2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題10 數(shù)詞和主謂一致01 譯林牛津版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題10 數(shù)詞和主謂一致01 譯林牛津版 高考預(yù)練 1、 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against 答案：D 解析：考查介詞，句意為：“累了，吉姆背倚著樹(shù)，很快就睡著了。”against此處意為：“倚著，靠著”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁邊”；in“在……里面或（時(shí)間）……之后”。 2、 Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice. m A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 答案：Ａw_ 解析：考查系動(dòng)詞辨析。與上句中的eat with their eyes相對(duì)，后句應(yīng)該為點(diǎn)看起來(lái)很好吃的東西。故正確答案為A。 3、 On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 答案：C 解析：考查代詞。take a photo of sb意為給某人照相，此處應(yīng)用人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。 4、Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left． A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up 答案：Bw 解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。get up意為“起床，起立”。句意為“Jenny正在找一個(gè)座位，正在那時(shí)，很幸運(yùn)地，一個(gè)人站起來(lái)離開(kāi)了?！惫蔬xB。1意為“從事，占據(jù)時(shí)間或空間”；C意為“閉嘴”；D意為“建造，搭起”。 5、We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work． A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think 答案：D 解析：考查倒裝。seldom為否定副詞放句首，用部分倒裝，故選D。句意為“我們因笑話(huà)而笑，但很少去思考笑話(huà)怎樣讓我們笑?！? 6、After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision A．that B．which C．when D．where 答案：B 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替前邊整個(gè)句子。句意為：“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時(shí)間去旅游，這結(jié)果證明是一個(gè)明智的決定?！? 7、In many people’s opinion，that pany，though relatively small，is pleasant ． A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with 答案：Aw 解析：考查不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。在某些形容詞后經(jīng)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)，此時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作和句子的主語(yǔ)存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。又如：The apartment is fortable to live in. 8、The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ． A．small B．few C．1arge D．many 答案：C 解析：考查形容詞的用法。the number of 意為“……的數(shù)量”，其后的形容詞應(yīng)為大小，不用多少。又據(jù)句意學(xué)校被移出了市中心，應(yīng)該是學(xué)生的數(shù)量變得太大了，故選C。 9、一I’m sorry．That wasn’t of much help． 一Oh， ．As a matter of fact，it was most helpful． A．sure it was B．it doesn’t matter C．of course not D．thanks anyway 答案：A 解析：考查日常用語(yǔ)。后句中的As a matter of fact, it was most helpful,可知是對(duì)前句表意的否定，所以A項(xiàng)合適。句意為：“對(duì)不起，那幫助不太大。當(dāng)然不是了，實(shí)際上，它很有用?！? 10、How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives． A．what B．who C．how D．why 答案：B 解析：考查介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知應(yīng)是和誰(shuí)去，故選B。句意為“一個(gè)人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和誰(shuí)去，無(wú)論是他的朋友還是親戚?！? 一、數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞分為兩種：基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)目）和序數(shù)詞（表示順序）。 考點(diǎn)一　dozen與score的用法 1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）與具體數(shù)詞或與many，several 等連用時(shí)，后不加s，所修飾的名詞前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋，many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆；dozen，score的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of時(shí)，表示“許多”，是概數(shù)。如：dozens of eggs幾十個(gè)雞蛋，scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。此外，有“數(shù)詞＋score＋of＋名詞”這種用法。如：two score of eggs 40個(gè)雞蛋，three score of people 60個(gè)人。 2．當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these，those，my，your等或是修飾人稱(chēng)代詞賓格them，us，you時(shí)，這時(shí)需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。 考點(diǎn)二　分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，若分子大于1，則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5 Twothirds of the money was spent on food. 考點(diǎn)三　年齡的表達(dá)法 表示某人的確切年齡，用“基數(shù)詞＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基數(shù)詞”，也可直接用基數(shù)詞；表示某人幾十多歲時(shí)，用“in ones＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”來(lái)表達(dá)。 She is still in her twenties.她才二十幾歲。 考點(diǎn)四　年代的表達(dá)法 表示“幾十年代”時(shí)，在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加s或s。 My grandpa was born in 1910s. 二、主謂一致 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂語(yǔ)是否一致時(shí)，要遵循下列三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”也就是平常說(shuō)的從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致，即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)一致問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定，也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“就近一致”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 考點(diǎn)一　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 1．主語(yǔ)為表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、度量、容量、書(shū)名等整體概念的名詞時(shí)。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 2．由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時(shí)。 Every student and every teacher is in the classroom. 3．a(chǎn)nd連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，因而兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)。 The writer and artist has e. Bread and butter is her favourite food. 4．the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800. 5．動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、不定式、從句等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 What he said is very important for us all. 6．one and a half＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞；more than one＋單數(shù)名詞；many a＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. 7．“the＋形容詞”表示一類(lèi)抽象的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The new is sure to replace the old. 考點(diǎn)二　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1．有些集合名詞，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主語(yǔ)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 2．“the＋形容詞或分詞”表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The old are living a happy life now. 3．由and或both...and...連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式（不可數(shù)名詞同樣）。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 考點(diǎn)三　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 1．集合名詞如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果側(cè)重其成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The family which is not big like watching football games. 2．主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等時(shí)，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 A new means has been used by our government. Many means have not e into effect. 3．代詞none，neither，all等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。 All our hope has gone. All the students have e on time. 4．population表示“人口”，即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million. Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers. 考點(diǎn)四　“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 1．有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 2．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，acpanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等連接的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與它們前面的主語(yǔ)取得一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 考點(diǎn)五　“名詞（或代詞）＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. Over 30% of the work has been finished. 2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等構(gòu)成的同類(lèi)型短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 3．“a large amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge quantities of＋不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a good/great deal of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 考點(diǎn)六　就近原則 1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，采用就近一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Are either you or your brother going to the party? 2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。 There are some envelopes and paper for you. 考點(diǎn)七　定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致 1．在定語(yǔ)從句里，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 2．“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad. 3．“the only one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.