2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解。 Bees play a vital role in the world.Unfortunately，bees are dying by the second. The main purpose of bees is to make honey.Honey, shockingly，does not exist for human consumption；it is essential to the insects.Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.They collect pollen(花粉)which supplies protein for young bees to grow. According to National Honey Board，the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year.These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee, beans，and broccoli. So if they are so valuable to agriculture，why do they keep dying off？A key suspect seems to be pesticides(農(nóng)藥)．Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)functions, specifically memory or behavior.And thats why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen，plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen.There are several other causes of the decline of bees，including the destruction of natural habitats，like woodlands，forests，and other habitats for bees.Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population. Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants.Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home，so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers. 1．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives? A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume. B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees. C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger. D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter. 2．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that ________. A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year 3．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind? A．The lack of food. B．The abuse of pesticides. C．The fighting among bees. D．The destruction of the habitats. 4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A．Another way to save bees. B．Other tips for choosing seeds. C．More methods to plant green organic fruits. D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起著重要的作用，但是由于農(nóng)藥的濫用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文給出了增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法和建議。 【難句分析】These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans, and broccoli. 分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句，句中we eat today為省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the fruits and vegetables。 譯文：這些昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)我們?nèi)缃袼秤玫某^(guò)70種的水果和蔬菜負(fù)責(zé)，包括蘋(píng)果、葡萄、咖啡、豆類(lèi)和西蘭花。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period”可知，蜜蜂儲(chǔ)藏蜂蜜是為了增強(qiáng)飛行肌肉的力量，在冬天為蜂箱加熱，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli”可知，該段提及蘋(píng)果和豆類(lèi)旨在說(shuō)明蜜蜂對(duì)水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And thats why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，農(nóng)藥的濫用導(dǎo)致了工蜂離開(kāi)蜂箱，故B項(xiàng)正確。 4．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants”可知，該段主要介紹了幫助蜜蜂增加數(shù)量的方法之一：種植對(duì)蜜蜂無(wú)害的植物。據(jù)此可以推斷，下文將介紹其他的幫助增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法，故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people. 答案：is associated　be associated with ... “與……有關(guān)”。 2．Though we are living a better life, I cant bear ________(see) food thrown away. 答案：seeing　cant bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。 3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates? 答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……與……區(qū)分/辨別開(kāi)”。 4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population. 答案：that　bear in mind that ... “記住……”。 5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job. 答案：practical　此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實(shí)用的；實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的”。 6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 答案：expectation　由空前的冠詞可知應(yīng)填名詞。 7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed. 答案：seizing　該句為“only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，且均作by的賓語(yǔ)，故由facing可知應(yīng)填seizing。 8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 答案：that　該句為含有not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。由該句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，應(yīng)填that。 9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it. 答案：tapped　由but連接并列成分可知，設(shè)空處動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)；且后面并列句的謂語(yǔ)為didnt ...，所以空格處也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)填tapped。 10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a puter can be lower than store prices. 答案：bought　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作后置定語(yǔ)修飾goods。 三、完形填空。 Not many people can say theyve been hit by a vehicle, but I can. I rode my bike to my daily. __1__ practice in a gym last summer. I crossed the street as the light __2__ ; however, a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car. Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood(引擎蓋) onto the other side of the car. You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless. The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving, so her __6__ was clearly drawn away from driving, which caused the accident. After assessing my __7__ and believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way, I __8__ and talked to the woman driver. I could tell she was obviously quite __9__. So was I. After assuring her of my wellbeing, we __10__ ways. __11__ my surprisingly shabby bicycle, I went on my way. I rode into the __12__ 20 minutes late. Upon my arrival, my tennis coach and friends asked me why I was late. Nervously, I __13__ the car accident. Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was. In fact, I __15__ joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape. After this __16__， I realize the importance of bike lanes and watching out for pedestrians. Now as I drive, I always __17__ for people on bikes so that they do not __18__ the same fate (命運(yùn)) that I did. __19__， for all the bikers and runners out there, watch out for cars, as one small mistake could __20__ an unforgivable mistake. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。“我”在騎車(chē)去體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓(xùn)練的途中，被一輛跑車(chē)撞到，幸運(yùn)的是“我”的骨頭沒(méi)有受傷。通過(guò)這起事故，“我”意識(shí)到了自行車(chē)車(chē)道和注意行人的重要性。 1．A.football B．tennis C．volleyball D．badminton 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“my tennis coach”可以判斷，“我”騎自行車(chē)到體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓(xùn)練，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．A.permitted B．broke C．a(chǎn)ppeared D．exploded 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“I crossed the street”可知，“我”穿過(guò)了街道；根據(jù)常識(shí)可以判斷，此舉是在信號(hào)燈的允許(permitted)下進(jìn)行的，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 3．A.passed B．greeted C．hit D．met 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)該句中的“a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car”，并結(jié)合第一段第一句中的“been hit by a vehicle”可知，一位年輕的女士開(kāi)著跑車(chē)撞到了“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“撞擊，擊中”，符合語(yǔ)境。 4．A.romantic B．humorous C．a(chǎn)wkward D．dangerous 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)該句“Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood (引擎蓋) onto the other side of the car.”可知，就像詹姆斯邦德在非常危險(xiǎn)的(dangerous)情況下那樣，“我”從引擎蓋上滾到了車(chē)的另一邊。 5．A.how B．if C．when D．where 答案與解析：A　分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在賓語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；結(jié)合該句“You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless.”及語(yǔ)境可知，你可能想知道，一個(gè)女司機(jī)怎么會(huì)如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故選A。 6．A.passion B．a(chǎn)ttention C．interest D．excitement 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)該句中的“The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving”可知，這位女士在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)打電話。據(jù)此可以判斷，她的注意力(attention)不在開(kāi)車(chē)上。 7．A.needs B．behaviors C．injuries D．conclusions 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)該句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way”可以判斷，這是在對(duì)“我”的傷勢(shì)進(jìn)行評(píng)定。C項(xiàng)意為“損傷”，符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“需要”；B項(xiàng)意為“行為”；D項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)論”。 8．A.stood up B．walked away C．lay down D．blew up 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged”可知，“我”的骨頭都沒(méi)有受傷；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”站起身和那位女司機(jī)說(shuō)話。A項(xiàng)意為“站起身”，符合語(yǔ)境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“走開(kāi)”；C項(xiàng)意為“躺下”；D項(xiàng)意為“爆炸，爆發(fā)”。 9．A.rude B．cautious C．forgetful D．scared 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被這位女司機(jī)開(kāi)的跑車(chē)撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，這位女司機(jī)很害怕(scared)，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“粗魯?shù)摹保籅項(xiàng)意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”；C項(xiàng)意為“健忘的”。 10．A.parted B．cleared C．explored D．changed 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“After assuring her of my wellbeing”可以判斷，在讓她確信“我”身體沒(méi)事以后，我們就分開(kāi)(parted)了。 11．A.Turning in B．Picking up C．Putting aside D．Giving away 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被女司機(jī)駕駛的跑車(chē)撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”扶起(Picking up)了“我”的破爛的自行車(chē)就上路了。A項(xiàng)意為“交還”；C項(xiàng)意為“把……放在一邊，撇開(kāi)”；D項(xiàng)意為“泄露”。 12．A.garage B．parking lot C．gym D．bike store 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”騎車(chē)進(jìn)了體育館(gym)，故選C。 13．A.avoided B．ignored C．prevented D．mentioned 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)該段最后一句中的“saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并結(jié)合該句“Nervously, I __13__ the car accident”可知，緊張之余，“我”提到(mentioned)了這起事故。 14．A.grateful B．inspired C．a(chǎn)nxious D．curious 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”提到了這起事故；結(jié)合該句“Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was.”可以判斷，他們似乎比“我”更加擔(dān)心(anxious)。A項(xiàng)意為“感激的”；B項(xiàng)意為“能力卓越的”；D項(xiàng)意為“好奇的”。 15．A.still B．even C．just D．yet 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)該句中的“joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并結(jié)合前一句他們似乎比“我”更加擔(dān)心的描述可知，事實(shí)上，“我”甚至(even)開(kāi)起了玩笑。 16．A.attempt B．sacrifice C．exploration D．a(chǎn)ccident 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)上下文可知，在這起事故(accident)之后，“我”意識(shí)到了自行車(chē)車(chē)道和密切注意行人的重要性。A項(xiàng)意為“嘗試”；B項(xiàng)意為“犧牲”；C項(xiàng)意為“探索”。 17．A.look out B．work out C．e out D．set out 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“so that they do not __18__ the same fate(命運(yùn)) that I did”可知，現(xiàn)在“我”開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)總要密切注意(look out)騎自行車(chē)的人，這樣他們就不會(huì)遭受(suffer)與“我”同樣的命運(yùn)。B項(xiàng)意為“鍛煉”；C項(xiàng)意為“公開(kāi)表明”；D項(xiàng)意為“出發(fā)”。 18．A.accept B．deserve C．suffer D．escape 答案與解析：C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“接受”；B項(xiàng)意為“應(yīng)得”；D項(xiàng)意為“逃跑”。 19．A.Thus B．However C．Otherwise D．Also 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”現(xiàn)在開(kāi)車(chē)總要密切注意騎自行車(chē)的人，同樣(Also)，對(duì)于所有的騎自行車(chē)的人和跑步者，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意來(lái)往車(chē)輛，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致(cause)一個(gè)不可原諒的錯(cuò)誤。 20．A.repeat B．cause C．correct D．realize 答案與解析：B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→up　call up “使回憶起；給……打電話”。 2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第二個(gè)the　out of order “發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒”。 3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→about或doing→to do　set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “著手/開(kāi)始做……”。 4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital. ___________________________________________________ 答案：knock→knocked　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the boy, 表被動(dòng)，故應(yīng)把knock改為knocked。 5．The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening. ____________________________________________________ 答案：abruptly→abrupt　修飾動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)ending speaking應(yīng)用形容詞，故將abruptly改為abrupt。 五、七選五 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 　 2 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于說(shuō)明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來(lái)美好的視覺(jué)享受，文章中給出了兩個(gè)自己建設(shè)花園的具體建議。 1.F 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，這里是在講＂你是否曾去過(guò)一個(gè)花園……但是它不是偶然發(fā)生的＂。故F項(xiàng)＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合語(yǔ)境。 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此處表達(dá)的是人們種植花園的不同原因，而E項(xiàng)中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂與上下文銜接自然，故選E項(xiàng)。 4.C 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此處講的應(yīng)是什么是重要的，故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂與G項(xiàng)中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼應(yīng)，故選G項(xiàng)。