P2)①The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. 第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。 (教材原句P3)②...John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. ……約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。 [句式分析] 句①中suggest表示“表明，暗示，顯示”，其后的從句用的是陳述語氣；句②中suggest表示“建議”，其后的從句用的是虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“should＋do”，should可以省略。 Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination. 簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下醫(yī)學檢查。 歸納拓展 某些表示“建議，命令，要求”的動詞后面接賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。這類動詞主要有： 一個“堅持”(insist)； 兩道“命令”(order，mand)； 三條“建議”(suggest，advise，remend)； 四點“要求”(demand，desire，request，require)。 即學即練 單句語法填空或完成句子。 ①My friend suggested that I ________(build)up my confidence. ②All the evidence suggested that Tom ________(be)to blame. ③He suggested to Tom that he ________(struggle)to overe his shyness in public，and his expression suggested that he ________(agree)． ④My mother ordered that I not ________(expose)my little sister to strong sunlight. ⑤The evidence suggests single fathers ____________________． 這一證據(jù)顯示，單身父親比單身母親更有可能去工作。 ⑥The teacher suggested the boy ________________________． 老師建議這個男孩應該勇敢地接受挑戰(zhàn)。 答案：①(should)build?、趙as?、?should)struggle　agreed?、躤xpose?、輆re more likely to work than single mothers?、辳hould take up a challenge bravely 8．have/get sth done是“have/get＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓某事被做，遭遇某事”，做事的主體是“別人”而非主語“自己” (教材原句P3)A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都派人從水泵打水運到家里來。 歸納拓展 (1)have sb do sth使某人做某事(do sth作賓補，sb與do為主動關系，相當于make/let sb do sth，get sb to do sth) The teacher had him mend the broken door. 老師讓他修理壞了的門。 (2)have sb doing sth常用在否定句中，特別是用在will not，can not等之后，表示“不能容忍某事發(fā)生”(doing sth作賓補，sb與do之間為主動關系) The teacher cant have students whispering in class. 這位老師不能容忍學生在課堂上竊竊私語。 (3)have...to do有時間(精力/能力/機會等)做某事(have在該結(jié)構(gòu)中并非使役動詞，而是“有”的意思) Do you have time to e here tonight? 今晚你有時間來這里嗎？ 即學即練 單句語法填空或完成句子。 ①My father has a farm and has two men ________(work)for him. ②Claire had her luggage ________(check)an hour before her plane left. ③I wont have you ________(cheat)the customers. ④I have some personal affairs ________(deal)with these days. ⑤I will ________________________ next month. 下個月我要裝修新房子。 ⑥She ________ all her jewellery ________． 她所有的首飾都被偷了。 答案：①work/to work　②checked?、踓heating　④to deal?、輍ave my new house decorated　⑥had　stolen 應用落實 Ⅰ.單句改錯 每句中有1處錯誤，找出并加以改正。 1．Many of the problems remain unsettling. _______________________________________________________ 2．The man dressing in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. _______________________________________________________ 3．The man seating in the chair asked me to sit. _______________________________________________________ 4．Many things were considered impossible in the past are mon today. _______________________________________________________ 5．Most of the people inviting to the party were scientists. _______________________________________________________ 6．All the people present accepted the suggestion was put forward by the chairman. _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.unsettling改為unsettled　2.dressing改為dressed　3.seating改為seated　4.去掉were　5.inviting改為invited　6.去掉was或was前加that/which Ⅱ.單句語法填空 在句中空白處填上適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．He was suspected ________ stealing the money. 2．I dont know who is ________(blame)for the messy room. 3．He suggested I ________(set)aside some time for exercise. 4．The Greens had their milk ________(deliver)to the door every day. 5．Who is responsible ________ this accident? 6．He was taken ________ by the false advertisement. 7．The party came to ________ end at midnight，which was ________ great success. 8．He was strict __________ his son and he was also strict __________ his own work. 9．With her eyes ________(fix)on the TV screen，she didnt noti