2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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必修5Unit 1　Great scientists 【短文語法填空】 When I looked out on the white blanket 1.　　　　　　(cover) the ground,I couldn’t help but smile a bit.It was so beautiful.It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass.In the 2.　　　　　　(distant),I could hear the sound of the snow on the road,the bark of 3.　　　　　 happy dog,and the laughter of children playing outside,4.　　　　　　(enjoy) their day off from school. The sweet music of that laughter 5.　　　　　　(bring) back a hundred memories of winters past.I remembered 6.(catch) snowflakes on my tongue,building snowmen,making snow angels,sledding 7.　　　　　 hills,and always losing the snowball fights with first my brothers and then my own children.Standing there in that warm coat of remembering made the wind a little less cold.I turned up my head,stuck out my tongue,8.　　　　　 for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it.It tasted so 9.(freshness) and clean.It tasted like youth,like joy,and like love.I looked up to the heavens and 10.(sincere) thanked God for all of my memories and for the simple truth that you are never too old to be young again. 答案1.covering　2.distance　3.a　4.enjoying　5.brought 6.catching　7.down　8.and　9.fresh　10.sincerely (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P108) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①__attend__ vt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加 ②__expose__ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 ③__cure__ n．&vt.治愈；痊愈；治療 ④__absorb__ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心 ⑤__suspect__ vt.&n.認(rèn)為；懷疑；被懷疑者；嫌疑犯 ⑥__blame__ vt.&n.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；過失；責(zé)備 ⑦_(dá)_handle__ n．&vt.柄；把手；處理；操縱 ⑧analyse vt.分析 __analysis__ n．分析 ⑨conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出； __conclusion__ n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束 ⑩pollute vt.污染；弄臟 __pollution__ n．污染 ?instruct vt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)__instruction__ n．教授；傳授 __instructions__ n．用法；說明 ?contribute vt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；__contribution__ n．貢獻(xiàn) 2．常考詞匯 ①reject vt.__拒絕；不接受__ ②physician n．__醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師__ ③challenge n．__挑戰(zhàn)__ ④announce vt.__宣布；通告__ ⑤positive adj.__積極的；肯定的__ ⑥enthusiastic adj.__熱情的；熱心的__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Visiting the exhibition will make you __exposed__ (expose) to Chinese traditional culture. Why not have a try？(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 2．He said the lucky woman will __be announced__ (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 3．When the __polluting__ (pollute) industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon __pollution__ (pollute) and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.(2017江蘇卷) 4．Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new __challenges__ (challenge) from the modern market.(2017江蘇卷) 5．However，when something did interest me，I could bee __absorbed__ (absorb)．(2016北京卷) 6．If it weren’t for Rachel Carson，the environmental __movement__ (move) might not exist today.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 7．Several others checked the __instructions__ (instruct)and made something according to one of the model plans provided.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 8．We’re not saying that everyone needs __to contribute__ (contribute) their lives to the poor.(2016四川) ?后綴sion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞集錦 ①admission準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn) ②conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束 ③confusion混亂 ④expression詞組；表達(dá)式 ⑤oppression壓迫；壓制 ⑥permission允許 ⑦profession職業(yè)；專業(yè) ⑧revision修正；復(fù)習(xí) ?后綴ment構(gòu)成的抽象名詞一覽 ①development發(fā)展 ②disappointment失望 ③excitement興奮 ④improvement改進(jìn)，改良 ⑤movement運(yùn)動(dòng) ⑥settlement定居點(diǎn) ⑦treatment對(duì)待，待遇 ⑧judgment判斷 ?后綴ian構(gòu)成的詞 ①Asian亞洲的(人) ②musician音樂家 ③physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 ④Egyptian埃及人 ?含fore前綴的單詞面面觀 ①forehead n．額頭 ②forearm n. 前臂 ③forecast vt. 預(yù)報(bào) ④foresee vt. 預(yù)見 ⑤foreword n. 前言 ⑥foretell v. 預(yù)言；預(yù)示 【完形填空】 Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart. A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a __1__.When the final moment es before __2__，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a __3__ hug that should protect him until he __4__. I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave __5__ because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine. I think of other departures and arrivals.I __7__ seeing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her as if shed been __8__.That year she was in her first year at university，ing home for the first time. Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is __9__ called，I gather my book and luggage.__10__ there is no one to see me off，I do not __11__ to see where I have e from.__12__，I think of my husband at work __13__ if I have left yet. As I head towards the plane，I find myself __14__ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91yearold grandfather died.After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport __15__.My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears，__16__ was looking at us，but I didnt __17__. Life needs the important __18__ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a __19__ could e back to find someone __20__ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off. 1．A.lecture B．goodbye C．dinner D．party 2．A.gathering B．boarding C．a(chǎn)nnouncing D．landing 3．A.powerful B．gentle C．warm D．mon 4．A.leaves B．survives C．returns D．recovers 5．A.frightened B．a(chǎn)nxious C．relaxed D．a(chǎn)lone 6．A.schedule B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．target 7．A.imagine B．enjoy C．recall D．consider 8．A.stolen B．cheated C．lost D．punished 9．A.punctually B．finally C．a(chǎn)bruptly D．repeatedly 10．A.Although B．While C．Till D．Since 11．A.slow down B．get off C．look back D．run away 12．A.However B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 13．A.doubting B．a(chǎn)sking C．predicting D．wondering 14．A.remembering B．forgetting C．planning D．rejecting 15．A.shouting B．crying C．laughing D．whispering 16．A.someone B．everyone C．none D．a(chǎn)nyone 17．A.care B．respond C．scold D．flee 18．A.arrival B．chance C．departure D．moment 19．A.journey B．diet C．picnic D．holiday 20．A.worrying about B．smiling at C．talking of D．waiting for 【解題導(dǎo)語】作者在機(jī)場看到迎接與送行的場景，回憶起與女兒和丈夫的溫馨往事，意識(shí)到人生中需要?dú)g聚與離別這些重要的時(shí)刻。 【核心詞匯】depart vi.離開，出發(fā)　 wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂摟住某人 wait ones turn to do sth.等著輪到某人做某事 think of想起，記起　recall doing sth.回憶起做某事 see sb.off為某人送行　at work在工作，起作用 1．B　結(jié)合上文中出現(xiàn)的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)告別(goodbye)的場景，故選B。 2．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示登機(jī)(boarding)前最后的時(shí)刻，故選B。 3．A　結(jié)合下文中的“protect him”可知，母親在兒子登機(jī)前給他一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的(powerful)擁抱，故選A。gentle“溫柔的”；warm“溫暖的”；mon“共同的，普遍的”。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，快要登機(jī)的時(shí)候，母親給了兒子一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的擁抱，自然是盼望兒子能一路平安并平安歸來，故選C。leave“離開”；survive“幸存，艱難渡過”；recover“恢復(fù)”。 5．D　根據(jù)空后的“because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一個(gè)人(alone)，沒有人來為她送行，所以選D。frightened“害怕的，受驚的”；anxious“焦慮的，渴望的”；relaxed“放松的”。 6．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一個(gè)人離開是因?yàn)樗鶒壑硕加胁煌娜粘贪才?。schedule“日程安排，計(jì)劃表”符合語境，故選A。 7．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者回憶起(recall)女兒上大學(xué)第一次回家的往事，所以選C項(xiàng)。 8．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一把抱住女兒，好像她走失了很久。lost“丟失的，遺失的”符合語境，故選C。 9．B　結(jié)合語境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班終于(finally)通知登機(jī)了，故選B。punctually“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”；abruptly“突然地”；repeatedly“反復(fù)地”。 10．D　根據(jù)語境可知，“__10__ there is no one to see me off”和“I do not __11__ to see where I have e from”是因果關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用Since“因?yàn)?，既然”? 11．C　既然沒有人來送行，作者不需要回頭張望(look back)。slow down“放慢，減速”；get off“下車，離開”；run away“突然離開，逃離”。 12．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者沒有回頭張望，相反地，作者想的是，還在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已經(jīng)離開。故選C項(xiàng)。 13．D　參見上題解析。wonder if...“不知道是否……”符合語境，故選D。 14．A　結(jié)合語境可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己記得(remembering)另一件以前的迎接與送行，故選A。 15．B　結(jié)合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此處應(yīng)用crying。shout“大喊，喊叫”；laugh“大笑，笑”； whisper“低語，悄聲說”。 16．B　此處指的是，因?yàn)樽髡呖奁?，每個(gè)人(everyone)都在看著作者和她的丈夫。故選B。 17．A　雖然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故選A。respond“回復(fù)，作出反應(yīng)”；scold“訓(xùn)斥，責(zé)罵”；flee“逃離”。 18．D　根據(jù)語境可知，人生中一直需要這樣重要的時(shí)刻(moment)，故選D。arrival“到達(dá)”；chance“機(jī)會(huì)”；departure“離開”。 19．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回來時(shí)都能看到有人在等待(waiting for)他們。故選A。 20．D　參見上題解析。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋副詞(介詞) ①put __forward__ 提出；將……提前 ②expose...__to__ 使顯露；暴露 ③link...__to__ 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來 ④lead...__to__ 通向，導(dǎo)致 ⑤look __into__ 調(diào)查；窺視 2．其他形式 ①draw/reach/e __to__/arrive __at__ a conclusion得出結(jié)論 ②apart __from__ 除……之外；此外 ③(be)strict __with__...對(duì)……嚴(yán)格要求的 ④make __no__ sense 毫無意義 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．First we carried out a discussion among all the students where various details __were put forward__.(2017北京卷) 2．We’ll __look into__ the matter first before ing to a decision. 3．It does not __make sense__ to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper. 4．He is easy to get along with.__Apart from__ that，he is a determined boy. 5．She is kind，but she __is strict with__ my study. 6．The television camera was __linked to__ a puter. 7．From what is said above，we can __draw a conclusion__ that puters are more a blessing than a disaster. 【聯(lián)想積累】 ?“動(dòng)詞＋n.＋to”必備短語集錦 ①add...to增添；增加 ②pare...to把……比作 ③devote...to把……專用于；貢獻(xiàn)給 ④expose...to使顯露；暴露 ⑤link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來 ⑥supply...to供應(yīng)給 ?“除……之外”必備短語一覽 ①apart from/aside from除……之外，根據(jù)上下文的不同，可以分別相當(dāng)于besides，except或except for。 ②in addition to除……之外(還，也)，常與also，more，other等連用。 ③except for除……以外，其后所跟的詞往往與前面的不是同一類的，是指整體中除去的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或某一方面。 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。 neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分。 我妻子和我本人都沒能說服女兒改變主意。 __Neither my wife nor I myself am__ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 every time作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 每次我去看她時(shí)，她都全神貫注于研究工作。 __Every time I went to see her__，she was absorbed in her research work. 3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 “only＋狀語(從句)”位于句首時(shí)后面的主句需用部分倒裝。 只要你有目標(biāo)而且持之以恒地去追求，那么你的夢想就能實(shí)現(xiàn)。 Only if you have a goal and go for it with perseverance __can your dreams be achieved__. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father! 【答案】　 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father! 第一處：刪除however?？疾檫B詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，表語放句首時(shí)，從句倒裝，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，however多余。 第二處：her→his。考查代詞。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致，可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。 第三處：neighbor→neighbors。考查名詞所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語，修飾名詞window。 第四處：has→had?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與asked呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的過去。 第五處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語境，故用定冠詞the。 第六處：scold→scolding。考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語。 第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。 第八處：and→but?？疾檫B詞，not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用連詞but。 第九處：what→how。考查疑問詞。與teaches呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示方式，故用how。 第十處：luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞lucky作表語。