2019年高考英語一輪鞏固達標練題 Unit 2 The United Kingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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The United Kingdom 一、閱讀理解。 Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of puters, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代碼) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit. He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(轉(zhuǎn)到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics. First pany—Zip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first pany Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2. Online Banking In 1999, Elon Musk started X． with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver’s email address. PayPal In 2000, X. bought a pany called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on being a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion. Space Exploration Technologies In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project. Tesla Motors In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The pany has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster. SolarCity In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光電的) products and services pany with his cousin Lyndon Rive. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了埃隆馬斯克的人生經(jīng)歷和偉大成就。 1．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young? A．Economics.　　　　　 B．Physics. C．Energy. D．Coding. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位瘋狂的電腦迷，十二歲時他就為自己的視頻游戲?qū)懘a并獲利了；據(jù)此可知，他小時候就有寫代碼的天賦，故D項正確。 2．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service? A．X.. B．Confinity. C．PayPal. D．eBay. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PayPal部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供國際轉(zhuǎn)賬支付服務(wù)，故C項正確。 3．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project? A．Sponsoring the Mars Society. B．Developing rocket technologies. C．Building a greenhouse on Mars. D．Supporting the exploration of Mars. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究開發(fā)火箭技術(shù)，幫助Musk實現(xiàn)他的項目(目標)，故B項正確。 4．What is Tesla Motors noted for? A．Its electric vehicles. B．Its photovoltaic products. C．Its service as a city tourist guide. D．Its business with other panies. A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tesla Motors部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生產(chǎn)電動汽車的公司，故A項正確。 二、語法填空。 In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call)“l(fā)ollipop person”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)． The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this mand. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered. Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their ine such as __6__ retired. Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say)“Stop, children crossing.” In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (歐盟)． 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國協(xié)助交通的交通安全員的情況。 1．is called　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及主謂一致。此處描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；call意為“把……叫作”，與主語someone之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；因主語someone是單數(shù)概念，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填is called。 2．suitable　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個合適的時間”，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語修飾名詞time。故填suitable。 3．requirement　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個合法的要求”。形容詞legal用來修飾名詞，其前有冠詞a，故用require的名詞形式requirement。 4．safely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“安全地過馬路”，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞短語cross the road，故用safe的副詞形式safely。 5．to　考查介詞。appeal to意為“吸引”，為固定短語。故填to。 6．the　考查冠詞。“the＋形容詞”表示一類人。the retired意為“退休的人”，符合語境。故填the。 7．who　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏)”中作主語，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)從句。 8．saying　考查非謂語動詞?？崭裉幾骱笾枚ㄕZ，say與被修飾的名詞“red and black rectangles”之間為主動關(guān)系，意為“寫著”。故填say的現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying。 9．to assist　考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許某人做某事”，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to assist。 10．replaced　考查非謂語動詞。此處表示“看見單詞‘children’被一個符號代替”，replace與saw的賓語“the word”之間為被動關(guān)系，故用replace的過去分詞形式，作saw的賓語補足語。故填replaced。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people. My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends. When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions. 1．A.wondered B．figured C．doubted D．predicted 2．A.wanted B．ignored C．lost D．ordered 3．A.unfortunately B．totally C．regularly D．a(chǎn)ccurately 4．A.It B．They C．He D．This 5．A.ability B．desire C．belief D．reason 6．A.for B．with C．from D．a(chǎn)bout 7．A.fell B．divided C．broke D．turned 8．A.mattered B．existed C．survived D．succeeded 9．A.difficult B．funny C．different D．perfect 10．A.casually B．briefly C．firmly D．surely 11．A.difficulty B．purpose C．fruits D．method 12．A.strangers B．teenagers C．friends D．families 13．A.led B．lent C．passed D．limited 14．A.write B．memorize C．prepare D．recall 15．A.quiet B．important C．large D．safe 16．A.how B．what C．where D．when 17．A.discussions B．suggestions C．experience D．theories 18．A.final B．primary C．simple D．grand 19．A.plex B．unsolvable C．unknown D．terrible 20．A.latest B．laziest C．slowest D．smallest 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實際行動來幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動，因為即使是最小的行動都可以產(chǎn)生影響。 1．B　考查動詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項意為“想知道”；B項意為“認為，以為”；C項意為“懷疑”；D項意為“預(yù)測”。短文第一句說明了作者小時候的想法，即作者認為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細地解釋他的想法。B項符合語境。故選B。 2．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“想要”；B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“丟失”；D項意為“命令，訂購”。此處指作者認為給予別人他認為別人需要的東西，他就會快樂。A項符合語境。故選A。 3．B　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“不幸地”；B項意為“完全地”；C項意為“定期地”；D項意為“準確地”。由下文可知，因為作者的臨床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達的是“這個思維過程完全變了”。B項符合語境。故選B。 4．A　考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/became＋adj.＋that從句”，代詞it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。故選A。 5．A　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“能力”；B項意為“渴望”；C項意為“信念”；D項意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語境可知，作者所需要的和每個人所需要的一樣，就是愛自己的能力。A項符合語境。故選A。 6．B　考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點，我必須學(xué)會如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with...是固定短語，表示“與……建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。 7．D　考查動詞短語辨析。各選項所給動詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場運動。turn into符合語境。故選D。 8．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項意為“存在”；C項意為“幸存”；D項意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此處表達的是“讓每個人都知道他們很重要，無法被替代”。A項符合語境。故選A。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“困難的”；B項意為“滑稽的”；C項意為“不同的”；D項意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個想法”。A項符合語境。故選A。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“隨意地”；B項意為“簡短地”；C項意為“堅定地”；D項意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達“但是我堅定地追隨我的激情”。C項符合語境。故選C。 11．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學(xué)校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助……的習(xí)慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語境。故選C。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。 ...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：……每個星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎品來到學(xué)校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。 由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語境。故選B。 13．C　考查動詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語，意為“把……傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達的是作者把帶來的作業(yè)獎品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。 14．B　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“記住”；C項意為“準備”；D項意為“回憶”。由語境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個俱樂部，學(xué)生們在這里可以表達自己的想法，由此可知這是一個安全的地方，學(xué)生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語境。故選D。 16．A　考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。由語境可知，作者想讓學(xué)生學(xué)會如何把表達的情感運用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語境。故選A。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“討論”；B項意為“建議”；C項意為“經(jīng)驗”；D項意為“理論”。在作者的個人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項符合語境，其余各項均與語境不符。故選B。 18．A　考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：這將幫助我在將來建立一個非盈利基金會。 由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說的就是他的最終目標。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語境。故選A。 19．B　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項意為“難以解決的”；C項意為“未知的”；D項意為“糟糕的”。由語境可知，作者的最終目標是要證明這個世界不是無法解決的問題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語境。故選B。 20．D　考查形容詞最高級辨析。A項意為“最新的”；B項意為“最懶的”；C項意為“最慢的”；D項意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動都會改變一些事情。D項符合語境。故選D。 四、短文改錯。 Last month, I, as well as my parents, were invited to my uncles home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. She met us at the airport. I was exciting when I set my foot on the land of America. In the followed days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History so it enriched our knowledge great. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips which I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to go there again. 答案： Last month, I, as well as my parents, invited to my uncles home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. met us at the airport. I was when I set my foot on the land of America. In the days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History it enriched our knowledge . For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to there again. 難項分析： 第一處：were→was　考查主謂一致。主語后接as well as引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由前面的主語來決定。故were改為was。 第四處：exciting→excited　考查形容詞。此處指人內(nèi)心的感受，所以用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞。故exciting改為excited。 第九處：which→that　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞前由形容詞最高級修飾，關(guān)系詞只能用that不能用which。 五、七選五