2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Earthquakes 一、閱讀理解。 Whenever we see a button, we want to press it because we know that something will happen.This is true in most cases, for example, on a doorbell.But some buttons are actually fake(假的), like the “close” button on a lift. Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close” button because they don’t have the patience to wait.But lifts’ “close” buttons are a plete trick, at least in the U．S.—the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press. It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the U．S., making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter safely.Only repair workers can use the buttons to speed up the door closing process if they have special keys. But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t pletely useless.According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control. “A sense of control is very important.It reduces stress and increases wellbeing，” said Ellen J．Langer, a psychology professor at Harvard University.Experts also added that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives for this same purpose. For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.Pressing them used to help make the traffic signals change faster, but that was before putercontrolled traffic signals were introduced. But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little “white lies”， they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了我們平時生活中所見到的按鈕可能是不起作用的。 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe different fake buttons. B．To explore the functions of fake buttons. C．To analyze various habits of pushing buttons. D．To explain the disadvantages of fake buttons. B　解析：寫作意圖題。通讀整篇文章可知，作者通過舉例子介紹了不同地點的虛假按鈕，其目的是探求這些虛假按鈕的功能。故選B。 2．What can we learn about the “close” buttons on a lift in America? A．They work when people press them hard. B．They were designed for a sense of control. C．They never speed up the doorclosing process. D．They take the safety of the disabled into account. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第一句可知， 美國電梯里的“關(guān)閉”按鈕是為了確保殘疾人能安全地通過。故選D。 3．What can we infer about pedestrian crosswalk buttons? A．They can make people feel better. B．They help puters work faster. C．They can control the traffic signals. D．They help pedestrians cross safely. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control”和第六段中的“For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.”可知， 人行橫道按鈕也沒有實現(xiàn)其功能，但可以讓人們感覺好一點，故選A。 4．Which may be the best title for the passage? A．Buttons in the U．S.A. B．Buttons Always Lie C．Buttons May Not Work D．“Close” Buttons on Lifts C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了有些按鈕只是形式上的，而不具備真正的實際功能。故C項“按鈕可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故選C。 二、單句語法填空 1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 答案：was trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。 2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face. 答案：expression　由空前的“an excited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞 expression “表情”。 3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)． 答案：were destroyed　動詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動，且指過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points. 答案：an　e to an end “結(jié)束”。 5．Dont forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good. 答案：sincerely　副詞 sincerely “真誠地”，在此處修飾動詞praise。 6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)． 答案：injury　由空前的his可知，應(yīng)填名詞injury “受傷；傷害”。 7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment. 答案：congratulations　由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)． 答案：shocked　此處形容詞shocked “感到震驚的”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 答案：highly　think highly of “高度評價……”，是固定搭配。 10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain. 答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。 三、完形填空。 Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart. A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a __1__.When the final moment es before __2__，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a __3__ hug that should protect him until he __4__. I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave __5__ because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine. I think of other departures and arrivals.I __7__ seeing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her as if shed been __8__.That year she was in her first year at university，ing home for the first time. Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is __9__ called，I gather my book and luggage.__10__ there is no one to see me off，I do not __11__ to see where I have e from.__12__，I think of my husband at work __13__ if I have left yet. As I head towards the plane，I find myself __14__ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91yearold grandfather died.After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport __15__.My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears，__16__ was looking at us，but I didnt __17__. Life needs the important __18__ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a __19__ could e back to find someone __20__ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off. 1．A.lecture B．goodbye C．dinner D．party 2．A.gathering B．boarding C．a(chǎn)nnouncing D．landing 3．A.powerful B．gentle C．warm D．mon 4．A.leaves B．survives C．returns D．recovers 5．A.frightened B．a(chǎn)nxious C．relaxed D．a(chǎn)lone 6．A.schedule B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．target 7．A.imagine B．enjoy C．recall D．consider 8．A.stolen B．cheated C．lost D．punished 9．A.punctually B．finally C．a(chǎn)bruptly D．repeatedly 10．A.Although B．While C．Till D．Since 11．A.slow down B．get off C．look back D．run away 12．A.However B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 13．A.doubting B．a(chǎn)sking C．predicting D．wondering 14．A.remembering B．forgetting C．planning D．rejecting 15．A.shouting B．crying C．laughing D．whispering 16．A.someone B．everyone C．none D．a(chǎn)nyone 17．A.care B．respond C．scold D．flee 18．A.arrival B．chance C．departure D．moment 19．A.journey B．diet C．picnic D．holiday 20．A.worrying about B．smiling at C．talking of D．waiting for 【解題導(dǎo)語】作者在機(jī)場看到迎接與送行的場景，回憶起與女兒和丈夫的溫馨往事，意識到人生中需要歡聚與離別這些重要的時刻。 【核心詞匯】depart vi.離開，出發(fā)　 wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂摟住某人 wait ones turn to do sth.等著輪到某人做某事 think of想起，記起　recall doing sth.回憶起做某事 see sb.off為某人送行　at work在工作，起作用 1．B　結(jié)合上文中出現(xiàn)的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空處應(yīng)該是一個告別(goodbye)的場景，故選B。 2．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示登機(jī)(boarding)前最后的時刻，故選B。 3．A　結(jié)合下文中的“protect him”可知，母親在兒子登機(jī)前給他一個強(qiáng)有力的(powerful)擁抱，故選A。gentle“溫柔的”；warm“溫暖的”；mon“共同的，普遍的”。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，快要登機(jī)的時候，母親給了兒子一個強(qiáng)有力的擁抱，自然是盼望兒子能一路平安并平安歸來，故選C。leave“離開”；survive“幸存，艱難渡過”；recover“恢復(fù)”。 5．D　根據(jù)空后的“because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一個人(alone)，沒有人來為她送行，所以選D。frightened“害怕的，受驚的”；anxious“焦慮的，渴望的”；relaxed“放松的”。 6．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一個人離開是因為所愛之人都有不同的日程安排。schedule“日程安排，計劃表”符合語境，故選A。 7．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者回憶起(recall)女兒上大學(xué)第一次回家的往事，所以選C項。 8．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一把抱住女兒，好像她走失了很久。lost“丟失的，遺失的”符合語境，故選C。 9．B　結(jié)合語境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班終于(finally)通知登機(jī)了，故選B。punctually“準(zhǔn)時地”；abruptly“突然地”；repeatedly“反復(fù)地”。 10．D　根據(jù)語境可知，“__10__ there is no one to see me off”和“I do not __11__ to see where I have e from”是因果關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用Since“因為，既然”。 11．C　既然沒有人來送行，作者不需要回頭張望(look back)。slow down“放慢，減速”；get off“下車，離開”；run away“突然離開，逃離”。 12．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者沒有回頭張望，相反地，作者想的是，還在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已經(jīng)離開。故選C項。 13．D　參見上題解析。wonder if...“不知道是否……”符合語境，故選D。 14．A　結(jié)合語境可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己記得(remembering)另一件以前的迎接與送行，故選A。 15．B　結(jié)合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此處應(yīng)用crying。shout“大喊，喊叫”；laugh“大笑，笑”； whisper“低語，悄聲說”。 16．B　此處指的是，因為作者哭泣，每個人(everyone)都在看著作者和她的丈夫。故選B。 17．A　雖然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故選A。respond“回復(fù)，作出反應(yīng)”；scold“訓(xùn)斥，責(zé)罵”；flee“逃離”。 18．D　根據(jù)語境可知，人生中一直需要這樣重要的時刻(moment)，故選D。arrival“到達(dá)”；chance“機(jī)會”；departure“離開”。 19．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回來時都能看到有人在等待(waiting for)他們。故選A。 20．D　參見上題解析。 四、單句改錯 1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help. ________________________________________________________ 答案：第一個so→too　too ... to do “太……而不能”。 2．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands. ________________________________________________________ 答案：buried→burying　此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Judged→Judging　judging from ... “由……來判斷”。 4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy. ________________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　a number of opportunities “許多機(jī)會”。 5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked. ________________________________________________________ 答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副詞“極其，非?！?，此處修飾形容詞shocked。 五、短文改錯 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me. 【答案】　 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me. 第一處：most前加the?？疾楣谠~。母親節(jié)前一天，我周圍的所有人都在談?wù)撌裁词撬麄儗槟赣H買的最合適的禮物。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞的最高級，故在most前加the。 第二處：were→was。考查主謂一致。動名詞短語Buying flowers作主語時謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式，故將were改為was。 第三處：differently→different?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾不定代詞something需用形容詞。注意：different在此作后置定語。 第四處：去掉so。考查連詞。as“因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，故后面的so多余。 第五處：sent→send?？疾閯釉~。and連接的不是并列的謂語動詞，而是不定式，第二個不定式前的to承前省略了。 第六處：what→which。考查定語從句。先行詞為suggestions，非限制性定語從句缺主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。注意：what不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。 第七處：it→them。考查代詞。指代前面的suggestions，需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them。 第八處：feel→feeling?？疾槊~。feel作名詞表示“觸覺，印象”，而feeling作名詞表示“想法，意見，感覺”，顯然此處要用feeling。 第九處：in→up。考查動詞短語。give in是“讓步，屈服”的意思，與語義不符。give up意為“放棄”，符合語境要求。 第十處：to→for?？疾榻樵~。此處表示我感謝媽媽為我做過的一切。thank sb.for sth.“為某事感謝某人”為固定用法。