2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解。 Angry men appear to gain influence in a group,but angry women lose influence,according to a new study.Researchers from Arizona State University(ASU)published their findings in the journal Law and Human Behavior.Jessica Salerno is a psychologist and was co­author of the study.The findings suggest that“women might not have the same opportunity for influence when they express anger”. The study found that when men expressed their opinion with anger,participants rated them as more believable.But when women expressed anger,they were viewed as more emotional and,thus,less convincing.In other words,a man could benefit from using anger in power and persuasion.A woman,however,could be ignored or hurt by her group if she expressed anger. The study was based on the responses of 210 students.They were shown evidence and photographs online from a real murder trial.A man was said to have murdered his wife.The students were asked to decide if the man was guilty or not. Before making their decision,the students discussed the case online with five jurors(陪審員).But these were not real jurors:They were puters making responses and ments back to the students.Some of the fake jurors had male identities. Others had female identities. Some male jurors were angry about the judgment.When this happened,the students reacted by doubting their own decisions about the case.Confidence in their responses on the judgment “dropped obviously,”said the study.But,when female jurors seemed angry,the student participants“became obviously more confident in their original judgments,”the study found. The study could have wider importance.“Our results have implications(啟示)for any woman who is trying to have influence on a decision in their workplace and everyday lives,”said Salerno.She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger. 1.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Powerful Men Must Be Those Who Often Get Angry B.Women,be Careful Not to Turn Angry Easily C.Angry Men Win Influence While Angry Women Lose D.Angry Women Are Not Unfit for Leaders While Men Are 2.The underlined word“rated”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by“________.” A.forgave B.ignored C.regarded D.praised 3.How did the students react to the female jurors anger with their judgments? A.They more firmly stuck to their judgments. B.They began to doubt about their judgments. C.They gave up their judgments willingly. D.They had to change their judgments. 4.If a woman politician wants to have more influence,shed better________. A.always keep smiling B.avoid losing her temper C.bee angry D.give orders firmly 參考答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B 解析： 1.[主旨大意題。本文討論的話題是生氣的男人更有影響力,而生氣的女人卻會減少影響力。由主題段第一段得出。] 2.[詞義猜測題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)男人用氣憤的方式表達(dá)意見時(shí),參與者認(rèn)為他們更可信。rate此處的意思是“認(rèn)為”,與regard同義。] 3.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。試驗(yàn)中,如果女陪審員對學(xué)生的判斷生氣,學(xué)生會更堅(jiān)信自己的判斷。由第五段最后一句得出。] 4.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。女政治家要想獲得更大的影響力,不要生氣發(fā)火。由第六段She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger得出。] 二、單句語法填空 1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people. 答案：is associated　be associated with ... “與……有關(guān)”。 2．Though we are living a better life, I cant bear ________(see) food thrown away. 答案：seeing　cant bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。 3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates? 答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……與……區(qū)分/辨別開”。 4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population. 答案：that　bear in mind that ... “記住……”。 5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job. 答案：practical　此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實(shí)用的；實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的”。 6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 答案：expectation　由空前的冠詞可知應(yīng)填名詞。 7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed. 答案：seizing　該句為“only＋狀語”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，且均作by的賓語，故由facing可知應(yīng)填seizing。 8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 答案：that　該句為含有not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。由該句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，應(yīng)填that。 9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it. 答案：tapped　由but連接并列成分可知，設(shè)空處動詞在句中作謂語；且后面并列句的謂語為didnt ...，所以空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)填tapped。 10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a puter can be lower than store prices. 答案：bought　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語修飾goods。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 I am a social worker.I wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago. I met him many years ago while doing my internship(實(shí)習(xí)期)in the country prison.He was __1__ a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and alcohol problems.He was always __2__ new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their __3__. One of his favorite __4__ was the Toy Drive.He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.He did this for twenty years __5__ his sudden death.As last Christmas __6__，I decided that this tradition had to be __7__，for the children as well as the __8__ of my friend. But the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was __9__.I had to start anew(重新) and with very little __10__！I started making phone calls，explaining about the project and my __11__.I prayed every night that the event would，__12__，be worthy of my friend.To my great __13__，individuals，churches and businesses began to e on board and，__14__，I had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local munity __15__！ When Christmas Eve finally arrived，I felt very happy，thinking I had done all I could do and reflecting on what a(n) __16__ it had been for me.I was bagging up the remaining toys __17__ if there was anyone left who might like them.Then my phone rang. It was my daughter.She __18__ to explain about a woman she knew in Kentucky who had five children，one seriously ill，no husband，no heating in the home，no toys！Oh！How could we not? My daughter and I drove all night，from New York to Kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of __19__！ My friends __20__ of kindness lived on that year，reaching all the way to Kentucky! 1．A.recording B．a(chǎn)ttending C．directing D．improving 2．A.putting up with B．ing up with C．keeping up with D．catching up with 3．A.group B．family C．pany D．club 4．A.events B．sports C．hobbies D．games 5．A.after B．since C．because D．until 6．A.arrived B．followed C．a(chǎn)pproached D．finished 7．A.carried out B．lived on C．carried on D．lived out 8．A.benefit B．memory C．pleasure D．favor 9．A.active B．extra C．hiding D．missing 10．A.time B．pressure C．energy D．confidence 11．A.difficulties B．impression C．importance D．a(chǎn)tmosphere 12．A.otherwise B．however C．somehow D．though 13．A.curiosity B．disappointment C．relief D．thought 14．A.eventually B．occasionally C．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．generally 15．A.in particular B．a(chǎn)s well C．once more D．a(chǎn)t first 16．A.honor B．pity C．burden D．discovery 17．A.predicting B．wondering C．evaluating D．realizing 18．A.drove B．came C．returned D．called 19．A.chocolates B．candies C．toys D．flowers 20．A.spirit B．position C．courage D．a(chǎn)ttention 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者多年前在實(shí)習(xí)期間被朋友幫助他人的精神所感動，而在朋友逝世后繼續(xù)朋友的活動以使朋友的精神得以延續(xù)的感人故事。 【核心詞匯】file n．文件箱，文件夾　reflect v．反射，仔細(xì)思考　remaining adj.剩余的，留下的 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”，并與空后的“program”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者的朋友當(dāng)時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)這樣的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。record“記錄，記載”；attend“參加，出席，到場”；improve“提升”；direct“負(fù)責(zé)，管理”。 2．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示想出辦法。put up with“忍受”；e up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“趕上”。 3．B　根據(jù)下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”可推知，作者的朋友不僅幫助那些服刑的人，而且還幫助他們的家人。 4．A　根據(jù)下文的“I started making phone calls, explaining about the project”可推知，此處作者介紹了朋友最喜歡做的活動項(xiàng)目，與下文的“I prayed every night that the event would，__12__，be worthy of my friend”呼應(yīng)。event“事件，活動”。 5．D　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者的朋友堅(jiān)持了20年，一直做這樣的活動，直到最后自己突然離逝。 6．C　根據(jù)語境可知，朋友去世后，在上一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，作者準(zhǔn)備把這個(gè)圣誕傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)下去，且與下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼應(yīng)。approach“臨近”。 7．C　參見上題解析。carry out“實(shí)行”；live on“以……為生”；carry on“繼續(xù)”；live out“不住在工作場所，實(shí)現(xiàn)某事(指曾計(jì)劃或期望的事)”。 8．B　上一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，為了孩子們，也為了朋友的善意行為，作者決定延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。benefit“好處，益處”；memory“記憶”；pleasure“樂趣”；favor“善意的行為”。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的“I had to start anew(重新)and with very little __10__”可推知，之前朋友所幫助過的人的信息都丟失了，作者不得不重新獲取。extra“額外的，另外的”；missing“找不到的，丟失的”。 10．A　根據(jù)上文的“As last Christmas __6__，I decided that this tradition had to be __7__，for the children as well as the __8__ of my friend”可知，圣誕節(jié)馬上來臨了，作者找到朋友幫助過的人的信息的時(shí)間并不多。pressure“壓力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。 11．A　在時(shí)間緊、文件丟失的情況下，作者要繼續(xù)朋友生前的活動是困難的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“氣氛”。 12．C　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者每晚祈禱，這樣的活動能以某種方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否則，要不然”；somehow“以某種方式”。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的“individuals，churches and businesses began to e on board”可推知，大家都來幫忙，因此作者很寬慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“寬慰”。 14．A　根據(jù)下文的“I had enough toys”可推知，作者在大家的幫助下，最終收集到了活動所需要的足夠多的玩具。eventually“最終”；occasionally“偶爾，偶然，間或”；absolutely“完全地，絕對地”；generally“總體上來說，大致”。 15．B　根據(jù)上文的“with some left over for the local munity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不僅夠活動本身用，還有剩余。in particular“尤其，特別”；as well“也”；once more“再一次”；at first“開始”。 16．A　根據(jù)上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地舉辦了圣誕節(jié)活動，感覺能夠?yàn)槭湃サ呐笥炎鲂┲档玫氖率呛艽蟮臉s幸。honor“榮譽(yù)，榮幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“負(fù)擔(dān)”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。 17．B　根據(jù)上文的“I was bagging up the remaining toys”，并與本句中的if條件句呼應(yīng)可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜歡剩余的玩具。predict“預(yù)計(jì)”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“評估”；realize“實(shí)現(xiàn)，意識到”。 18．D　根據(jù)上文的“Then my phone rang”和“It was my daughter”可知，是作者的女兒打來了電話。 19．C　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者和女兒一路驅(qū)車去很遠(yuǎn)的地方給孩子們送圣誕節(jié)玩具。 20．A　根據(jù)上文可知，作者的朋友已經(jīng)逝世，作者通過把其生前的活動繼續(xù)下去，讓這種仁慈的精神繼續(xù)存活。spirit“精神”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→up　call up “使回憶起；給……打電話”。 2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第二個(gè)the　out of order “發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒”。 3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→about或doing→to do　set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “著手/開始做……”。 4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital. ___________________________________________________ 答案：knock→knocked　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語，修飾the boy, 表被動，故應(yīng)把knock改為knocked。 5．The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening. ____________________________________________________ 答案：abruptly→abrupt　修飾動名詞短語ending speaking應(yīng)用形容詞，故將abruptly改為abrupt。 五、七選五 Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Here’s your to－do list： Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC remends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderate－intensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorous－intensity aerobic activity, plus muscle－strengthening activity at least two days per week. Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You can’t change what you’re not aware of or don’t acknowledge.” Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night? 4． . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” C．Nathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD. If you’re not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. It’s not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. . A．How intense is that activity B．Consider your social network C．The idea is to write it down without judgment D．It’s time to learn something about the social apps E．It’s OK if you leave out some items in your food diary F．It is the awareness of your own state of health that matters G．Are you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了掌握自身健康狀況的方法。 1．A　解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Assess your activity.”以及關(guān)鍵詞activity可知A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。A項(xiàng)與“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”為并列問句。 2．C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about.”可知，空處應(yīng)講的是不做評判地記下一天要吃的食物。所以C項(xiàng)正確。 3．G　解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的關(guān)鍵詞mood與G項(xiàng)中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼應(yīng)；G項(xiàng)與空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”為并列問句。 4．B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要講述的是要有社交活動，B項(xiàng)中的“social network”與此呼應(yīng)。所以選B。 5．F　解析：根據(jù)空前的“It’s not about being ‘good’or‘bad’，‘right’or‘wrong’．”可知，選F項(xiàng)“意識到你自身的健康狀況是很重要的”。