中考英語專題講練 現(xiàn)在完成時（含解析）.doc

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現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時知識精講一、現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語+ has/have + done (過去分詞)三、基本用法用法示例表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。He has already obtained a scholarship.他已經(jīng)獲得了一份獎學(xué)金。I havent seen much of him recently.我最近已經(jīng)很久沒有看到他。表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for, since連用。Peter has written six papers for three years.三年內(nèi)彼得已經(jīng)寫了六篇論文。He has lived here since xx.自從xx年以來，他一直住在這兒。四、時間狀語1. yet (常用于否定或疑問句中), already (常用于肯定句中)2. since+過去時間點/過去時的從句（譯為：自從以來）3. for+時間段4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice5. in the past / last few days五、動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化情況變形示例一般情況加-edwork-workedvisit-visited以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾加-dlive-lived輔音字母加y結(jié)尾把y變i，加-edstudy-studiedcry-cried重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫尾字母，再加-edstop-stoppeddrop-dropped六、動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化：原形過去式過去分詞AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcomerancameruncomeABB型bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相關(guān)句式hashave主語第三人稱單數(shù)第一/二人稱單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)肯定式He has turned the light off. They have already read this book.否定式He hasnt turned the light off. They havent read this book yet.疑問式Has he turned the light off? Have they read this book yet?簡略回答Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.Yes, they have. / No, they havent.肯定句：主語+has/have + done+其它.否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它.一般疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 答語：Yes,主語+has/have. / No,主語+hasnt/havent八、瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：在完成時中，一個瞬間動詞不能直接與表示一段時間的狀語(for, since等)連用。此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞：buy (bought)have/hashad買borrow(borrowed)have/haskept借die(died)have/hasbeendead死leave (left)have/hasbeenaway(from)離開begin(began)have/hasbeenon開始join(joined)have/hasbeenin參加go(went)have/hasbeenthere/in去come/arrive/reach/gettohave/hasbeenhere/in 來/達(dá)end(ended)have/hasbeenover 結(jié)束例：Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago. -Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.-Ithasbeenfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞1. “ bemarried” 代替marry2. “beill” 代替fall(get)ill3. “bedead” 代替die4. “beasleep” 代替fall(get)asleep5. “beawake” 代替wake/wakeup6. “begone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave7. “beopen” 代替open8. “beclosed” 代替close/shut用“be副詞”代終止性動詞1. “beon” 代替start, begin2. “beup” 代替getup3. “beback(to)” 代替returnto, comebackto, gobackto4. “behere(there)” 代替come(arrive, reach, get)here或go(arrive, reach, get)there等等用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1.”bein/at+地點” 代替goto/cometo2.”用beinthearmy”代替jointhearmy3.”bein/at+地點” 代替moveto三點剖析一、考點：現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法和時間狀語；以及動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。二、易錯點： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的區(qū)別。1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，（現(xiàn)未回來）（不可與for+一段時間連用）。例：-Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？-He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去了上海。2. has been to：表示去過某地，（現(xiàn)已回來）（不可與for+一段時間連用）。例：I have been to New York three times so far. 到目前為止，我已經(jīng)去過紐約三次了。3. has been in：表示一直呆在某地，常與時間段搭配。例：I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。題模精選題模一：基本用法例1.1.1 I _ already _ in this school for three years.A was; studyingB are; studyingC will; studyD have; studied例1.1.2 I _ English since xx.A have learntB have learnC learntD learn例1.1.3 I _ my pencil yet.A have findB havent foundC foundD find例1.1.4 Mr. Brown isnt at home. He _ to his office.A has beenB has goneC has goD went題模二：動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則例1.2.1 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She _ (live) in Hubei for two years.例1.2.2 You neednt tell him. I _ (tell) him already.例1.2.3 We _ just _ (have) our lunch.例1.2.4 Peter _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.例1.2.5 They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.題模三：句型轉(zhuǎn)換例1.3.1 I have been there for two years.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_例1.3.2 My father has lived here since 2000.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A was; studyingB will; studyC has; studiedD are; studying隨練1.2 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A knowB had knownC have knownD knew隨練1.3 His father _ the Party since 1978.A joinedB has joinedC was inD has been in隨練1.4 -Our country _ a lot so far.-Yes. I hope it will be even _.A has changed; wellB changed; goodC has changed; betterD changed; better隨練1.5 Her grandfather _ for two years.A has been deadB has diedC diedD has been died隨練1.6 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.3. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).4. Mary lost her pen. _ you_ (see) it here and there?5. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _ (go) to the library.隨練1.7 Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the libraryA wentB wasC has goneD has been隨練1.8 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. IhaveeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. Iveworkedherefortenyears.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. Mikehasalreadyfoundhiswatch.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 -Do you know him well?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.A wereB have beenC have becomeD have made作業(yè)2 Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A have gotB have arrived atC have been toD have reached作業(yè)3 -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A gone; goneB been; beenC gone; beenD been; gone作業(yè)4 My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A have been inB have been toC have gone toD have been作業(yè)5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A had begunB has been onC began.作業(yè)6 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We _ already _ (return) the book.2. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.3. Jack _ (finish) his homework already.4. -Are you thirsty?-No, I _ just _ (have) some orange.5. My father _ (read) the novel twice.6. -Where is Jim?- He _ (go) to England.作業(yè)7 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Lindahasgonetotheteachersoffice.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.否定句：_疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_答案解析現(xiàn)在完成時題模精選題模一：基本用法例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already和for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“我已經(jīng)在這個學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了三年了。”可知，故選D。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“自從2000年我就已經(jīng)開始學(xué)英語了?！笨芍?，故選A。例1.1.3【答案】B【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語，常用于否定句或疑問句中。再由句意“我還沒有找到我的筆?！惫蔬xB。例1.1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/have been to 去過某地，現(xiàn)已回；has/have gone to 去了某地，現(xiàn)未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去辦公室來了。”可知，故選B。題模二：動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則例1.2.1【答案】 has lived【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。例1.2.2【答案】 have told【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。tell的過去分詞形式為told。故填have told。例1.2.3【答案】 have; had【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。just是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。have的過去分詞形式為had。故填have; had。例1.2.4【答案】 has lived【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。例1.2.5【答案】 havent read【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。read的過去分詞形式為read。故填havent read。題模三：句型轉(zhuǎn)換例1.3.1【答案】 否定句：I havent been there for two years.疑問句：Have you been there for two years?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。肯定句：主語+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.例1.3.2【答案】 否定句：My father hasnt lived here since 2000.疑問句：Has your father lived here since 2000?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already 和for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.3【答案】D【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。隨練1.4【答案】C【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。so far是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.5【答案】A【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選A。隨練1.6【答案】 1. lived2. have been3. has passed; left4. Have; seen5. Have; found6. have gone【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填lived。2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填have been。3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has passed; left。4. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知瑪麗丟了自己的筆，此事對現(xiàn)在造成影響，以至于問別人有沒有看到。故填Have; seen。5. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填Have; found。6. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知“同班同學(xué)已經(jīng)去了圖書館”。故填have gone。隨練1.7【答案】C【解析】 現(xiàn)在完成時。隨練1.8【答案】 1. 否定句：IhaventeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.疑問句：Have you ever been to India and Russia?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.2. 否定句：I haventworkedherefortenyears.疑問句：Have you worked here for ten years?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.3. 否定句：Mikehasntfoundhiswatch yet.疑問句：Has Mikefoundhiswatch yet?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.作業(yè)1【答案】B【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選B。作業(yè)2【答案】D【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。作業(yè)3【答案】B【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/have been to 去過某地現(xiàn)已回，再由句意可知，故選A。作業(yè)4【答案】A【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/ have been in 待在某地，可以跟一段時間連用。再由句意可知，故選B。作業(yè)5【答案】C【解析】 時態(tài)，根據(jù)for ten minutes可知表示動詞的持續(xù)，故選擇用持續(xù)性動詞been on，選項C正確。作業(yè)6【答案】 1. have; returned2. has read3. has finished4. have; had5. has read6. has gone【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填have; returned。2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has read。3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has finished。4. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。 just是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。 故填have; had。5. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。故填has read。6. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。has/ have gone to去了某地還未回，再由句意可知，故填has gone。作業(yè)7【答案】 1. 否定句：Lindahasnt gonetotheteachersoffice.疑問句：Has Lindagonetotheteachersoffice?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.2. 否定句：Ihavent seenthefilm yet.疑問句：Have you seen the film yet?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.3. 否定句：Shehasntwatchedthefilmtwice.疑問句：Has shewatchedthefilmtwice?肯定回答：Yes, she has.否定回答：No, she hasnt.【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。肯定句：主語+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答：No,主語+hasnt/havent.