山東省2019年中考英語題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 題型四 閱讀理解課件.ppt

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濱州題型四閱讀理解,一、閱讀理解“三步定位法”第一步看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞先看問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。第二步讀文章，第二次定位找原文帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。,第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行第三次定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。,二、具體解題技巧1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計(jì)題目，考查對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占比例最大，一般占總分值的60%～85%。常見的設(shè)題方式有：用what,where,which,why,who,how等疑問,詞進(jìn)行提問；用accordingto...開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式；以...because的提問方式設(shè)題等。解答這類題要學(xué)會(huì)以下技巧：,(1)如果所提問題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容可直接搜尋；(2)細(xì)讀文章的第一段或前幾句，注意每段的開頭句和結(jié)尾句；(3)重視結(jié)尾段，作者一般會(huì)在結(jié)尾段作出總結(jié)，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。,IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfatherswordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,FairtimeandWinter！”Atthattime,aweeklongfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.,?Thousandsofpeoplecametothetowntoatthefair.A．enjoyGrandmasfoodB．sellandbuythingsC．learntocookD．haveabigparty,【解析】B由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來到小鎮(zhèn)是為了在集市上買賣東西，故選B。,2．推理判斷題一般說來主要有：對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷；對(duì)某個(gè)問題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的設(shè)題方式有：,(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...(2)Wecanlearnfromthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...?(6)Attheendofthepassagethewritersuggests...(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...,Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing？”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallthewaythroughtheearth！”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.,?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis.A．sillyB．strictC．friendlyD．strongminded,【解析】A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺得小男孩很愚蠢，故選A。,3．詞義猜測(cè)題該題型要求在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或短語進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。做題時(shí)可結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、語法及相關(guān)知識(shí)積累進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。Aserioussandstorm(沙塵暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.,?Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A．信封B．遮蓋C．刮走D．灰塵,【解析】B由前面可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷，此處envelop是表示“遮蓋”之意，故選B。,4．主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)短文整體的理解概括能力。常見的提問方式有：Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage?(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?,解答該類題目時(shí)可注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)有標(biāo)題的文章，要從標(biāo)題開始閱讀，因?yàn)闃?biāo)題常是文章的主題；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章會(huì)在段首或段尾給出全文主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，建議最后做此類題目，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目后，自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章主旨有一定的把握；(4)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主旨，關(guān)鍵詞即文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞。,Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudentslibrary,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheck,homeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudents‘parentsthroughemail.?Whatsthemainideaofthispassage?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．Computerswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudentsparentsthroughemail.,【解析】A第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其擴(kuò)展和論述，故選A。,5．?dāng)?shù)字推算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系做出簡單的計(jì)算和推斷。,IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIleftschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafulltimepainter.?Whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout.A．14B．16C．18D．21,【解析】D作者14歲因繪畫獲獎(jiǎng)，18歲進(jìn)入藝術(shù)學(xué)校，畢業(yè)時(shí)一定在18歲以上，故選D。,