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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第5講（上）朝陽一模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過五選五高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于五選五高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 forget v. 忘記 opp. remember in a hurry 匆忙，立刻 possible adj. 可能的 opp. impossible dress up 打扮 terrible adj. 可怕的 fall asleep 睡著，入睡 as…as possible 盡可能… appear v. 出現(xiàn) hardly adv. 幾乎不 fantastic adj. 極好的 長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 1. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：事實(shí)上，她真的不知道怎樣打扮。 本句中包含著一個由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做know的賓語。 2. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：在那時，我意識到每個女孩都有一雙像灰姑娘的水晶鞋一樣的特殊的鞋子。 本句中包含著一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作realize的賓語，同時在賓語從句中又包含著一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾shoes，這種復(fù)合句的翻譯需要注意。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時選擇范圍會變小，可以反復(fù)對比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來對第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！保钥崭裉帒?yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號 選項(xiàng) A Here is the ticket B She danced with a sweet smile C After all the performance ended D I arrived at the hall with the ticket E But Kathy was not such kind of girl 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時 實(shí)際用時 正確率 星級 日常生活類 記敘文 253 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Crystal (水晶）Shoes “Hi, Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope you’ll come.__1__ , and don’t forget!” Then she left in a hurry. “What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. __2__ She was a quite common girl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing! “I should go. I must go!” I thought. __3__, found my seat and sat down. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would have a hard time before her turn, for I had no sense of art. Time went slowly, I tried my best not to fall asleep. Just then, came the words “Let’s welcome the next exciting dance — Kathy!” Hearing this, I opened my eyes as large as possible, I was afraid to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Kathy appeared __4__, looking like a pretty butterfly flying. I could hardly believe my eyes. __5__, I waited for her at the gate. “ Hi !”She stood in front of me with a big smile. “How do you feel?” “Fantastic!” I answered. “Haha. I knew you would be. ” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）. A. Here is the ticket B. She danced with a sweet smile C. After all the performance ended D. I arrived at the hall with the ticket E. But Kathy was not such kind of girl 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要通過講述作者觀看了Kathy的一次跳舞表演，對她的印象有所改觀的故事。 1. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤拔蚁Ｍ隳軄怼！保瑸g覽選項(xiàng)可知，如果要來觀看表演的話，就一定要有票，所以選擇A項(xiàng)，意為“這是票”。 答案：A 2. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤笆裁?？跳舞？那可能嗎？”，空格后句意為“她是一個非常普通的女孩”，空格前后句句意相反，所以空格處應(yīng)填一個具有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知選E，意為“但是Kathy不是這種女孩”。 答案：E 3. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格后句意為“找到我的座位并坐下”，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D，意為“我拿著票到了大廳”，這道題要根據(jù)動作的連續(xù)性進(jìn)行選擇。 答案：D 4. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤按┲患鹕?，華麗的裙子，Kathy出現(xiàn)了”，空格后句意為“看起來像一只漂亮的蝴蝶在飛舞”，所以空格處應(yīng)該是描寫跳舞時的狀態(tài)的句子，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選B，意為“她帶著甜美的微笑跳舞”。 答案：B 5. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格后句意為“我在大門處等她”，所以推斷應(yīng)該是表演結(jié)束了，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選C，意為“在表演結(jié)束之后”，這是明顯的事件發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。 答案：C 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識和方法） 語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 1、3、4、5 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 2 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 v. 忘記 in a hurry adj. 可能的 dress up adj. 可怕的 fall asleep as…as possible v. 出現(xiàn) adv. 幾乎不 fantastic adj. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 對不起，我累得睡著了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 他急忙穿上衣服。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. I hope to see him as soon as possible. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時 實(shí)際用時 正確率 星級 人物傳記/故事類 記敘文 165 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Kevin Pearce, snowboard athlete (運(yùn)動員), has come a long way since his accident on December 31, xx. 1 , when he fell and hurt his head. Luckily, he was wearing a helmet (頭盔). 2 . He stayed in hospital for four months. He still can’t remember several weeks of his life after the accident. Today, Pearce is still working hard to get his health back to 100%. 3 . A year ago, he couldn’t walk straight. Now, he can not only walk, but he can also drive again. Pearce says he must thank his fans, his friends and especially his family. His parents and elder brothers have been by his side since the accident. 4 . He said he couldn’t have got well so quickly without them. These days, Pearce is back on the snowboarding circuit (巡回比賽). 5 . He is on the road again and it is a new beginning for him. A. So far, he has made a lot of progress B. His brother, Adam, left his job to care for him full-time C. But his head was badly hurt and he couldn’t see or move D. On that day, Pearce was training for the xx Winter Olympics E. Instead of competing for medals, he’s giving opinions on athletes 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 forget v. 忘記 in a hurry 匆忙，立刻 possible adj. 可能的 dress up 打扮 terrible adj. 可怕的 fall asleep 睡著，入睡 as…as possible 盡可能… appear v. 出現(xiàn) hardly adv. 幾乎不 fantastic adj. 極好的 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. I am sorry I was too tired to fall asleep. 2. He put on his clothes in a hurry. 3. 事實(shí)上，她真的不知道怎樣打扮。 4. 在那時，我意識到每個女孩都有一雙像灰姑娘的水晶鞋一樣的特殊的鞋子。 5. 我希望能盡快見到他。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. E 第5講（下）朝陽一模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 shyness n. 羞怯，害羞 adj. shy frightened adj. 受驚的，害怕的 stop…from doing 阻止…做某事 according to 根據(jù)，按照 generally adv. 一般地，通常 childhood n. 童年，兒童時期 confident adj. 有信心的 n. confidence comfortable adj. 舒適的，安逸的 attitude n. 態(tài)度 instead of 代替，而不是 長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 1. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：害羞的人有時認(rèn)為會見新朋友意味著要說很多話。 本句中包含著一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作think的賓語，在賓語從句中動名詞短語meaning new people作句子的主語。 2. Build your confidence and change your attitude towards meeting new people instead of worrying about how they will think of you, and think about what are good points you hope to find in the new person you will meet.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：建立你的自信，改變你對見新朋友的態(tài)度，而不是擔(dān)心他們會怎樣想你，要思考你希望從要會見的新朋友身上發(fā)現(xiàn)什么優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 本句較長，句中包含短語instead of“代替，而不是”，短語前后是兩種觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，要分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個問題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對人，事，地點(diǎn)，時間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個玻璃瓶在海里移動了多長時間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問形式為一般疑問句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個物體，新興事物或抽象概念時：What……is. 2. 介紹某個人物時：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（北京朝陽期末） 問題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說的是孩子們在家里做一些家務(wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號 選項(xiàng) 1 What does shyness mean? 2 Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3 When do scientists think shyness usually begins? 4 Who can help shy people calm down? 5 What is the passage mainly about? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時 實(shí)際用時 正確率 星級 日常生活類 說明文 287 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ People always have different feelings. Among them is shyness. It means feeling frightened when you are around other people. Some children were born shy. Some become very shy later because of life experience. In fact, everyone gets a little shy sometimes. It depends on how shy you are. If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isn’t a big problem. According to scientists, shyness generally begins during childhood. Most of time，shyness is caused by people’s worry about what other people think of them，so shy people often find it very difficult to meet new people. This fear has bad effects on their work life, social life and love life. The following suggestions may be helpful for shy people. Find ways to relax when you go out .When you are old enough, consider drinking a glass of wine before heading out for the night. Talk with your friend or family member to help yourself calm down (平靜). Look best when you go out. Wear something that makes you feel confident and comfortable. Listen carefully when people speak. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking. You can ask simple questions and then listen to the answers. People love to feel like other people are listening to them and sharing their point of view. Build your confidence and change your attitude towards meeting new people instead of worrying about how they will think of you, and think about what are good points you hope to find in the new person you will meet. Try these suggestions if you do feel very shy. Hopefully you can enjoy your life better. 1. What does shyness mean? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. When do scientists think shyness usually begins? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Who can help shy people calm down? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. What is the passage mainly about? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的說明文，主要介紹了什么是羞怯和怎樣應(yīng)付羞怯這個問題。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“羞怯是什么意思？”，根據(jù)題干可以鎖定文章第一段關(guān)鍵句It means feeling frightened when you are around other people，意為“它意味著當(dāng)你被其他人包圍時感到害怕。”。 答案：Shyness means feeling frightened when you are around other people. 2. 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“根據(jù)文章，害羞總是一個大問題嗎？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第一段關(guān)鍵句If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isn’t a big problem.意為“如果害羞不會阻止你做一些你想做的事，那么害羞不是一個大問題?！?，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：No. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為害羞通常什么時候開始？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第二段關(guān)鍵句According to scientists, shyness generally begins during childhood.意為“根據(jù)科學(xué)家，害羞一般在兒童時期開始”，即可以推斷出正確答案。 答案：During childhood. 4. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“誰能幫助害羞的人平靜下來？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第三段關(guān)鍵句Talk with your friend or family member to help yourself calm down (平靜).意為“和你的朋友或家庭成員聊天能幫助你自己平靜下來。”，即可推斷出正確答案為“Their friend and family member”，這里要注意人稱的變換，your變?yōu)閠heir。 答案：Their friend and family member. 5. 解析：本題為主旨題。題干意為“文章主要講的是什么？”，本題需要瀏覽全文作答，答案分為兩個部分，第一部分為文章第一段，主要講述的是害羞是什么，可用句型“What…is”，即為“What shyness is”；第二部分主要根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句The following suggestions may be helpful for shy people.作答，意為“下面的建議也許對害羞的人有幫助”，所以從第三段開始都在說怎么樣處理害羞的方法，可以用句型“How to…”，即為“How to deal with shyness”，用and連接兩個部分即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀表達(dá)的知識和方法） 語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)題 1、3、4 是非題 2 主旨題 5 活用題 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 n. 羞怯，害羞 frightened adj. 阻止…做某事 according to generally adv. n. 童年，兒童時期 adj. 有信心的 comfortable adj. attitude n. instead of 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 他們倆都依章行事。 _____________________________________________. 2. 什么都阻止不了我們做這件事。 ______________________________________________. 3. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking. ______________________________________________. 4. Build your confidence and change your attitu