高中英語必修2 - Unit 4單元訓(xùn)練及解析

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Unit 4(時間：40分鐘滿分：45分).單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)1I will be away for at least a year；I would appreciate_from you now and then，_me how everyone is getting along.Ahearing；tell Bto hear；tellChearing；telling Dto hear；to tell答案C考查動詞的非謂語形式。appreciate后接動名詞作賓語；第二空為現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。句意：我要離開至少一年的時間，時不時收到你的信告訴我大家的現(xiàn)狀，我會很高興的。2This special school accepts all disabled students，_educational level and background.Aaccording to Bregardless ofCin addition to Din terms of答案B考查介詞短語的辨析。according to根據(jù)；regardless of 不管；不顧；in addition to除之外；in terms of 就而言。句意：這家特校接受所有殘疾的學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平和背景。 3Steps must be taken_this kind of disaster will never happen again.(2012山東諸城市高三月考)Abecause Beven ifCso that Das答案C考查狀語從句的連接詞。so that 以便于；為了，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，復(fù)合句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故C項正確。句意：必須采取措施以避免這種災(zāi)難不再發(fā)生。because因為，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；even if 即使，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；as因為；由于，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。4Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it_.Ahas repaired Bis repairedCis being repaired Dwill be repaired答案C考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由語境可知，橋還在修理中，故用進行時的被動形式。句意：我們?yōu)槭裁床蛔吣菞l路以節(jié)約時間呢？通往那條路的橋還在修理中。5In the last few years thousands of films_all over the world.Ahave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being produced答案B考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由時間狀語in the last few years可知，空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，且films 與produce 之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用完成時的被動形式。句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界共制作了數(shù)千部電影。6The conference has been held to discuss the_of the Japans nuclear radiation on peoples lives in this area.Aeffects BconcernCprotection Dattitudes答案A考查名詞詞義辨析。effect 影響；結(jié)果；concern關(guān)心；擔心；protection保護；attitude態(tài)度。the effect on sth 對的影響。句意：舉行了一次會議來討論日本的核輻射對這一地區(qū)人們的生活的影響。7Many wild animals_，so we must take measures to protect them.(2012山東實驗中學(xué)高三模擬)Aare dying out Bhave died outCdied out Ddie out答案A考查動詞的時態(tài)。die out滅絕。由so we must take measures to protect them可知A項正確。句意：許多野生動物正在滅絕，因此，我們必須采取措施來保護它們。8According to the record reports, one of the rare animals，_crocodile is in_danger of dying out.Aa; the B/ ；asC/ ; the Dthe ; /答案D考查語境中冠詞的用法?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)前可以加a/an /the來表達泛指概念；in danger of 有的危險，為短語搭配形式，danger前不加冠詞，故D項正確。句意：根據(jù)調(diào)查報告顯示，鱷魚正面臨滅絕的危險。9Many developing countries are unwilling to pursue their economic development_destroying the environment despite there being several financial crises. (2012江蘇淮安高三調(diào)研)Aat the risk of Bat the cost ofCat the end of Dat the mercy of答案B考查介詞短語的辨析。at the risk of 冒著的危險；at the cost of 以為代價；at the end of在的末端/盡頭；at the mercy of聽憑的處置。句意：盡管存在金融危機，但許多發(fā)展中國家并不愿意以破壞環(huán)境為代價來追求經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。10Good dietary sources of calcium should_leafy green vegetables, fish，yogurt, tofu and breakfast cereals(谷類食物)Acontain Bpossess Cshare Dinclude答案D考查動詞詞義辨析。contain包含，強調(diào)賓語是主語的組成部分；possess擁有；share 分享；include包含；包括在內(nèi)。由語境可知D項正確。句意：良好的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中鈣的來源主要包括綠葉蔬菜、魚、酸奶、豆腐及適合早餐的谷類食物。11What is that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you that the new machine_.(2012安徽百校論壇高三聯(lián)考)Awas tested Bwill be testedChas been tested Dis being tested答案D考查動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由What is that noise？可知某一動作正在進行，故D項正確。句意：什么聲？噢，我忘記告訴你了，那臺新機器正在檢測。12_moment he saw Zhao Benshans funny performances, he burst into_ laughter.(2012浙江學(xué)軍中學(xué)高三模擬)AA；/ BA；theCThe；/ DThe; a答案C考查語境中冠詞的用法。the moment句子，表示“一就”；burst into laughter 突然大笑起來。句意：他一看到趙本山滑稽的表演就大笑起來。13Always remember that your own decision_is more important than anything else.Ato succeed BsucceedingChaving succeeded Dsucceeded答案A考查動詞的非謂語形式作后置定語。不定式作定語表示該動作還沒有發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示該動作正在進行；過去分詞作定語則表示動作的完成。由語境可知A項正確。句意：永遠牢記你要成功的決定比其它任何東西都重要。14It was not what he said but_he said it that made me surprised.Athe way Bin the way thatCin the way Dthe way which答案A考查名詞way 的用法。the way 表示“的方式”且后接定語從句時從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種形式，即：in which，that 或什么也不加，由此可知A 項正確。句意：使我吃驚的不是他說的話而是他說話的方式。15_in volunteering work，the couple lead a busy and rich life they retired.AEmploying BEmployedCTo employ DBeing employed答案B考查動詞的非謂語形式做狀語。be employed in doing sth 忙于干某事，作狀語時去掉be動詞。句意：由于忙于做志愿工作，那對夫婦退休后過著忙碌而充實的生活。.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes break between classes.But when the bell for the next class rings，you cant _16_ how quickly time has passed.If you are familiar with this _17_，youll know how time flies when you are having fun and _18_ when you are bored.Now scientists have _19_ a reason why this is the case.Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain _20_ according to how we focus on a task.When we are _21_，we concentrate more on how time is passing.And this makes us _22_ the clock is ticking more slowly.In an experiment _23_ by a French laboratory,12 volunteers watched an image _24_ researchers monitored their brain activity.The volunteers were told to _25_ concentrate on how long an image appeared，then _26_ the color of the image，and third，study both the duration and the color.The results showed that the _27_ was more active when the volunteers paid attention to _28_ subjects.It is thought that if the brain is _29_ focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to _30_ its resources，and pays less attention to the clock._31_，time really passes without us _32_ it，and seems to go quickly.If the brain is not so active，it concentrates its _33_ energies on monitoring the passing of time._34_，time seems to drag.Next time you feel bored _35_，perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying!【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文講述了為什么有時我們感覺一節(jié)課時間過得很快，有時過得很慢，這主要是因為人的大腦對于一個任務(wù)的專注程度不同。當大腦專注于一個任務(wù)的多個方面時，它的精力就會被分散，因而就轉(zhuǎn)移了對時間的注意。16A.guess Blearn Cbelieve Ddoubt答案C考查語境與動詞的辨析。課間十分鐘玩得很開心，時間在不知不覺中就過去了。此處用cant believe表示對這段時間飛快流逝的驚訝與感嘆。17A.view Bpoint Cscene Dexperience答案C考查語境與名詞的辨析。上文提到的是一種特定的心理場面，而不是人所經(jīng)歷的某一件具體的事情，故此處表示如果你對這個場景熟悉的話。scene意為“情景，場面”。18A.drags Bstops Cbacks Dgains答案A考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段的解釋可得知答案。也可從此處與前面相同的結(jié)構(gòu)推出答案。drag“過得很慢，拖沓地進行”。19A.thought over Bmade upCcame out Dcome up with答案D考查動詞短語的辨析。think over意為“仔細考慮”；make up意為“組成”；come out意為“出現(xiàn)，露出”；come up with意為“找到，提出”。科學(xué)家是以實驗為基礎(chǔ)進行研究而給出的一種解釋。20A.change Bdevelop Cgrow Dslow答案A考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系下文的實驗可知，當人的大腦集中于一個任務(wù)的多個方面時，就變得比較活躍，反之，則變得不那么活躍。所以當大腦所注意的任務(wù)不同時，大腦的活動狀態(tài)是不一樣的。故A項符合題意。21A.sleepy Bbored Cexcited Dactive答案B考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，人在比較厭煩或感到無事可做的時候，才感覺時間過得很慢。22A.report Bthink Cdecide Dsee答案B考查生活常識。時間過得很慢只是人的主觀感受。23A.produced Bcarried Ctried Dperformed答案D考查語境與動詞搭配?？瞻滋幩钡脑~作定語，應(yīng)與前面的experiment構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，結(jié)合下文進行的實驗可知，只有D項符合。B項若為carried out也是正確答案。24A.so Bwhen Cwhile Dbut答案C考查語境與邏輯關(guān)系，此處用while強調(diào)在實驗過程中，被實驗者與研究人員的任務(wù)對比關(guān)系。25A.partly Bquickly Cslowly Dfirst答案D考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)后面的“then.third”可得知答案。26A.remember Bfocus onCforget Dtell apart答案B考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)下文第29空后的解釋可知，實驗的目的是讓大腦不停地專注于一個任務(wù)的多個方面。27A.researchers BexperimentCclock Dbrain答案D考查語境。此處指被研究人員的大腦思維比較活躍。28A.much Bmany Cless Dmore答案D考查上下文的語境。結(jié)合上文的實驗可知，研究人員是讓實驗者的大腦專注于一個任務(wù)的多個方面。由上文中的“brain was more active”中的more可知，答案為D。29A.busy Blikely Cready Dsure答案A考查語境與固定短語搭配。be busy doing.意為“忙于”，為固定搭配；be likely to do.意為“可能做”；be ready to。30A.focus Bgather Creach Dspread答案D考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，當大腦專注于一個任務(wù)的多個方面時，它的精力就會被分散，因而就轉(zhuǎn)移了對時間的注意。spread意為“使分散，使分布”，符合題意。31A.However BFurthermoreCTherefore DFinally答案C考查語境。此處是上述實驗所得出的一個結(jié)論。32A.recognizing BwatchingCnoticing Dcounting答案C考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)此處的語境可知，此處是指不管我們有沒有注意時間，時間都在流逝。33A.enough Bfull Cright Dproper答案B考查語境與形容詞的辨析。right和proper意為“正確的，恰當?shù)摹?，同義，可排除；enough意為“足夠的”，上下文沒有相應(yīng)的語境，可排除；full意為“最大量的，盡量多的”，符合語境。如果大腦不太活躍的話，就會把大量的精力集中在計算時間的流逝上。34A.In fact BAs a resultCFor example DInstead of答案B考查上下文的語境。本句是根據(jù)前面的分析得出的結(jié)論。35A.in class Bwith workCin mind Dof lessons答案A考查上下文的語境。本句與文章第一段相對應(yīng)，是對第一段在課堂上出現(xiàn)的問題的一種解決方法。另外，根據(jù)文章最后一句也可得出答案。.閱讀理解(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compated them with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The_divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However，the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfried Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(優(yōu)先)for conservation purposes.”【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文為說明文。最近的一項研究表明非洲大象被分為兩種截然不同的物種。36One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _.Athe Asian elephantBthe forest elephantCthe savanna elephantDthe mastodon elephant答案D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons.可知答案為D。37The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means“_”Aevolution BexhibitionCseparation Dexamination答案C詞義猜測題。前面一句講到了這兩種大象分離成不同的物種已有數(shù)百萬年了，由此可判斷divergence在此是“分離”之意。38The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants_.ADNA BheightCweight Dpopulation答案A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知研究人員的結(jié)論是在檢測非洲大象DNA的基礎(chǔ)上得出來的。39What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about?AThe conservation of African elephant.BThe purpose of studying African elephant.CThe way to divide African elephants into two units.DThe reason for the distinction of African elephants.答案A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知Alfred Roca的話主要講的是對不同的非洲大象要分別采取不同的保護措施。40Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ANaturalist Beliefs about ElephantsBAmazing Experiments about ElephantsCAn Unexpected Finding about ElephantsDA Long Scientific Debate about Elephants答案C主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的主題句(第一段)可知選C。寫作素材集錦單詞break間歇，休息句子It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to spread its resources，and pays less attention to the clock.據(jù)說如果人的大腦總忙于集中在一個任務(wù)的多個方面，它就不得不分散它的資源，這樣對時間的關(guān)注就變少了。 8