SD48轉向節(jié)銷孔半精加工工序組合機床方案及工藝裝備設計-鏜削Ф46孔專用夾具含7張CAD圖-獨家.zip

SD48轉向節(jié)銷孔半精加工工序組合機床方案及工藝裝備設計-鏜削Ф46孔專用夾具含7張CAD圖-獨家.zip,SD48,轉向,節(jié)銷孔半,精加工,工序,組合,機床,方案,工藝,裝備,設計,鏜削,46,專用,夾具,CAD,獨家 外文原文 Talk of the electromechanical integration of domestic situation and development Abstract: electromechanical integration of modern science and technology is the inevitable outcome of the development. This paper the basic situation of the electromechanical integration technology at home and abroad were reviewed, and the development background of the electromechanical integration technology, this paper analyzes the developing trends of the electromechanical integration technology. Keywords: mechatronics technology development trend Modern science and technology unceasing development, which greatly promoted the different disciplines, engineering and technical transformation and revolution. In the field of mechanical engineering, electronic and computer technology due to the rapid development and infiltration of mechanical industry formed the electromechanical integration, machinery industry technical structure, product structure, function and composition, production and management system, great changes have taken place in industrial production by "mechanical electrification" to "the electromechanical integration into the stage of development features. 1、electromechanical integration Electromechanical integration refers to the main function, the function, the information processing functions and control functions on introducing electronic technology and electronic devices, mechanical design and software combines the floorboard of the system.Electromechanical integration development has become a new discipline has its system, along with the development of science and technology, but also will be endowed with new contents. But its basic characteristics can be summarized as: electromechanical integration from the viewpoint of system, the comprehensive use of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology and information technology, sensing measurement technology and electronic technology, according to the functions of the system requirements, the reasonable configuration and layout in each function units, muti _ function, high quality, high reliability, low energy consumption on the significance of specific function value, and that the whole system optimization of system engineering. From the function, become a electromechanical systems or electromechanical products. Therefore, "electromechanical integration" cover "technique" and "product" two aspects. Based on the mechatronics technology is the organic integration of technology group, a comprehensive technology, instead of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and other new technology of simple combination, piecing together. This is the electromechanical integration and mechanical and electric forming in the conceptual machinery electrification fundamental distinction. Mechanical engineering technology by pure technical development, still belongs to the traditional mechanical electric machinery, its main function is still instead and magnified system. But, after the electromechanical integration development, including the microelectronics except some mechanical parts of the original function, also endowed with many new features, such as automatic detection, automatic processing information, automatically records, automatic regulation and control, automatic diagnosis and protection, etc. Namely, the mechtronie product is not only a man's hand and body extension, or one of the senses and the mind is outspread, intelligent and mechanical characteristics of mechatronics in function of electrified essential distinction. 2、the electromechanical integration development Electromechanical integration development can be divided into three phases: (1) the 1960s used for the first stage, the stage is called the primary stage. In this period, consciously or unconsciously, people using electronic technology to improve the preliminary results of mechanical products performance. Especially in the second world war, war stimulated mechanical products and electronic technology, combined with the combination of military technology, machinery, civil war to the restoration of postwar economy into positive role. Then, the research and development, from the overall look of spontaneous state in. As the development of electronic technology has not reaches a certain level, mechanical technology and electronic technology is impossible to wide and deep development, has developed a product cannot. (2) in the 20th century 70-80 for the second phase, can be called vigorous development stage. During this period, the computer technology, control technology, the communication technology development, for the development of mechatronics technology. Large-scale, vlsi and microcomputer, for electromechanical integration development provides sufficient material base. This period is characterized by a word first mechatronics in Japan is generally accepted, about the late 1980s worldwide have widely acknowledged, Mechatronics technology and product has been tremendous development, All nations began on electromechanical integration technology and products give a lot of attention and support. (3) in the late 1990s, started mechatronics technology to intelligent direction of the new stage, electromechanical integration into the deep development period. On one hand, optical, communication technology, etc, electromechanical integration into microfabrication techniques in mechatronics in work, optic-mechanical integration and microelectromechanical integration of new branch. Our from the early 1980s began this research and application. The state council established mechatronics leadership team, and the technology in "863" plan. The "ninth five-year plan and the 2010 when fully considering the development outline on the international development trend of the electromechanical integration technology, and the possible impact of. Many colleges and universities, research institutes, and some large and medium-sized enterprises of the technology development and application, do a lot of work, obtained some achievements. But compared with advanced countries such as Japan, there are still gaps. 3、the development trend of the electromechanical integration Electromechanical integration is the machinery, electron, optics, control, computer and information science, the overlapping comprehensive development and progress depends on and promote the development of related technologies. The main development direction of mechatronics roughly in the following aspects: 3.1 intelligence Intelligence is the 21st century mechatronics technology is an important developing direction. Artificial intelligence research in mechatronics, CNC and intelligent robot is one of important applications. What say here "intelligent" is the machine behavior, is on the basis of the theory of control, the absorption of artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics of new thoughts, new methods, make it have judgment reasoning, logical thinking and decision-making, etc, in order to get higher capacity of control targets. Admittedly, make the mechtronie product with a man of intelligence, the same is impossible, is unnecessary. But, with high performance, high speed microprocessors makes the mechtronie product possesses the lower intelligence or partially intelligence, it is entirely possible and necessary. 3.2 modular Modularity is an important and difficult projects. Because the mechtronie product categories and various manufacturers, research and development with standard interface, electrical machinery, dynamic interface and environment interface of the interface mechtronie product unit is a very complicated but very important thing. As intelligent speed reducer, collection development, in one of the power unit, visual, image processing, identification and distance functions such as the control unit, and various kinds of typical operation can finish the mechanical device, etc. With the standard unit can rapidly develop new products, also can expand the scale of production. In order to achieve the above objectives, also need to develop standards, in order to match the components, unit. 3.3 network Due to the popularization of the Internet, network based remote control and monitoring of technology, and remote control terminal equipment itself is the mechtronie product. The fieldbus and LAN technology applied to electrical appliances networking has become a half, use the family network (home) will all sorts of household appliances connected to a computer for center of computer integrated appliance system (computer system, CIAS) appliance done, can make people stay at home can share various high technology brings convenience and happiness. Therefore, the mechtronie product will undoubtedly towards network development. 3.4 miniaturization Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980s, refers to the micro machine and mechatronics microcosmic development trend. Foreign called microelectromechanical system (MEMS), referring to geometric size of mechatronics 1cm does not exceed products, and to the nanometer level, development. Microelectromechanical integration products, small size, low energy consumption, sports, flexible in biological and medical treatment, military, information has incomparable advantage. The development of integration system bottlenecks in micro mechanical technology. Microelectromechanical integration products processing using fine processing technology, i.e., it includes ultra-precision technology lithography techniques and etching technique. 3.5 environmental protection For people living in developed industry brought tremendous changes. On one hand, rich, and life comfortable. On the other hand, resources and ecological environment is polluted. So, people appeal to protect environment, return to natural resources. In the concept of green products under the voice, green is the trend of times. Green products in its design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, specific environmental protection and human health, environmentally-friendly or harm extremely rare, resource utilization. Design of green mechtronie product, has broad prospects for development. The mechtronie product mainly refers to the green, when using, polluting the environment, can be recycled disposed. 3.6 systematization The future of the electromechanical products and people pay more attention to the relationship between the personification of the electromechanical integration, has two meanings: one is to give the mechtronie product of human intelligence, emotion and humanity, etc, is becoming more and more important, especially for household robot, its top state is man-machine integration, Another layer is the biological mechanism, imitation developed all sorts of electromechanical products. In fact, many of the electromechanical products are inspired by animals and developed. To sum up, electromechanical integration appear not isolated, it is the crystallization of many science and technology development, and is the social productive forces development request and product. Of course, and electromechanical integration related technologies and many, and with the development of science and technology, all sorts of technology integration trend will become more and more obvious, electromechanical integration technology development foreground will be more light. 外文資料翻譯譯文 談國內機電一體化的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展 摘要：機電一體化是現(xiàn)代科學技術發(fā)展的必然結果。此文簡述機電一體化技術的基本情況和發(fā)展背景，綜述國內外機電一體化技術的現(xiàn)狀，分析機電一體化技術的發(fā)展趨勢。 關鍵詞： 機電一體化 技術 現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢 現(xiàn)代科學技術的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動了不同學科的交叉與滲透，工程領域的技術改造與革命。在機械工程領域，由于微電子技術和計算機技術的迅速發(fā)展及其向機械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機電一體化，使機械工業(yè)的技術結構、產品結構、功能與構成、生產方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產由“機械電氣化”邁入以“機電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。 1、機電一體化概述 機電一體化是指在機構的主功能、動力功能、信息處理功能和控制功能上引進電子技術，將機械裝置與電子化設計及軟件結合起來所構成的系統(tǒng)的總稱。機電一體化發(fā)展至今已經成為一門有著自身體系的新型學科，隨著科學技術的不斷發(fā)展，還將被賦予新的內容。但其基本特征可概括為：機電一體化是從系統(tǒng)的觀點出發(fā)，綜合運用機械技術、微電子技術、自動控制技術、計算機技術、信息技術、傳感測控技術及電力電子技術，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能目標要求，合理配置與布局各功能單元，在多功能、高質量、高可靠性、低能耗的意義上實現(xiàn)特定功能價值，并使整個系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)工程技術。由此而產生的功能系統(tǒng)，則成為一個機電一體化系統(tǒng)或機電一體化產品。因此，“機電一體化”涵蓋“技術”和“產品”兩個方面。機電一體化技術是基于上述群體技術有機融合的一種綜合技術，而不是機械技術、微電子技術及其它新技術的簡單組合、拼湊。這是機電一體化與機械加電氣所形成的機械電氣化在概念上的根本區(qū)別。機械工程技術由純技術發(fā)展到機械電氣化，仍屬傳統(tǒng)機械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的體系。但是，發(fā)展到機電一體化后，其中的微電子裝置除可取代某些機械部件的原有功能外，還被賦予許多新的功能，如自動檢測、自動處理信息、自動顯示記錄、自動調節(jié)與控制、自動診斷與保護等。也就是說，機電一體化產品不僅是人的手與肢體的延伸，還是人的感官與頭腦的延伸，智能化特征是機電一體化與機械電氣化在功能上的本質區(qū)別。 2、機電一體化的發(fā)展狀況 機電一體化的發(fā)展大體可以分為三個階段：（1）20世紀60年代以前為第一階段，這一階段稱為初級階段。在這一時期，人們自覺不自覺地利用電子技術的初步成果來完善機械產品的性能。特別是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，戰(zhàn)爭刺激了機械產品與電子技術的結合，這些機電結合的軍用技術，戰(zhàn)后轉為民用，對戰(zhàn)后經濟的恢復起到了積極的作用。那時，研制和開發(fā)從總體上看還處于自發(fā)狀態(tài)。由于當時電子技術的發(fā)展尚未達到一定水平，機械技術與電子技術的結合還不可能廣泛和深入發(fā)展，已經開發(fā)的產品也無法大量推廣。（2）20世紀70-80年代為第二階段，可稱為蓬勃發(fā)展階段。這一時期，計算機技術、控制技術、通信技術的發(fā)展，為機電一體化的發(fā)展奠定了技術基礎。大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路和微型計算機的出現(xiàn)，為機電一體化的發(fā)展提供了充分的物質基礎。這個時期的特點是：mechatronics一詞首先在日本被普遍接受，大約到20世紀80年代末期在世界范圍內得到比較廣泛的承認；機電一體化技術和產品得到了極大發(fā)展；各國均開始對機電一體化技術和產品給予很大的關注和支持。（3）20世紀90年代后期，開始了機電一體化技術向智能化方向邁進的新階段，機電一體化進入深入發(fā)展時期。一方面，光學、通信技術等進入機電一體化，微細加工技術也在機電一體化中嶄露頭腳，出現(xiàn)了光機電一體化和微機電一體化等新分支。 我國是從20世紀80年代初才開始進行這方面的研究和應用。國務院成立了機電一體化領導小組，并將該技術列入“863計劃”中。在制定“九五”規(guī)劃和2010年發(fā)展綱要時充分考慮了國際上關于機電一體化技術的發(fā)展動向和由此可能帶來的影響。許多大專院校、研究機構及一些大中型企業(yè)對這一技術的發(fā)展及應用做了大量的工作，取得了一定成果。但與日本等先進國家相比，仍有相當差距。 3、機電一體化的發(fā)展趨勢 機電一體化是集機械、電子、光學、控制、計算機、信息等多學科的交叉綜合，它的發(fā)展和進步依賴并促進相關技術的發(fā)展。機電一體化的主要發(fā)展方向大致有以下幾個方面： 3．1智能化 智能化是21世紀機電一體化技術的一個重要發(fā)展方向。人工智能在機電一體化的研究中日益得到重視，機器人與數(shù)控機床的智能化就是重要應用之一。這里所說的“智能化”是對機器行為的描述，是在控制理論的基礎上，吸收人工智能、運籌學、計算機科學、模糊數(shù)學、心理學、生理學和混沌動力學等新思想、新方法，使它具有判斷推理、邏輯思維及自主決策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目標。誠然，使機電一體化產品具有與人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速度的微處理器使機電一體化產品賦有低級智能或者人的部分智能，則是完全可能而且必要的。 3．2 模塊化 模塊化是一項重要而艱巨的工程。由于機電一體化產品種類和生產廠家繁多，研制和開發(fā)具有標準機械接口、電氣接口、動力接口和環(huán)境接口等的機電一體化產品單元是一項十分復雜但又非常重要的事情。如研制集減速、智能調速、電機于一體的動力單元，具有視覺、圖像處理、識別和測距等功能的控制單元，以及各種能完成典型操作的機械裝置等。有了這些標準單元就可迅速開發(fā)出新產品，同時也可以擴大生產規(guī)模。為了達到以上目的，還需要制定各項標準，以便于各部件、單元的匹配。 3．3 網絡化 由于網絡的普及，基于網絡的各種遠程控制和監(jiān)視技術方興未艾，而遠程控制的終端設備本身就是機電一體化產品?，F(xiàn)場總線和局域網技術的應用使家用電器網絡化已成大勢，利用家庭網絡(home net)將各種家用電器連接成以計算機為中心的計算機集成家電系統(tǒng)(computer integrated appliance system，CIAS)，能使人們呆在家里就可分享各種高技術帶來的便利與快樂。因此，機電一體化產品無疑將朝著網絡化方向發(fā)展。 3．4 微型化 微型化興起于20世紀80年代末，指的是機電一體化向微型機器和微觀領域發(fā)展的趨勢。國外稱其為微電子機械系統(tǒng)（MEMS），泛指幾何尺寸不超過1cm的機電一體化產品，并向微米、納米級發(fā)展。微機電一體化產品體積小，耗能少，運動靈活，在生物醫(yī)療、軍事、信息等方面具有無可比擬的優(yōu)勢。微機電一體化發(fā)展的瓶頸在于微機械技術。微機電一體化產品的加工采用精細加工技術，即超精密技術，它包括光刻技術和蝕刻技術兩類。 3．5 環(huán)?；? 工業(yè)的發(fā)達給人們生活帶來巨大變化。一方面，物質豐富，生活舒適；另一方面，資源減少，生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴重污染。于是，人們呼吁保護環(huán)境資源，回歸自然。綠色產品概念在這種呼聲下應運而生，綠色化是時代的趨勢。綠色產品在其設計、制造、使用和銷毀的生命過程中，符合特定的環(huán)境保護和人類健康的要求，對生態(tài)環(huán)境無害或危害極少，資源利用率極高。設計綠色的機電一體化產品，具有遠大的發(fā)展前景。機電一體化產品的綠色化主要是指，使用時不污染生態(tài)環(huán)境，報廢后能回收利用。 3．6 系統(tǒng)化 未來的機電一體化更加注重產品與人的關系，機電一體化的人格化有兩層含義：一層是如何賦予機電一體化產品人的智能、情感、人性等等，顯得越來越重要，特別是對家用機器人，其高層境界就是人機一體化；另一層是模仿生物機理，研制出各種機電一體化產品。事實上，許多機電一體化產品都是受動物的啟發(fā)而研制出來的。 綜上所述，機電一體化的出現(xiàn)不是孤立的，它是許多科學技術發(fā)展的結晶，是社會生產力發(fā)展到一定階段的必然要求和產物。當然，與機電一體化相關的技術還有很多，并且隨著科學技術的發(fā)展，各種技術相互融合的趨勢將越來越明顯，機電一體化技術的發(fā)展前景也將越來越光明。